Starting to explore VFB
Text search and query tools and how to explore the 3D images.
Text search and query tools and how to explore the 3D images.
Canonical templates not only allow for spatial alignment of image data but also are often painted to make a reference atlas of anatomical regions.
[adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe; computer graphic; a'L on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe; computer graphic; a'L(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe; a'L(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[is part of; mushroom body alpha' lobe slice 1; a'1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[a'2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; mushroom body alpha' lobe slice 2; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; a'3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; mushroom body alpha' lobe slice 3]
[a1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; mushroom body alpha lobe slice 1; adult brain]
[mushroom body alpha lobe slice 2; a2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; mushroom body alpha lobe slice 3; adult brain; a3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[asymmetrical body; AB(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic]
[asymmetrical body; AB(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
A small area of neuropil on the frontomedial edge of the medulla, close to the outgoing fibers running from the serpentine layer to the posterior optic commissure. It is the descendant of the larval optic neuropil (Sprecher et al., 2011).
[accessory medulla on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[accessory medulla on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
[adult accessory mesothoracic neuropil; adult accessory mesothoracic neuromere on adult VNC, JRC2018VU; JRC2018UnisexVNC; is part of; adult ventral nerve cord; computer graphic]
[adult accessory mesothoracic neuromere on adult VNS template, Court2018; adult accessory mesothoracic neuropil; computer graphic; adult VNS template - Court2018]
Region of dense neuropil located at the interface between the mesothoracic neuromere and the prothoracic neuromere, ventral to the tectulum (Court et al., 2020). It mostly contains sensory afferents from the wing and notum that enter the central nervous system via the anterior dorsal mesothoracic nerve (Power, 1948; Court et al., 2020).
The adult antennal lobe is a bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the deutocerebrum lying in front of the protocerebral synaptic neuropil domains. It is divided into approximately 50 glomeruli and is clearly separated from adjacent neuropil domains by an extensive glial sheath. The two antennal lobes are connected by the antennal commissure and receive olfactory receptor neuron axons from the antennal nerve and subesophageal tract. It is also connected to the antennal lobe tracts and the broad root.
Glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe, defined by the output terminals of specific sets of sensory neurons (Bates et al., 2020). Many former ‘compartments’ now modeled as glomeruli in their own right following Bates et al. (2020) EM paper term usage.
[computer graphic; adult antennal lobe on adult brain template Ito2014]
[adult antennal lobe on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Adult sensory region of the subesophageal zone that develops from the larval anterior ventral sensory compartment (Kendroud et al., 2018). It receives fibers from the anterior root of the maxillary-labial nerve and fibers of the pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018).
A midline crossing complex of the synaptic neuropil domains of the adult brain: the ellipsoid body, the fan-shaped body, the three paired noduli, the asymmetrical bodies and the protocerebral bridge. It is closely associated with another paired synaptic neuropil domain, the lateral complex. It lies in the middle of the brain between the pedunculi of the mushroom bodies and is bounded ventrally by the esophagus, dorsally by the pars intercerebralis and laterally by the antenno-glomerular tracts. Some authors' use of the term ‘central body’ excludes the protocerebral bridge, some usage also excludes the noduli, some exclude the lateral triangles, and historically it has been used to refer to the fan-shaped body alone (Hanesch et al., 1989).
[adult central complex on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Adult sensory region of the subesophageal zone that develops from the narrow anterior (tritocerebral and gnathal) region of the larval central sensory compartment (Kendroud et al., 2018). It encompasses the antennal mechanosensory and motor center at its anterior end, containing the axon terminals of Johnston organ neurons entering via the antennal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018). At its posterior end, it receives axonal projections of thoracic and abdominal sensory neurons, which enter the subesophageal zone via the cervical connective (Kendroud et al., 2018).
A thin, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain that wraps around the medial lobe of the mushroom body. Many neurons in this domain enter the lobes to form extensive connections with Kenyon cell fibers. The name crepine is used in French cuisine to refer to a slice of meat wrapped around some delicacy. The posterior region of the crepine corresponds to the dorsal part of the inferior dorsofrontal protocerebrum (IDFP) of Chiang et al., (2011) (Ito et al., 2014).
Layers 6-9 of the fan-shaped body (Hu et al., 2018; Kacsoh et al., 2019). This region is involved in sleep regulation (Donlea et al., 2011; Donlea et al., 2014; Qian et al., 2017; Yurgel et al., 2019).
Any adult antennal lobe glomerulus (FBbt:00067500) that receives input from some hygrosensory neuron (FBbt:00005923).
Small region of the adult mesothoracic neuromere connecting the two giant fiber neurons across the midline, proximal to their lateral axonal bend (Allen et al., 1998). Several neurons that connect to the giant fiber neuron(s) via gap junctions do so in this region (Kennedy and Broadie, 2018).
A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the adult brain with a roughly pyramidal shape that is located inferior-lateral to the ellipsoid body and anterior-inferior to the bulb (lateral triangle). It lies behind the antennal lobe and in front of the ventral complex. The LAL corresponds to part of the anterior superior part of the vmpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and to the ventral part of the inferior dorsofrontal protocerebrum (IDFP) of Chiang et al., (2011) (Ito et al., 2014).
Dorsolateral horn-shaped synaptic neuropil domain of the adult protocerebrum that houses the terminals of various antennal lobe projection neurons (Ito et al., 2014). It is not separated from other neuropils by a glial sheath, but by the extent of arborization and synapsing of these antennal lobe projection neurons (Ito et al., 2014).
Ventral lobe present in each thoracic neuromere of the adult ventral nerve cord (Namiki et al., 2018; Court et al., 2020). Somatosensory neurons of the leg terminate in parts of this neuropil (Tsubouchi et al., 2017).
Bilaterally paired neuropil structure situated postero-dorsally in the protocerebrum that functions in olfactory associative learning and memory. The mushroom body is divided into: the calyx, which is closest to the cell body rind and receives sensory interneuron afferents; the pedunculus, which is a thick axon bundle extending from the calyx to the base of the lobes; and the mushroom body lobe system, which consists of a vertical branch composed of two intertwined lobes (alpha and alpha') and a medial branch consisting of three parallel lobes (beta, beta' and gamma) (Crittenden et al., 1998; Ito et al., 2014).
A subregion of the alpha' lobe occupied by the vertical lobe projecting branches of the neurons composing the mushroom body beta'' lobe of the adult brain. Via Golgi impregnation and immunostaining, Strausfeld et al., (2003) identifies this highly taurine-immunopositive, aspartate-immunonegative band. However, Tanaka et al., (2008), using an enhancer trap screen, suggest that the neurons composing the alpha''/beta'' lobe should be regarded as a subpopulation of the alpha'/beta' anterior neurons.
Subregion of the adult mushroom body vertical lobe (Ito et al., 2014). It is composed of the vertical branches of alpha'/beta' Kenyon cells (Ito et al., 2014).
Subregion of the adult mushroom body vertical lobe (Ito et al., 2014). It is composed of the vertical branches of alpha/beta Kenyon cells (Ito et al., 2014).
A narrow division lying between the gamma and beta' lobes of the adult brain. Axons innervating the beta'' lobe have axons innervating the alpha' lobe front surface. Via Golgi impregnation and immunostaining, Strausfeld et al., (2003) identifies this highly taurine-immunopositive, aspartate-immunonegative band. However, Tanaka et al., (2008), using an enhancer trap screen, suggest that the neurons composing the alpha''/beta'' lobe should be regarded as a subpopulation of the alpha'/beta' anterior neurons.
Subregion of the adult mushroom body medial lobe (Ito et al., 2014). It is composed of the medial branches of alpha'/beta' Kenyon cells (Ito et al., 2014).
Subregion of the adult mushroom body medial lobe (Ito et al., 2014). It is composed of the medial branches of alpha/beta Kenyon cells (Ito et al., 2014).
A small subregion of the adult mushroom body that protrudes from the anterior-dorsal edge of the calyx into the superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) (Ito et al., 2014). It contains the terminals of the alpha/beta posterior Kenyon cells (Tanaka et al., 2008; Ito et al., 2014; Aso et al., 2014) and it is not separated from the SLP by a glial sheath (Ito et al., 2014). It receives mainly visual input with little, if any, olfactory or gustatory input (Li et al., 2020). Previously named the accessory calyx, this was renamed to the dorsal accessory calyx to distinguish it from the ventral accessory calyx (Aso et al., 2014).
Subregion of the adult mushroom body medial lobe (Ito et al., 2014). It is composed of the axons of gamma Kenyon cells (Ito et al., 2014).
A small bar-shaped subregion of the adult mushroom body that protrudes from the anterior dorsolateral edge of the calyx, lateral to the dorsal accessory calyx (Jenett et al., 2012). It contains the postsynaptic terminals of a subpopulation of around 14 alpha'/beta' Kenyon cells (Yagi et al., 2016; Li et al., 2020), some of which only receive input in this region (Marin et al., 2020). It also contains some of the postsynaptic terminals of the gamma-s2 Kenyon cell (Marin et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020). The vast majority of presynapses in this region are from the temperature-sensitive antennal lobe VP3 vPN and VP2 adPN projection neurons (Marin et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020).
The lateral subregion of the adult mushroom body main calyx that contains two of the four neuroblast clones of Kenyon cells (Ito et al., 2014).
The medial subregion of the adult mushroom body main calyx that contains two of the four neuroblast clones of Kenyon cells (Ito et al., 2014).
[adult mushroom body on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
A small protrusion of the adult mushroom body calyx extending ventral lateral to the main calyx (Aso et al., 2014). The dendritic arbors of gamma dorsal Kenyon cells are found in this region (Aso et al., 2014). It is targeted by visual projection neurons (Li et al., 2020).
Glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe that receives input from olfactory neurons. There are approximately 51 of these per hemisphere (Bates et al., 2020).
Small region of the dorsal lateral part of the adult lateral accessory lobe, close to the bulb (Lin et al., 2013). The rubus is distinct from the round body (Wolff and Rubin, 2018).
Synaptic neuropil domain of the adult subesophageal zone that houses the axon terminals of sensory neurons (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010; Kendroud et al., 2018). These can be defined based on the projection patterns of neurons entering the brain via particular roots of the maxillary-labial, pharyngeal and antennal nerves (Kendroud et al., 2018).
Ventral lobe present in the prothoracic neuromere of the adult ventral nerve cord (Namiki et al., 2018). Somatosensory neurons of the foreleg terminate in parts of this neuropil (Tsubouchi et al., 2017).
Ventral lobe present in the mesothoracic segment (T2) of the adult ventral nerve cord (Namiki et al., 2018). Somatosensory neurons of the middle leg terminate in parts of this neuropil (Tsubouchi et al., 2017).
Ventral lobe present in the metathoracic segment (T3) of the adult ventral nerve cord (Namiki et al., 2018). Somatosensory neurons of the hindleg terminate in parts of this neuropil (Tsubouchi et al., 2017).
Any adult antennal lobe glomerulus (FBbt:00067500) that receives input from some adult thermosensory neuron (FBbt:00051293).
Layers 1-5 of the fan-shaped body (Hu et al., 2018; Kacsoh et al., 2019). This region is responsive to electric shock (Hu et al., 2018).
[AL on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; adult antennal lobe; computer graphic]
[aL on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic; adult mushroom body alpha-lobe]
[adult antennal lobe; computer graphic; AL(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[aL(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; adult mushroom body alpha-lobe]
[AL(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult antennal lobe; computer graphic]
[aL(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult mushroom body alpha-lobe; computer graphic]
[antennal lobe glomerulus D; is part of; adult brain; AL-D(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[AL-D(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus D; is part of; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DA1; is part of; AL-DA1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DA2; is part of; adult brain; AL-DA2(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DA2; is part of; AL-DA2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[AL-DA3(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DA3; is part of; adult brain]
[AL-DA3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DA3; is part of; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DA4l; is part of; adult brain; AL-DA4l(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DA4m; is part of; AL-DA4m(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DA4m; is part of; AL-DA4m(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-DC1(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DC1; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-DC1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DC1; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-DC2(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DC2; adult brain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus DC2; AL-DC2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[is part of; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus DC3; AL-DC3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[AL-DC4(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus DC4]
[is part of; AL-DC4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus DC4]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DL1; is part of; AL-DL1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[AL-DL2d(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus DL2d]
[is part of; AL-DL2v(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DL2v; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DL3; is part of; adult brain; AL-DL3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DL4; is part of; adult brain; AL-DL4(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[is part of; AL-DL4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus DL4]
[AL-DL5(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus DL5; adult brain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus DL5; AL-DL5(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[AL-DM1(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM1; is part of; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus DM1; is part of; adult brain; AL-DM1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus DM2; adult brain; AL-DM2(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[is part of; AL-DM2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM2; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-DM3(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM3]
[is part of; adult brain; AL-DM3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM3]
[is part of; AL-DM4(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM4; adult brain]
[is part of; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM4; AL-DM4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[is part of; AL-DM5(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM5; adult brain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus DM5; AL-DM5(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[AL-DM6(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus DM6; adult brain]
[AL-DM6(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DM6; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-DP1l(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DP1l; adult brain]
[AL-DP1m(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus DP1m; is part of; adult brain]
[AL-DP1m(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus DP1m; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-V(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus V; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VA1d; is part of; AL-VA1d(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-VA1v(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VA2; is part of; AL-VA2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[AL-VA3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VA3; adult brain]
[AL-VA4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VA4; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-VA5(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus VA5; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VA6; is part of; AL-VA6(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VA6; is part of; adult brain; AL-VA6(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[is part of; AL-VA7l(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus VA7l]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VA7m; AL-VA7m(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[AL-VC1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VC1; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-VC2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus VC2]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VC3l; AL-VC3l(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[AL-VC3m(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VC3m; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VC4; AL-VC4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-VC5(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus VC5]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VL1; AL-VL1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-VL2a(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VL2p; adult brain; AL-VL2p(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VM1; is part of; AL-VM1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VM2; AL-VM2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[AL-VM3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus VM3; is part of; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VM4; AL-VM4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; AL-VM5d(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus VM5d; adult brain]
[AL-VM5v(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus VM5v]
[AL-VM7d(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antennal lobe glomerulus VM7d; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VM7d; AL-VM7d(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VM7v; AL-VM7v(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VM7v; AL-VM7v(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VP1d; AL-VP1d(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus VP1l; AL-VP1l(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VP1m; adult brain; AL-VP1m(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[is part of; antennal lobe glomerulus VP2; AL-VP2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VP3; is part of; AL-VP3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[antennal lobe glomerulus VP4; AL-VP4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[AL-VP5(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; antennal lobe glomerulus VP5]
[accessory medulla; computer graphic; AME on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[accessory medulla; AME(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[antennal mechanosensory and motor center; computer graphic; AMMC on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[AMMC on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; antennal mechanosensory and motor center]
Synaptic neuropil domain of the deutocerebrum that is the main target for innervation from the antennal nerve.
Discrete partition of the antennal lobe, defined by a specific set of sensory neurons (Bates et al., 2020). There are 51 olfactory and 7 non-olfactory (VP) glomeruli (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020).
Glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe located on the same frontal plane as glomerulus DM3 (a landmark glomerulus). It lies dorsomedial to the posterior part of glomerulus V, and lateral to glomerulus VM6. Note: This glomerulus not found in all samples when it was originally categorised, so may not be present in all animals. Not identified in comprehensive EM AL analysis (Bates et al., 2020 - FlyBase:FBrf0246460).
Any glomerulus compartment (FBbt:00007362) that is part of some antennal lobe glomerulus (FBbt:00003925).
Dorsal glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to glomerulus DC1, and medial to glomerulus DL4. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventrolateral to glomerulus DL3 and lateral to glomerulus DL4. It is larger in males than females (Grabe et al, 2016). Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to glomerulus VA6 and medial to glomerulus DA4. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to glomerulus D and ventrolateral to glomerulus DL3. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to glomerulus VA6 and lateral to glomerulus DA2. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
DA4 glomerulus lateral to DA4m.
DA4 glomerulus medial to DA4l. It is larger in males than females (Grabe et al, 2016).
Dorso-central glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventral to glomerulus D and dorsolateral to glomerulus DM2. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-central glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies lateral to glomerulus VM5 and medial to glomerulus DC3. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-central glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies lateral to glomerulus DC2 and medial to the posterior portion of glomerulus VA1l. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorsal glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventral to glomerulus DM3 and posterior to DC2 and DC1, and is innervated by coeloconic olfactory receptor neurons (Couto et al., 2005). This glomerulus corresponds to glomerulus 1 as described in Laissue et al. (1999).
Dorso-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies lateral to glomerulus DM3 and medial to glomerulus DL5. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Lateral region of antennal lobe glomerulus DL1. Defined by terminals of polyglomerular PNs (Yu et al., 2010). Not considered to be a glomerulus in Bates et al. (2020) - FlyBase:FBrf0246460.
Dorso-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. There are two of these, which lie ventrolateral to glomerulus DL1 and dorsomedial to glomerulus VL2a. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
DL2 glomerulus that is dorsal to DL2v. It lies at the dorsoventral margin of the ventral compartment and ventral to glomerulus DA1.
DL2 glomerulus ventral to DL2d. It lies on the ventromedial margin of the dorsal compartment and immediately ventral to glomerulus DL1.
Dorso-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies at the dorsal tip of the antennal lobe dorsomedial to glomerulus DA1. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It is a small glomerulus surrounded by glomeruli D, DL3 and DA1. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies lateral to glomerulus DM3 and medial to glomerulus DL1. It is larger in females than males (Grabe et al, 2016). Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
A small, densely innervated glomerulus located just anterior to DL1. This glomerulus is visible with Nc82 staining (Marin et al., 2005), but was not identified by Laissue et al., 1999. Not identified in comprehensive EM AL analysis (Bates et al., 2020 - FlyBase:FBrf0246460).
Dorso-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to glomerulus DM4 and medial to glomerulus DP1m. It is larger in females than males (Grabe et al, 2016). Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsomedial to glomerulus VM7 and dorsomedial to glomerulus DM3. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to glomerulus DM2 and medial to glomerulus DL5. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies immediately ventral to glomerulus DM1 in the posterior most strata of the antennal lobe. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsomedial to glomerulus VM5. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to glomerulus VM5 and ventromedial to glomerulus D. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Dorso-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. There are two of these, which lie along the dorsolateral border of the posterior-most strata of the antennal lobe, lateral to glomerulus DM1 and dorsal to glomerulus DL2. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
DP1 glomerulus lateral to DP1m and dorsomedial to glomerulus DL2d. It is larger in females than males (Grabe et al, 2016).
DP1 glomerulus medial to DP1l and lateral to DM1.
Ventrally located antennal lobe glomerulus innervated only by ipsilateral ORNs. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
VA1 glomerulus dorsal to VA1v and ventral to DA1.
VA1 glomerulus ventral to VA1d (Couto et al., 2005). It is larger in males than females (Grabe et al, 2016).
Ventral anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies medial to glomerulus VA3 and ventrolateral to glomerulus VM2. It is larger in males than females (Grabe et al, 2016). Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies lateral to glomerulus VA2 and ventral to glomerulus VA7. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventrolateral to glomerulus VA3 and medial to glomerulus VL1. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies lateral to glomerulus VC2 and ventromedial to the lateral compartment of glomerulus VA1. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventral to glomerulus DA4 and dorsolateral to glomerulus VM5. It is larger in males than females (Grabe et al, 2016). Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-anterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. There are two of these, which together lie dorsal to glomerulus VA3, and dorsomedial to glomerulus VA5. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
VA7 glomerulus at the lateral border of the VA7m, dorsomedial to VA5.
VA7 glomerulus at the medial edge of the VA7l, dorsolateral to VA2.
Ventro-central antennal lobe glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsal to the lateral compartment of glomerulus VC3. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-central glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventral to glomerulus VA6, and dorsolateral to glomerulus VA2. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-central antennal lobe glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It is composed of two compartments which together lie dorsal to glomeruli VM1 and VM6, and dorsolateral to glomerulus VM7. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
VC3 glomerulus lateral to VC3m, and immediately dorsal to glomerulus VM7.
VC3 glomerulus medial to VC3l, and immediately dorsal to glomerulus VM6.
Ventro-central antennal lobe glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe.
Ventro-central antennal lobe glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe, dorsal to antennal lobe glomerulus VC3 lateral compartment (Endo et al., 2007). It may be thermo- or hygrosensory rather than olfactory (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020). Bates et al. (2020) state that this is the same as glomerulus VM6.
Ventro-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies in the ventrolateral corner of the antennal lobe ventrolateral to glomerulus VA5 and ventromedial to the anterior compartment of glomerulus VL2. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-lateral glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It is composed of two compartments which together lie dorsolateral to glomerulus VL1. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
VL2 glomerulus at It the dorsoanterior edge of VL2p, ventrolateral to DL2d.
VL2 glomerulus at the ventroposterior edge of VL2a, dorsolateral to VL1.
Ventro-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies at the posterior medioventral corner of the antennal lobe, medial to glomerulus VM6. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-central glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsomedial to glomerulus VA2 and ventromedial to glomerulus VM5. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies at the ventromedial corner of the antennal lobe, ventromedial to glomerulus VA2. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies medial to glomerulus V and ventral to the lateral compartment of glomerulus VC3. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
Ventro-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventromedial to glomerulus VA6 and dorsolateral to glomerulus VM2. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
VM5 glomerulus dorsal to VM5v. It is larger in females than males (Grabe et al, 2016).
VM5 glomerulus ventral to VM5d.
Lateral subdivision of the VM6 glomerulus (Task et al., 2021).
Medial subdivision of the VM6 glomerulus (Task et al., 2021).
Ventral subdivision of the VM6 glomerulus (Task et al., 2021). Most closely matches VM6 described previously to be innervated by coeloconic sensilla (Task et al., 2021).
Ventro-medial glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies ventral to glomerulus DM2 and dorsal to the medial compartment of glomerulus VC3. Based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil specific monoclonal antibody nc82.
VM7 glomerulus dorsal to VM7v.
VM7 glomerulus ventral to VM7d. Note: This glomerulus was not found in all samples when it was originally categorised. ‘antennal lobe glomerulus 1’ (see Couto et al., 1995) has been renamed to VM7v to comply with nomenclature used in Endo et al., 2007.
Glomerulus of the ventro-posterior adult antennal lobe. These glomeruli receive input from non-olfactory sensory (thermosensory or hygrosensory) neurons (Marin et al., 2020).
Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It is located dorsomedial to glomerulus VP3, dorsoposterior to glomerulus V. Discernible with Golgi impregnation or CoCl2 backfills (Stocker et al. 1990), but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, leading to it not being represented in antennal lobe maps (Laissue et al., 1999, Couto et al., 2005) or having its position changed (Chou et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). According to Chou et al (2010) and Yu et al (2010) glomerulus VP1 is located medially to glomerulus VP2. The VP1 glomerulus corresponds to the target region of the Ir40-expressing olfactory sensory neurons, corresponding to the ‘column’ (Silbering et al., 2011). Tanaka et al (2012) identifies a new glomerulus, VP4, as another target region of Ir40a-expressing olfactory sensory neurons, which is innervated by different projection neurons to VP1. Grabe et al. (2015) merge glomeruli VP1 and VM6.
Adult antennal lobe glomerulus dorsal to VP1l and VP1m (Marin et al., 2020). It receives sensory input from Ir40 neurons of sacculus chamber II (Marin et al., 2020). May correspond to the glomerulus originally designated as VP1 (Marin et al., 2020).
Adult antennal lobe glomerulus ventral to VP1d and lateral to VP1m (Marin et al., 2020). It receives sensory input from Ir21a neurons of sacculus chamber I (Marin et al., 2020).
Adult antennal lobe glomerulus medial to VP1d and VP1l (Marin et al., 2020). It receives sensory input from Ir68a neurons of sacculus chamber I (Marin et al., 2020).
Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies just medial to glomerulus VP1. Discernible with Golgi impregnation or CoCl2 backfills (Stocker et al. 1990), but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, leading to it not being represented in antennal lobe maps (Laissue et al., 1999, Couto et al., 2005) or having its position changed (Chou et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). According to Chou et al (2010) glomerulus VP2 is located in between glomeruli VP1 and VP3. In Gallio et al (2011), glomerulus VP2 is described as corresponding to the medial region of the proximal antennal protocerebrum (PAP) which is innervated by hot-sensing neurons.
Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsolateral to glomerulus VP1. Discernible with Golgi impregnation or CoCl2 backfills (Stocker et al. 1990), but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, leading to it not being represented in antennal lobe maps (Laissue et al., 1999, Couto et al., 2005) or having its position changed relative to glomeruli VP1 and VP2 (Chou et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). According to Chou et al (2010) glomerulus VP3 is located laterally to glomerulus VP2. In Gallio et al (2011), glomerulus VP3 is described as corresponding to the lateral region of the proximal antennal protocerebrum (PAP) which is innervated by cold-sensing neurons.
Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsoposterior to glomerulus VP3, ventral to DP1. Discernible with Golgi impregnation, but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, according to Tanaka et al. (2012) this glomerulus corresponds to part of the innervation region of IR40a ORNs, identified as the ‘arm’ by Silbering et al. (2011). Although VP1 and VP4 glomeruli are innervated by IR40a neurons, these correspond to different subsets and are therefore considered different glomeruli (Tanaka et al., 2012).
Small glomerulus of the adult posterior antennal lobe. It lies between VP2 and VP3 and is important in the response to humidity.
Central, non-glomerular region of the adult antennal lobe. It is distinguished from the antennal lobe glomeruli in that olfactory receptor neurons do not terminate here, though antennal lobe projection neurons and many local neurons run through this area. The density of synapses is lower than in the antennal lobe glomeruli.
[antennal lobe on L3 CNS template, Wood2018; L3 CNS template - Wood2018; computer graphic; embryonic/larval antennal lobe]
Adult neuropil domain that receives the axonal projections of the Johnston organ neurons (JONs) (Ito et al., 2014). It is part of the saddle, which is found in a relatively dorsal part of the subesophageal zone (Ito et al., 2014). It develops from the anteriormost (tritocerebral) part of the larval central sensory column, which greatly increases in size as JON axons enter it via the antennal nerve during metamorphosis (Kendroud et al., 2018). Afferents of the JONs also invade the mandibular and maxillary neuromeres (Kendroud et al., 2018).
[antennal mechanosensory and motor center on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[antennal mechanosensory and motor center on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone A is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) formed from bifurcation of the Johnston’s organ bundle. (The other structure arising from this bifurcation is the main trunk of the AMMC (MT)). Zone A is rich in presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons. The cell bodies of zone A Johnston organ neurons are located mainly in the inner layer of Johnston’s organ, directly surrounding the antennal nerve (Kamikouchi et al., 2006). Presence of presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).
Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone B is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) formed from the first bifurcation of the AMMC main trunk. It is rich in presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons (JONs). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).
Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone C is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) that arises from the most lateral half of the bifurcation at the end of the lateral core (LC) bundle (the other half of the bifurcation forms zone D). It is rich in the presynapses of Johnston’s organ neurons (JONs). It is composed of two branches (CM and CL), which merge at their posterior ends (Kamikouchi et al., 2006). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).
Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone D is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) that arises from the bifurcation that terminates the lateral core bundle. (The other half of the bifurcation forms zone C). It is rich in the presynapses of zone D Johnston’s organ neurons (zone D JONs). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).
Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone E is a synapse-rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) that is continuous with the EA bundle. It is rich in presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons (JONs). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).
Sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) with a relatively ventral location within the AMMC (Hampel et al., 2020). It is innervated by neurons that elicit antennal grooming (Hampel et al., 2015; Hampel et al., 2020).
Region of the bulb that lies beneath the mushroom body pedunculus, closer to the somata of the ellipsoid body neurons than the superior and inferior bulb. It is formed by the antero-lateral and inferior extension of the lateral region of the superior bulb.
Region of the adult tritocerebrum that houses the axonal terminals of sensory neurons that enter the brain via the anterior root of the maxillary-labial nerve (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010; Kendroud et al., 2018) including gustatory receptor neurons of labellum sensilla (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). It forms part of the anterior ventral sensory compartment (Kendroud et al., 2018). Three distinct subregions can be identified: a lateral anteriormost zone (AMS1), a lateralmost zone (AMS2) and a medial zone that reaches the midline (AMS3) (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). Carbon-dioxide-sensitive neurons from the medial taste pegs of the labellum (identified in E409-GAL4 and NP107-GAL4) terminate in the AMS1 zone (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010).
Subregion of the anterior maxillary sensory center found dorsoanterior to anterior maxillary sensory center zone 2.
Lateralmost subregion of the anterior maxillary sensory center.
Subregion of the anterior maxillary sensory center found in the medial gnathal ganglion, reaching the midline.
Synaptic neuropil domain of the adult protocerebrum that receives extensive arborizations from visual projection neurons from the lobula and the medulla, projecting via the anterior optic tract. It protrudes from the anterior-most area of the ventro-lateral neuropils and is slightly detached from the ventro-lateral protocerebrum. This neuropil is absent from the larval brain, being formed during pupal development. Otsuna and Ito (2006) suggest that the optic tubercle may be divided into three regions according to the density of arborizations. The medial-most (optu1) and lateral-most (optu3) contain dense arborizations of the Lcn10 neurons, whilst the area between these regions (optu2) is essentially devoid of the lobula columnar neurons.
[anterior optic tubercle on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[anterior optic tubercle on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Anterior subregion of the superior lateral protocerebrum. Boundaries defined by Ito et al. (2014) (used to define this term) differ slightly from those defined for mslpr in Otsuna and Ito, 2006. There is no prominent natural boundary that clearly separates the posterior and anterior superior lateral protocerebrum. A frontal plane extrapolated from the boundary of the PVLP and PLP, which corresponds to the anterioposterior level of the great commissure, is used as a practical boundary.
Region of the superior medial protocerebrum anterior to the fan-shaped body. Because the fan-shaped body protrudes deeply into the SMP, its superior apex is used as a practical boundary landmark between anterior and posterior superior medial protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).
[computer graphic; embryonic/larval anterior superior medial protocerebrum; L3 CNS template - Wood2018; anterior superior medial protocerebrum on L3 CNS template, Wood2018]
An aglomerular, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the adult ventrolateral protocerebrum (VLP) that protrudes from the anterior brain between the optic lobe and the antennal lobe. It is located in front of the posterior VLP and below the anterior optic tubercle and superior clamp. It receives input from neurons projecting from the optic lobe.
[computer graphic; anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum on adult brain template Ito2014]
[anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
[embryonic/larval anterior ventromedial cerebrum; anterior ventromedial cerebrum on L3 CNS template, Wood2018; L3 CNS template - Wood2018; computer graphic]
Thin, elongated, antler-shaped, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain spanning from the inferior bridge to the inferior edge of the superior lateral protocerebrum. It runs through the space between the protocerebral bridge and the fan-shaped body, along the medial surface of the medial antennal lobe tract. The antler corresponds to part of the medial part of the pimpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and to the dorsal part of the caudalcentral protocerebrum (CCP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to part of the posterior inferior protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).
[antler on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[antler on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
[anterior optic tubercle; AOTU on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic]
[anterior optic tubercle; AOTU(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
Round synaptic neuropil of the central complex, adjacent to the ventralmost layer (1) of the fan-shaped body and dorsal to the noduli, on either side of the midline (Wolff and Rubin, 2018). The right asymmetrical body is, on average, 4x larger (by volume) than the left and some neurons have a bias towards the right hemisphere in their innervation patterns (Pascual et al., 2004; Jenett et al., 2012; Wolff and Rubin, 2018). In a small proportion (7.6%) of wild-type flies, this structure is symmetrical, with prominent (right side-like) innervation in both hemispheres (Pascual et al., 2004). This structure was identified by the expression of the neural protein fasciclin II (FasII) (Pascual et al., 2004). Wolff and Rubin (2018) claim this is a distinct neuropil to the fan-shaped body based on the restriction of neuronal arbors to one or the other.
[antler; computer graphic; ATL on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[ATL(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; antler; computer graphic]
[antler; ATL(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[AVLP on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic; anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum]
[AVLP(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum]
[adult mushroom body beta'-lobe; computer graphic; b'L on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[adult mushroom body beta'-lobe; computer graphic; b'L(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[adult mushroom body beta'-lobe; computer graphic; b'L(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[mushroom body beta' lobe slice 1; is part of; b'1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[mushroom body beta' lobe slice 2; is part of; adult brain; b'2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[b1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; mushroom body beta lobe slice 1; adult brain]
[mushroom body beta lobe slice 2; is part of; adult brain; b2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[bL on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; adult mushroom body beta-lobe; computer graphic]
[bL(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult mushroom body beta-lobe; computer graphic]
[adult mushroom body beta-lobe; bL(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[BU on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic; bulb]
[BU(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; bulb]
[BU(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; bulb; computer graphic]
A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain located lateral to the ellipsoid body and anterior lateral to the fan-shaped body. It contains 80 microglomeruli characterized by their granular texture. It is formed primarily by the collateral arborizations of neuronal fibers that project to the ellipsoid body and by the terminals of the fibers projecting from the anterior optic tubercle and other neuropils. The bulb corresponds to the medial part of the mimpr of Otsuna and Ito, (2006) and to the lateral triangle of Chiang et al., (2011) (Ito et al., 2014).
[computer graphic; bulb on adult brain template Ito2014]
[bulb on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
[CA on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; calyx of adult mushroom body; computer graphic]
[CA(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; calyx of adult mushroom body]
[CA(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; calyx of adult mushroom body]
Mushroom body calyx of the mature adult mushroom body.
[calyx of adult mushroom body on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[calyx of adult mushroom body on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Calyx of the larval mushroom body. It contains dendrites of the larval Kenyon cells (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009; Saumweber et al., 2018). It is organized into around 34 glomeruli, each innervated by a single projection neuron (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
[calyx of larval mushroom body; L3 CNS template - Wood2018; calyx of mushroom body on L3 CNS template, Wood2018; computer graphic]
[cantle; computer graphic; CAN on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[CAN(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; cantle]
A small, bilaterally paired, triangular synaptic neuropil domain that lies at the posterior end of the saddle. It is clearly demarcated by glial boundaries. The name ‘cantle’ was taken from the seat-back part of the horse-riding saddle. The cantle corresponds to the ventroposterior part of the ventromedial protocerebrum (VMP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to the posterior periesophageal neuropils (Ito et al., 2014).
[cantle on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[cantle on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Region of synaptic neuropil consisting of the fan-shaped body and the ellipsoid body.
[central body on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Central, most posterior, protrusion of layer 1 of the fan-shaped body at its ventral margin (Wolff et al., 2015). There is one of these teeth per fan-shaped body and it spans both hemispheres (Wolff et al., 2015).
Synaptic neuropil domain lying between the fan-shaped body, the protocerebral bridge and mushroom body pedunculus, including the area above and below the pedunculus (the space occupied by the pedunculus forms a deep tunnel-like recess on its inferior lateral side). Few neurons in the clamp penetrate the pedunculus, but some enter the glomerular posterior lateral protocerebrum and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (PLP, PVLP), forming a characteristic cylindrical architecture around the pedunculus. Some fibers spanning the superior surface project into the superior arch commissure.
[clamp on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
[embryonic/larval clamp; L3 CNS template - Wood2018; computer graphic; clamp on L3 CNS template, Wood2018]
Middle layer of the third instar larval mushroom body, encompassing the pedunculus and lobes. It is surrounded by the inner layer. The larval-born alpha'/beta' type Kenyon cells are contained in this layer. This layer was identified by staining with a FasII antibody. The core layer is FasII-negative (Pauls et al., 2010; Kurusu et al., 2002).
[adult crepine; CRE on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic]
[adult crepine; is part of; CRE(-ROB,-RUB)(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[adult crepine; is part of; CRE(-RUB)(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[adult crepine; CRE(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[adult crepine; CRE(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[adult crepine; computer graphic; crepine on adult brain template Ito2014]
[adult crepine; crepine on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
[computer graphic; L3 CNS template - Wood2018; crepine on L3 CNS template, Wood2018; embryonic/larval crepine]
Smallest and most lateral protrusion of layer 1 of the fan-shaped body at its ventral margin (Wolff et al., 2015). There is one per hemisphere and it lies ventral and anterior to its nearest neighbor (Wolff et al., 2015). The ‘cryptic teeth’ that are elusive in that they are not evident in nc82-labeled samples, but only in specimens with the right combination of labeled cells (Wolff et al., 2015).
[adult mushroom body dorsal accessory calyx; is part of; dACA(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
Distal region of the larval optic neuropil, closest to the entry point of the Bolwig nerve. It contains the terminals of the Rh6 photoreceptors. The distal LON in Sprecher et al., 2011 (FBrf0215208) also included the intermediate LON; these were separated in Larderet et al., 2017.
Dorsal subdomain of the gall.
Poorly defined region surrounding the dorsal gall that houses the arbors of the adult ellipsoid body-dorsal gall surround neurons (Wolff et al., 2015).
Optic column that maps to a single dorsal rim area ommatidium.
[EB on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic; ellipsoid body]
[EB on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; ellipsoid body]
[ellipsoid body inner posterior domain; EBr1 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic]
[ellipsoid body outer central domain; is part of; adult brain; EBr2r4 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[EBr3am on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; ellipsoid body inner central domain; computer graphic]
[EBr3d on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; ellipsoid body inner central domain; computer graphic]
[ellipsoid body inner posterior domain; is part of; adult brain; EBr3pw on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[EBr5 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; ellipsoid body anterior domain; computer graphic]
[EBr6 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic; ellipsoid body outer posterior domain]
A doughnut shaped synaptic neuropil domain of the central complex of the adult brain that lies just anterior to the fan-shaped body. Its hole (the ellipsoid body canal) points anteriorly and has an axon tract (the anterior bundle) running through it. It is divided into concentric layers and into 16 radial segments, 8 per hemisphere, numbered 1-8 from superior medial to inferior medial (Ito et al., 2014).
Small, most anterior subdivision of the ellipsoid body. It contains the arborizations of R5 ring neurons, and no other R-neurons (Omoto et al., 2017; Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘anterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘anterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBa, EBic and EBoc, collectively. The ‘anterior shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) contains only EBa (Omoto et al., 2018).
Dorsalmost tile of the ellipsoid body, spanning both hemispheres (Wolff et al., 2015).
Dorsolateral tile of the ellipsoid body, between the dorsal and lateral tiles, there is one per hemisphere (Wolff et al., 2015).
Concentric subdivision of the ellipsoid body that lies anteriorly in the inner part of the ellipsoid body (Renn et al., 1999; Lin et al., 2013; Omoto et al., 2018). It contains the arborizations of R3a, R3d and R3m ring neurons (Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘anterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘anterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBa, EBic and EBoc, collectively. The ‘medial shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) refers to EBic and EBoc (Omoto et al., 2018). Lin et al. (2013) included R2 neuron arborizations in this (EBA) domain, but Renn et al. (1999) and Omoto et al. (2018) assign them to the outer domain (EBoc).
Inner concentric subdivision of the posterior part of the ellipsoid body. It contains the arborization of R1 ring neurons, which mark the boundary between the inner and outer posterior domains (Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘posterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘posterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBop and EBip collectively. The ‘posterior shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) also refers to EBop and EBip collectively (Omoto et al., 2018).
Lateralmost tile of the ellipsoid body, there is one per hemisphere (Wolff et al., 2015).
A concentric subdivision of the ellipsoid body resulting from the arborization patterns of the ring neurons (FBbt:00003649). Nomenclature for the layers is not consistent. Layers have been updated to correspond to Omoto et al. (2018), who claim to have a mostly complete map of R-neuron arborizations and provide mappings to previous terminology [FBC:CP].
A protuberance of the ellipsoid body on its dorsal anterior face (Wolff et al., 2015).
[computer graphic; ellipsoid body on adult brain template Ito2014]
[computer graphic; ellipsoid body on adult brain template JFRC2]
Outer concentric subdivision of the ellipsoid body. It contains the arborization of R2, R4d and R4m ring neurons (Renn et al., 1999; Young and Armstrong, 2010; Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘anterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘anterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBa, EBic and EBoc, collectively. The ‘medial shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) refers to EBic and EBoc (Omoto et al., 2018). Lin et al. (2013) do not seem to include R2 neurons in the outer ring (EBO), but they are included by Renn et al. (1999) and by Omoto et al. (2018), who claim that EBO corresponds to EBoc.
Concentric subdivision of the ellipsoid body that lies posteriorly, distal to the canal (Omoto et al., 2018). It contains the arborization of R6 ring neurons (Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘posterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘posterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBop and EBip collectively. The ‘posterior shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) also refers to EBop and EBip collectively (Omoto et al., 2018). This region was defined (as EBP) by Lin et al. (2013), but no R ring neurons known at the time arborized here.
A radial subdivision of the ellipsoid body arising from the arborization patterns of small field radial fibers. There are 16 of these per ellipsoid body, 8 per hemisphere numbered 1-8, from superior medial to inferior medial.
Top-most ellipsoid body slice.
Second from top-most ellipsoid body slice.
Third from top-most ellipsoid body slice.
Fourth from top-most ellipsoid body slice.
Fifth from top-most ellipsoid body slice.
Sixth from top-most ellipsoid body slice.
Seventh from top-most ellipsoid body slice.
Bottom-most ellipsoid body slice.
Any synaptic neuropil subdomain (FBbt:00040006) that is part of some ellipsoid body (FBbt:00003678).
A radial subdivision of the ellipsoid body (EB) posterior shell (outer and inner posterior domains). There are 8 of these per EB, with the dorsal and ventral tiles spanning both hemispheres (Wolff et al., 2018). Each tile is connected to two protocerebral bridge (PB) glomeruli by each EB tile cell type with glomerular arbors in the PB (Wolff et al., 2015).
Ventralmost tile of the ellipsoid body, spanning both hemispheres (Wolff et al., 2015).
Ventrolateral tile of the ellipsoid body, between the ventral and lateral tiles, there is one per hemisphere (Wolff et al., 2015).
Paired synaptic neuropil domain of the larval deutocerebrum, located ventral to the mushroom body, that is the major target of innervation for axons carried by the antennal nerve. It is also connected to the antero-basal tract (ABT). Its posterior boundary contacts the lateral accessory lobe, ventromedial cerebrum, ventrolateral protocerebrum and periesophageal neuropils. It is the larval counterpart of the adult antennal lobe, and consists of around 22 glomeruli. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
Antennal lobe glomerulus of the larva. There are 21 glomeruli, each innervated by a single type of olfactory receptor neuron (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
A synaptic neuropil subdomain of the larval brain that is located anterior and dorsal to the medial lobe of the mushroom body, and which is separated from the posterior superior medial protocerebrum by a neuropil glial sheath slightly posterior to the vertical lobe of the mushroom body. It is the larval counterpart of the adult anterior superior medial protocerebrum. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domains comes from a personal communication from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
The anterior part of the ventromedial cerebrum (BPM). It abuts the posterior ventromedial cerebrum (VMCp) at the coronal slice level of the Great Commissure, (GC, BLAv1,BLD5; Pereanu et al. 2010). Ventrally, the boundary with the tritocerebrum (centro-medial and dorsal compartments) is defined by a somewhat curved, more or less axial plane defined by the tracts loVL (Balp2/3; Hartenstein et al., 2015) , loVM (Bamv1/2; Hartenstein et al., 2015) and the BAla3 tract (Kumar et al., 2009). Medially, an extension of the centro-medial tritocerebrum is separated from the VMCa by the loVM (BAmv1/2) fascicle and a glial septum (Pereanu et al., 2006); more posteriorly, this boundary continues as a discontinuity in synaptic density (e.g. as assayed using the presynaptic marker bruchpilot). Laterally, the VMCa borders the lateral accessory lobe (LAL), separated by a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the deCP (DALd; posteriorly) and loVM (Bamv1/2; anteriorly) (Pereanu et al., 2006). At a more posterior level, the Ventro Lateral Protocerebrum (VLP) flanks the VMCa laterally, with the boundary along that of the posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP)-VMCp, i.e. a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the LEFp (CP1v; posteriorly) and the loVL (Balp2/3; anteriorly) fascicles. The medial clamp borders the VMCa dorso-laterally with a virtual axial plane intersecting the MEF (CM1,3,4, medially) and LEFp (CP1v, laterally) fascicles constituting the boundary (Hartenstein et al., 2015). The Crepine borders dorsally, the boundary extending along the DALv2/3 (Hartenstein et al., 2015), DALcl1 and BAmd1v lineage tracts and the commissural fascicle SuEC (DALcl1v; Hartenstein et al., 2015). The lower toe (medial appendix of larval mushroom body) is dorso-medial. A region of low synaptic density separates the VMCa from the primordial fan-shaped body.
A synaptic neuropil domain of the larval brain located posterior to the medial lobe of the mushroom body. It is separated from the posterior inferior protocerebrum by the antenno-cerebral tract and peduncle. Its axons project mainly into the posterior transverse tract and it receives a branch of the antenno-cerebral tract. It is the larval counterpart of the adult clamp. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
Small synaptic neuropil domain of the larval protocerebrum that is located anterior to the medial mushroom body lobe. It contains numerous fine axons which project medially and contribute to the anterior transverse tract (ATT) and the medial cervical tract (MCT). It is the larval counterpart of the adult crepine. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
The primordium of the adult fan-shaped body in the larval posterior inferior protocerebrum (IPp or CPM). It consists of a bilaterally symmetrical slightly curved, horizontal, bar-shaped structure of tufts of filopodia, with undifferentiated synapses, branching off axon bundles stretching from the midline region posterior and adjacent to the mushroom body medial lobe, to a plexus slightly medial to the peduncle. In the late larval brain both halves are interconnected by a plexus of commissural fibers. It is formed by fan-shaped body pioneer neurons in the embryo/early larva and grows during larval development as it is invaded by secondary neurons (Andrade et al., 2019).
One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This medially located compartment is posterior to the antennal lobe. It is the larval counterpart of the adult lateral accessory lobe. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
Subregion of the larval superior lateral protocerebrum (CPLd) that will give rise to the adult lateral horn. It is defined by the axonal arbors of the olfactory uniglomerular projection neurons.
Region of the ventrolateral domain of a larval thoracic neuromere that will give rise to the adult leg neuropil (Hartenstein et al., 2018). It increases in size during larval development (Hartenstein et al., 2018).
Mushroom body (MB) of the larva. It only has two lobes, medial and vertical, in contrast to the adult MB, which has five lobes (Lee et al., 1999). Both lobes are composed of gamma neurons, which are the only Kenyon cells (KCs) present in the newly hatched first instar (Kunz et al., 2012). MB neuroblasts continue to produce new KCs throughout the larval stages (Lee et al., 1999). These new KCs form layers in the larval MB peduncle and lobes, with four distinguishable layers present in the third instar (Kurusu et al., 2002). Three types of KCs can be identified in these layers: embryonic-born gamma type (surface layer), larval-born gamma type (outer and inner layers) and larval-born alpha'/beta' type (core layer) neurons (Kurusu et al., 2002). During the pupal stage, alpha/beta KCs are produced and the larval MB is remodeled into the adult MB (Lee et al., 1999). The four layers in the pedunculus and lobes were identified by staining with a FasII antibody. The surface layer is partially FasII-negative, the outer and inner layers are FasII-positive and the core is FasII-negative (Selcho et al., 2009; Kurusu et al., 2002).
A small primordium in the larval brain that will give rise to the adult noduli. It appears as a ventrally directed process of the lateral primordial fan-shaped body. It is demarcated from the surrounding medial clamp and crepine by different the different concentration of synapses (e.g. as assayed by Bruchpilot expression). It develops from elements of the DPMm1, DPMpm1/2 and CM4 lineages.
One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This compartment contacts the antennal lobe posteriorly and guides the medial cervical tract (MCT). It is the larval counterpart of the adult periesophageal neuropils. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
A synaptic neuropil domain of the larval brain located posterior to the medial lobe of the mushroom body. It is separated from the clamp by the antenno-cerebral tract to which it is connected via a branch. Most of the posterior inferior protocerebrum (CPM domain) is displaced during pupal development. The region at the most posterior edge remains and gives rise to part of the adult posterior inferior protocerebrum. The adult central complex arises from secondary axonal tracts of several lineages that invade the CPM, forming dense layers of neuropil and displacing it. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domain is a PC from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
A synaptic neuropil domain located ventro-postero-laterally in the larval central brain (posterior part of BPL). Anteriorly, the great commissure (BLAv1,BLD5) defines the boundary, in the coronal plane, with the ventrolateral protocerebrum (VLP). Dorsally, there is a slim border with the superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP). Medially, a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the CP1v tract and the Balp2/3 tract separates the this domain from the ventromedial cerebrum (VMCp). Laterally, a glial septum and BLP1/2 tract separates it from the lobula. The clamp is dorso-medial and laterally, the boundary is a continuation posteriorly of the clamp-VLP border i.e. the virtual plane defined by the LEFp(CP1v) and PLF(CP2/3v) fascicles to LEFa(DALv1) fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). The superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) forms a slim ventral border with the PLP, which is defined by the entry point of the trSI(BLD1-4) fascicle; in addition, a higher synaptic density (e.g. as assayed using the presynaptic marker bruchpilot) demarcates the posterior SLP from the PLP. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domain is a PC from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
A synaptic neuropil subdomain of the larval brain that is located posterior and dorsal to the medial lobe of the mushroom body and which is separated from the anterior superior medial protocerebrum by a neuropil glial sheath slightly posterior to the vertical lobe of the mushroom body. Axons from this compartment converge with those from part of the clamp (CPL) to form the posterior transverse tract (PTT). It is the larval counterpart of the adult posterior superior medial protocerebrum. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domains comes from a personal communication from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
The posterior part of the ventromedial cerebrum (BPM). It borders the posterior Inferior Protocerebrum (IPp) dorso-medially, the boundary defined by the DPPT(DPMl1) fascicle and a virtual axial plane drawn from the MEF medially to the medial neuropil edge. The medial clamp is bordered dorso-laterally of the VMCp, the boundary given as a virtual axial plane intersecting the MEF(CM1,3,4, medially) and LEFp(CP1v, laterally) fascicles (Hartenstein et al., 2015). The posterior lateral Protocerebrum (PLP) is lateral, the boundary a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the LEFp (CP1v; posteriorly) and the loVL (Balp2/3; anteriorly) fascicles. The VMCp is posterior of the anterior ventromedial cerebrum (VMCa), the split define by the coronal slice level of the Great Commissure, GC (BLAv1,BLD5).
The primordium of the adult protocerebral bridge in the larval brain, formed from the DPMm1 and DPMpm1/2 and CM4 lineages. Unlike in the adult, this exists as a bilateral pair of separate domains that do not join across the midline. These domains are tubular shaped regions containing both differentiated and undifferentiated synapses, in the posterior inferior protocerebrum (IPp or CPM). Each domain curls around the dorsal side from the posterior, growing during the larval period towards the midline. Fusion of the two halves, just posterior to the PLPC (DPLp1) commissure and fan-shaped body, only occurs 48h after pupariation.
Chemosensory neuron target area located at the midline of the larval subesophageal ganglion (SOG). This area receives input from pharyngeal chemosensory neurons (the dorsal pharyngeal sense organ, the dorsal pharyngeal organ, and the posterior pharyngeal sense organ) (Colomb et al., 2007).
Large chemosensory target area located adjacent to area 1 of the larval subesophageal ganglion. This region receives input from the dorsal pharyngeal sense organ, the ventral pharyngeal sense organ, the posterior pharyngeal sense organ, the dorsal pharyngeal organ, the terminal organ, and the ventral pharyngeal sense organ (Colomb et al., 2007).
Small chemosensory target area located laterally in the larval subesophageal ganglion. This region receives input from non-olfactory neurons of the dorsal organ and from thoracic projections originating in the Kolbchen (also called the ‘ventral pit’; Colomb et al., 2007).
Large chemosensory target area of the larval subesophageal ganglion, located adjacent to the antennal lobes. One or a few neurites from dorsal pharyngeal sense organ neuron(s), and an atypical dorsal organ neuron whose dendrites extend into the terminal organ, target this region (Colomb et al., 2007).
A small synaptic neuropil that has the shape of a hemi-cylinder. It flanks the mushroom body vertical lobe laterally and posteriorly, where it wedges in between superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) and superior medial protocerebrum (SMPp). Its boundary can be followed posteriorly from the SLP-prAOTU boundary (at the DALd lineage entry point), past the distal segment (internal, lateral) curve of the trSA (DPLal1-3) and continuing further posteriorly until the entry point of DPLc. It borders the lateral clamp and (briefly) crepine compartments and (very anteriorly and ventrally) the spur. It is distinguishable from these by its higher density of synapses (e.g. as assayed by Bruchpilot expression).
A thin layer or neuropil of the larval brain that forms during the third instar from a dorsal region of the clamp by growth of a neuropil glial sheath across it. It is the precursor to the adult superior lateral and intermediate protocerebrum and lateral horn domains. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
A synaptic neuropil domain of the larval brain that is located dorsal to the medial lobe of the mushroom body. It is the larval counterpart of the adult superior medial protocerebrum. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This compartment contacts the antennal lobe posteriorly, and is lateral to the lateral accessory lobe and ventromedial cerebrum. It grows anteriorly during larval development. It is the larval counterpart of the adult ventrolateral protocerebrum. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domains comes from a personal communication from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This medially located compartment contacts the antennal lobe posteriorly. The lateral cervical tract ascends through the center of this compartment. It is the larval counterpart of the adult ventromedial neuropils. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.
[epaulette; EPA on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic]
[epaulette; EPA(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic]
[epaulette; computer graphic; EPA(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
A small, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the ventral complex, lying below the inferior clamp and superior-lateral to the vest. The name is taken from the ornamental shoulder piece of military generals based on its shape and position relative to other sartorially named domains of the ventral complex. The epaulette corresponds to part of the inferior region of the vmpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and the part of the precommissural ventromedial cerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).
[computer graphic; epaulette on adult brain template Ito2014]
[epaulette on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
The largest synaptic neuropil domain of the adult central complex, located posterior to the ellipsoid body and anterior to the protocerebral bridge (Hanesch et al., 1989; Wolff et al., 2015). The fan-shaped body is composed of a rough 2-dimensional grid of layers and columns (Hanesch et al., 1998; Wolff et al., 2015; Hulse et al., 2020). Eight horizontal layers, numbered bottom to top, form a fan shape and can be divided into vertical columns (sometimes called staves, slices or segments) (Ito et al., 2014; Wolff et al., 2015). An additional, much narrower, 9th layer, which lacks a columnar organization, sits dorsal to layer 8 (Wolff et al., 2015). The number of columns varies for different neuronal types (Scheffer et al., 2020). Previously thought to be 8 slices per hemisphere numbered from 1-8 medial to lateral - arranged in 4 closely associated pairs (Ito et al., 2014). Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z (Boyan and Williams, 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008). Six to nine layers can be identified, depending on the staining that is used (Hanesch et al., 1989; Young and Armstrong, 2010; Kahsai and Winther, 2011, Lin et al., 2013, Wolff et al., 2015). Recent papers divide the FB into 9 layers (Wolff et al., 2015; Scheffer et al., 2020).
[embryonic/larval fan-shaped body - primordial; fan-shaped body - primordial on L3 CNS template, Wood2018; computer graphic; L3 CNS template - Wood2018]
Horizontal, laminar subdivision of the fan-shaped body that results from the stratification of large field neurons. There are 8 layers that run parallel to each other increasing in width dorsally to form a fan shape (Ito et al., 2014). There is additionally a ‘cap’ (layer 9) that sits dorsal to layer 8 and is narrower than the other layers (Wolff et al., 2015). Based on silver staining, Hanesch et al., (1989) claim that there are 6 layers in the fan-shaped body (1-6 from top to bottom). In more recent work using the synaptic marker Nc82, Young and Armstrong (2010) state that there are ‘roughly 8 layers’, but note that ‘establishing specific layers clearly’ can often prove difficult. Lin et al. (2013) define 6 layers (a-f, from top to bottom). This ontology currently follows Ito et al. (2014), which divides the fan-shaped body into 8 layers, numbering them from bottom to top. We additionally have the extra dorsal layer (9) defined by Wolff et al., (2015).
Ventral-most layer of the fan-shaped body.
Second-most ventral layer of the fan-shaped body.
Third-most ventral layer of the fan-shaped body.
Fourth-most ventral layer of the fan-shaped body.
Fifth-most ventral layer of the fan-shaped body. It is involved in dialect training (Kacsoh et al., 2019).
Sixth-most ventral layer of the fan-shaped body.
Seventh-most ventral layer of the fan-shaped body.
Eighth-most ventral layer of the fan-shaped body. It is the widest layer and the most dorsal layer with a columnar architecture (Wolff et al., 2015).
Narrow layer of the fan-shaped body dorsal to layer 8. It spans only the medial sixth of the fan-shaped body and does not have a columnar organization (Wolff et al., 2015).
[computer graphic; fan-shaped body on adult brain template Ito2014]
[fan-shaped body on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Most lateral segment pair of the fan-shaped body. Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group W corresponds to A and H in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 7 and 8 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 4 in Lin et al. (2013).
Second most lateral segment group of the fan-shaped body. Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group X corresponds to B and G in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 5 and 6 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 3 in Lin et al. (2013).
Third segment pair of the fan-shaped body (counting from lateral to medial). Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group Y corresponds to C and F in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 3 and 4 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 2 in Lin et al. (2013).
Medial-most segment pair of the fan-shaped body. Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group Z corresponds to D and E in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 1 and 2 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 1 in Lin et al. (2013).
Subdivision of the fan-shaped body along the transverse axis resulting from the arrangement of vertical fibers. Slices are well defined in inferior layers, but are more relaxed in layers 4-8 and are not apparent in layer 9 (Wolff et al., 2015). The number of vertical columns (slices) varies for different types of neuron (Scheffer et al., 2020). Pairs of adjacent segments in the fan-shaped body are closely associated, forming segment pairs that are more easily discernible than individual segments.
Medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008). Lin et al., (2013) names these four groups from 1 to 4, from medial to lateral.
Second medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).
Third medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).
Fourth medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).
Fourth lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).
Third lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).
Second lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).
Lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).
[fan-shaped body; computer graphic; FB on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[fan-shaped body; FB on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[fan-shaped body; is part of; adult brain; FB-column3 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[computer graphic; FBl1 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; fan-shaped body layer 1]
[fan-shaped body layer 2; FBl2 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic]
[fan-shaped body layer 3; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic; FBl3 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[fan-shaped body layer 4; is part of; adult brain; FBl4 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[fan-shaped body layer 5; FBl5 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic]
[FBl6 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; fan-shaped body layer 6; adult brain; computer graphic]
[FBl7 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; fan-shaped body layer 7; is part of; adult brain; computer graphic]
[FBl8 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; fan-shaped body layer 8; adult brain; computer graphic]
[computer graphic; is part of; fan-shaped body layer 9; adult brain; FBl9 on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[FLA on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; flange; computer graphic]
[flange; computer graphic; FLA(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
A small, bilaterally paired, triangular synaptic neuropil domain that lies above the anterior end of the saddle, on both sides of the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). It lies at the root of the median bundle, behind the prow (Ito et al., 2014). It forms the dorsal part of the adult tritocerebrum, developing from the centromedial and dorsal domains of the larval tritocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2018). The flange corresponds to the dorsoposterior part of the subesophageal ganglion (SOG) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to part of the anterior periesophageal neuropils (Ito et al., 2014).
[computer graphic; flange on adult brain template Ito2014]
[flange on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
[mushroom body gamma lobe slice 1; is part of; g1(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[is part of; mushroom body gamma lobe slice 2; g2(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[mushroom body gamma lobe slice 3; is part of; g3(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[mushroom body gamma lobe slice 4; g4(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; is part of; adult brain]
[is part of; mushroom body gamma lobe slice 5; g5(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[gall; computer graphic; GA on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[GA(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; gall]
A small region that protrudes from the superior-lateral tip of the lateral accessory lobe, just medial to the ventro-lateral protocerebrum and beneath the spur of the mushroom body. It is densely packed with synapses and sparsely surrounded by glia. Three distinct subunits can be recognized: ventral, dorsal and tip.
[gall on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Poorly defined region surrounding the gall that houses the arbors of some central complex neurons (Wolff et al., 2015; Hulse et al., 2020). Synapses of some neurons in this region have an elongated-bar morphology and contain dense core vesicles, suggestive of neuropeptide or neuromodulator release (Hulse et al., 2020).
Minor subdomain of the gall, located posteriodorsally on the dorsal gall.
[adult mushroom body gamma-lobe; gL on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic]
[adult mushroom body gamma-lobe; computer graphic; gL(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain]
[adult mushroom body gamma-lobe; gL(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
Roundish subunit structure of synaptic neuropil, often ensheathed by glial lamellae and reflecting the terminal arborization domain(s) of one or more neurons.
Subdivision of a glomerulus, partially delimited from the glomerulus of which it is a part, by a thin neuropil glial sheath.
[gorget; computer graphic; GOR on JRC2018Unisex adult brain]
[gorget; GOR(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[GOR(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; gorget; computer graphic]
A thin plate-like, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain that protrudes medially from below the inferior clamp to the area between the great commissure and the central body. Its medial tip extends towards the noduli. The name gorget is taken from the name for a steel collar used to protect one’s throat. The position of the gorget corresponds to the throat if the vest and epaulette are respectively taken to be body and shoulders. The gorget corresponds to part of the inferior region of the vmpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and to the supracommissural ventromedial cerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).
[computer graphic; gorget on adult brain template Ito2014]
[gorget on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
.
Dorsal portion of the metathoracic segment (T3) of the adult ventral nerve cord (Namiki et al., 2018). It is part of the upper tectulum (Court et al., 2020). Somatosensory neurons of the haltere terminate in parts of this neuropil (Tsubouchi et al., 2017).
[adult ventral nerve cord; JRC2018UnisexVNC; is part of; haltere tectulum on adult VNC, JRC2018VU; haltere neuropil; computer graphic]
[inferior bridge; IB on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic]
[IB on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic; inferior bridge]
[inferior clamp; ICL on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic]
[inferior clamp; ICL(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
[ICL(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; inferior clamp; computer graphic]
Posterior-most synaptic neuropil domain of the midline. It is the only synaptic neuropil domain outside of the central complex that is fused across the midline. It is located behind the fan-shaped body and below the protocerebral bridge. The IB corresponds to part of the superior spsl of Otsuna and Ito (2006). The IB also corresponds to the ventral part of the caudalcentral protocerebrum (CCP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to part of the posterior inferior protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).
[computer graphic; inferior bridge on adult brain template Ito2014]
[inferior bridge on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Region of the bulb that lies in an inferior position between the mushroom body pedunculus and the ellipsoid body. It contains many small glomeruli.
Inferior (ventral) part of the clamp, between the pedunculus and the central complex. It is located below the superior ellipsoid commissure (SEC) and superior arch commissure (SAC). Different regions of the ICL correspond to the subdivisions of the impr and vmpr (Otsuna and Ito, 2006). The anterior and posterior regions of the superior ICL match part of impr; the inferior ICL match part of vmpr. The ICL also corresponds to the dorsomedial protocerebrum (DMP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to the ventral inferior protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).
[inferior clamp on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[inferior clamp on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Block of synaptic neuropil domains in the adult brain located below the superior neuropils, around the level of the mushroom body medial lobe and pedunculus. It includes the antler, clamp, crepine and inferior bridge.
[inferior neuropils on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Region of the subesophageal zone of the adult brain containing terminals of peripheral axons from the inferior branch of the pharyngeal and accessory pharyngeal nerves. Two distinct subregions can be identified: one dorsal to the AMS1 (VPS1) and another medial to AMS1 and dorsal to AMS3 (VPS2).
Inferior (ventral) part of the posterior slope. It flanks both sides of the esophagus, and is posterior and medial to the wedge. Below the plane of the inferior VLP commissure and the posterior optic commissure. The IPS corresponds to part of the psl of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and to the ventral postcommissural ventromedial cerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).
[inferior posterior slope on adult brain template Ito2014; computer graphic]
[inferior posterior slope on adult brain template JFRC2; computer graphic]
Inner layer of the third instar larval mushroom body, encompassing the pedunculus and lobes. It is surrounded by the outer layer. Part of the larval-born gamma type Kenyon cells are contained in this layer. This layer was identified by staining with a FasII antibody. The inner layer is FasII-positive. At the second larval instar, the outer and inner layers are part of the same middle layer (Pauls et al., 2010; Kurusu et al., 2002).
Layers 8-10 of the medulla.
Intermediate region of the larval optic neuropil, between the distal and proximal LON regions. It contains the terminals of the Rh5 photoreceptors. The distal LON in Sprecher et al., 2011 (FBrf0215208) also included the intermediate LON; these were separated in Larderet et al., 2017.
Adult neuropil region spanning the three thoracic neuromeres, ventral to the neck, wing and haltere neuropils of the upper tectulum and dorsal to the lower tectulum (Namiki et al., 2018; Court et al., 2020). It extends from the prothoracic medial ventral association center to the posterior margin of the mesothoracic neuromere at the commissure of fine fibers (Court et al., 2020). Referred to as ‘tectulum’ by Namiki et al. (2018), but does not exactly correspond to Power’s (1948) tectulum (FBbt:00007727). Originally named ‘upper tectulum’, as this was the upper of two ‘tectulum’ layers in Namiki et al. (2018), but this region is the intermediate layer of Court et al. (2020).
[adult ventral nerve cord; JRC2018UnisexVNC; synaptic neuropil domain; is part of; intermediate tectulum on adult VNC, JRC2018VU; computer graphic]
Medialmost part of the larval mushroom body medial lobe, which forms a compartment defined by the innervation pattern of mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MBINs and MBONs) (Saumweber et al., 2018). This appears to be within the M1 region described by Pauls et al., 2010. Unclear how well shaft, upper toe, intermediate toe, lower toe terminology from Saumweber et al., 2018 (FlyBase:FBrf0238440) maps to M2, M1 and medial appendix from Pauls et al., 2010 (FlyBase:FBrf0211533) [FBC:CP].
The narrowest region of the anterior optic tubercle with weaker synaptic labelling (Ito et al., 2014). It lies in between the lateral and medial zones (Omoto et al., 2017).
[inferior posterior slope; IPS on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; computer graphic]
[inferior posterior slope; IPS(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; computer graphic]
Region that spans the labial and maxillary neuromeres of the adult brain and contains the terminals of sensory neurons that enter via the posterior and intermediate posterior roots of the maxillary-labial nerve (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010; Kendroud et al., 2018), including some gustatory neurons of the labellum (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). Three distinct subregions can be identified: a posterior zone (LS1), a ventral protrusion on the posterior side of LS1 (LS2) and an anterior medial zone (LS3) (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). It develops from the anterior part of the larval ventromedial sensory center (the posterior part is pinched off and remains in the ventral nerve cord) (Kendroud et al., 2018).
Main, dorsal subregion of the labial sensory center.
Ventral protrusion of the labial sensory center (LS), ventral to LS zone 1.
Segregated anterior medial region of the labial sensory center.
[is part of; lACA(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult mushroom body lateral accessory calyx; adult brain]
[LAL on JRC2018Unisex adult brain; adult lateral accessory lobe; computer graphic]
[is part of; adult lateral accessory lobe; LAL(-GA)(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult brain]
[LAL(L) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult lateral accessory lobe; computer graphic]
[LAL(R) on JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; adult lateral accessory lobe; computer graphic]
Lateral-most synaptic neuropil domain of the adult optic lobes, lying just beneath the compound eyes. It is composed of an array of repetitive cartridge-like units, each of which receives axons from specific sets of ommatidia in the compound eyes.
Region of the dorsal lamina that receives input from the dorsal rim ommatidia.
Region of the lamina where the axons of photoreceptor cells R1-R6 form a dense layer of expanded growth cones nestled between two layers of glial cells (Garrity et al., 1999).
Glomerulus 13a is located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL), medially to glomerulus 45a, and ventrolateral to glomerulus 1a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or13a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 1a is located at the dorsomedial edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies dorsomedial to glomerulus 13a, and dorsomedial to glomerulus 74a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or1a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 22c is located at the ventrolateral edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies ventrolateral to glomerulus 24a, and lateral to glomerulus 42b. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or22c (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 24a is centrally located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies immediately lateral to glomerulus 42a, dorsomedial to glomerulus 22c, and dorsolateral to glomerulus 42b. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or24a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 30a is located at the ventrolateral edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies ventrolateral to glomerulus 82a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or30a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 33a is located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL), dorsolaterally to glomerulus 59a, dorsal to glomerulus 49a, and anteromedial to glomerulus 63a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or33a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 33b/47a is a large glomerulus located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL), medially to glomeruli 45b and 94b. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or33b/Or47a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 35a is located along the ventromedial edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies posterior to glomerulus 42b, and anterior to glomerulus 74a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or35a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 42a is centrally located at the medial edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies immediately medial to glomerulus 24a, and dorsomedial to glomerulus 42b. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or42a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 42b is located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL), ventromedially to glomerulus 24a, medial to glomerulus 22c, and ventrolateral to glomerulus 42a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or42b (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 45a is centrally located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies medial to glomerulus 82a, and lateral to glomerulus 13a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or45a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 45b is located along the lateral edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies immediately dorsal to glomerulus 94b, and lateral to glomerulus 33b/47a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or45b (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 49a is located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL), ventromedially to glomeruli 63a and 33a, and dorsal to glomerulus 82a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or49a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 59a is centrally located along the dorsal edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies medial to glomerulus 33a, and lateral to glomerulus 83a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or59a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 63a is located at the dorsolateral edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies dorsolateral to glomerulus 49a and posterolateral to glomerulus 33a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or63a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 67b is located along the ventral edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies immediately lateral to glomerulus 74a, and medial to glomerulus 30a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or67b (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 74a is located at the ventromedial edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies immediately ventral to glomerulus 13a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or74a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 82a is located in the larval antennal lobe (LAL), dorsomedially to glomerulus 30a, lateral to glomerulus 45a, and dorsolateral to glomerulus 67b. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or82a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 83a is located at the dorsomedial edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies medial to glomerulus 59a, and dorsal to glomerulus 42a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or83a (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 85c is located in the middle layer of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies lateral to glomerulus 42a and posteromedial to glomerulus 24a. It is innervated by an axon from the larval olfactory receptor neuron Or85c (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Glomerulus 94b is located along the lateral edge of the larval antennal lobe (LAL). It lies immediately ventral to glomerulus 45b, and lateral to glomerulus 33b/47a. It is innervated by axons from larval olfactory receptor neuron Or94b (Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009).
Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within the dorsal part of the ventromedial neuropil domain of the tritocerebrum and mandibular neuromere (Kendroud et al., 2018). It contains sensory afferents of neurons from the pharyngeal and maxillary-labial nerves (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). AC of Miroschnikow et al. (2018) and ACSC of Kendroud et al. (2018) refer to approximately the same anatomy, but boundaries may not precisely correspond - see author response of Miroschnikow et al. (2018). Notably ACpl was not identified by Kendroud et al. (2018) (Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Small region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment that is just posterior to the antennal lobe (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of neurons from the dorsal organ ganglion that enter the CNS via the antennal-pharyngeal nerve (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). ACSCal of Kendroud et al. (2018) - FBrf0237251 is larger, extends further medially and contains many DPS neuron terminals. This region, defined by Miroschnikow et al. (2018) contains only external (DOG) neuron terminals. The DPS neuron terminals of Kendroud et al. (2018) are probably part of the posterior region (as defined by Miroschnikow et al., 2018), which extends further anteriorly along the lateral border of the anterior medial region, compared to the posterior region of Kendroud et al. (2018), and consists of external and pharyngeal neuron terminals.
Anterior medial region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of sensory neurons from the enteric nervous system that enter the CNS via the medial root of the antennal-pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment that is lateral to the posterior region (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of sensory neurons that enter the CNS via the antennal and maxillary nerves (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). Identified based on synaptic clustering of sensory neurons in a first instar EM volume (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). This region was not identified by Kendroud et al. (2018) - FBrf0237251 (Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Relatively large region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment, found between the anterior medial and posterior lateral regions (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of sensory neurons that enter the CNS via the antennal and maxillary nerves (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). ACSCp of Kendroud et al. (2018) - FBrf0237251 is smaller and does not extend as far anteriorly as this region, defined by Miroschnikow et al. (2018). The DPS neuron terminals in the ACSCal of Kendroud et al. (2018) are probably part of the this region.
Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within a superficial (ventral) region of the ventromedial neuropil domain of the tritocerebrum and mandibular neuromere (Kendroud et al., 2018). It contains sensory afferents of neurons from the pharyngeal and maxillary-labial nerves (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). AV of Miroschnikow et al. (2018) and AVSC of Kendroud et al. (2018) refer to approximately the same anatomy, but boundaries may not precisely correspond - see author response of Miroschnikow et al. (2018).
Anterior region of the larval anterior ventral sensory compartment. It contains the terminals of enteric neurons from the frontal connective that enter via the medial root of the pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It is also contributed to by neurons of the dorsal pharyngeal sense organ that follow the anterior root of the pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Posterior region of the larval anterior ventral sensory compartment. It is formed by superficial branches of the anterior and intermediate maxillary-labial nerve roots (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within the central neuropil domain (Kendroud et al., 2018). In the anterior prothoracic neuromere, it narrows to a thin bundle, but continues to extend anteriorly through the gnathal neuromeres (Kendroud et al., 2018). Anteriorly, in the tritocerebrum, it contains the projections of a small bundle of axons from the antennal nerve, foreshadowing the position of the adult antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Kendroud et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of chordotonal organ neurons (Kendroud et al., 2018).
Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within the dorsomedial neuropil domain (Kendroud et al., 2018). In the anterior prothoracic neuromere, it narrows to a thin bundle that continues to extend anteriorly through the gnathal neuromeres, but does not appear to receive any projections from sensory neurons of the maxillary-labial nerve or antennal-pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018).
Larval synaptic neuropil compartment comprising the domains surrounding the lobes and peduncle of the mushroom body (Hartenstein et al., 2015).
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from larval uniglomerular projection neuron 82a. It is usually located anterolaterally within the calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that is usually located ventrolaterally within the calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from a larval uniglomerular projection neuron 45a. It is usually located anteromedially within the calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from a larval uniglomerular projection neuron 1a. It is usually located anteromedially within the calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from a larval uniglomerular projection neuron 59a. It is usually located anteroventrally within the calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from larval uniglomerular projection neuron 33b/47a. This is a large,landmark glomerulus that lies in a central position, posterior to glomerulus L3.
A dorsal glomerulus at the posterior edge of the larval mushroom body calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from a larval uniglomerular projection neuron 49a. It is usually located dorsomedially within the calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from a larval uniglomerular projection neuron 45b. It is usually located at the posteromedial edge of the calyx.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that is usually located dorsomedially, anteromedial to the larval mushroom body calyx D3. It is not always distinct from glomerulus D4 (FBbt:00007212). Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2005 mentions that D5 is not always distinct from D4. Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009 treats them as the same glomerulus. So, there may be a good case for merging these two terms.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that is located lateral and internal in the larval mushroom body calyx. It is located internal to larval mushroom body calyx L6 and L1.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that is located anterior and internal in the larval mushroom body calyx. It lies internal to the larval mushroom body calyx A1.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from a larval uniglomerular projection neuron 33a. It usually lies in a lateral/internal position within the calyx.
Glomerulus of the larval mushroom body calyx. It is located internal to the larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus L7.
Glomerulus of the larval mushroom body calyx. It is located ventral to the larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus D1.
A glomerulus that is located in the interior of the larval mushroom body calyx. It is located medial to the larval mushroom body calyx I4.
A glomerulus located in the interior of the larval mushroom body calyx, interior to the larval mushroom body calyx M1.
A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from larval uniglomerular projection neuron 13a. It is usually the most dorsoposterior glomerulus of the calyx.