Tag: Synaptic_neuropil

adult antennal lobe [FBbt_00007401]

The adult antennal lobe is a bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the deutocerebrum lying in front of the protocerebral synaptic neuropil domains. It is divided into approximately 50 glomeruli and is clearly separated from adjacent neuropil domains by an extensive glial sheath. The two antennal lobes are connected by the antennal commissure and receive olfactory receptor neuron axons from the antennal nerve and subesophageal tract. It is also connected to the antennal lobe tracts and the broad root.

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adult central complex [FBbt_00003632]

A midline crossing complex of the synaptic neuropil domains of the adult brain: the ellipsoid body, the fan-shaped body, the three paired noduli, the asymmetrical bodies and the protocerebral bridge. It is closely associated with another paired synaptic neuropil domain, the lateral complex. It lies in the middle of the brain between the pedunculi of the mushroom bodies and is bounded ventrally by the esophagus, dorsally by the pars intercerebralis and laterally by the antenno-glomerular tracts. Some authors' use of the term ‘central body’ excludes the protocerebral bridge, some usage also excludes the noduli, some exclude the lateral triangles, and historically it has been used to refer to the fan-shaped body alone (Hanesch et al., 1989).

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adult central sensory compartment of subesophageal zone [FBbt_00051418]

Adult sensory region of the subesophageal zone that develops from the narrow anterior (tritocerebral and gnathal) region of the larval central sensory compartment (Kendroud et al., 2018). It encompasses the antennal mechanosensory and motor center at its anterior end, containing the axon terminals of Johnston organ neurons entering via the antennal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018). At its posterior end, it receives axonal projections of thoracic and abdominal sensory neurons, which enter the subesophageal zone via the cervical connective (Kendroud et al., 2018).

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adult crepine [FBbt_00045037]

A thin, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain that wraps around the medial lobe of the mushroom body. Many neurons in this domain enter the lobes to form extensive connections with Kenyon cell fibers. The name crepine is used in French cuisine to refer to a slice of meat wrapped around some delicacy. The posterior region of the crepine corresponds to the dorsal part of the inferior dorsofrontal protocerebrum (IDFP) of Chiang et al., (2011) (Ito et al., 2014).

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adult lateral accessory lobe [FBbt_00003681]

A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the adult brain with a roughly pyramidal shape that is located inferior-lateral to the ellipsoid body and anterior-inferior to the bulb (lateral triangle). It lies behind the antennal lobe and in front of the ventral complex. The LAL corresponds to part of the anterior superior part of the vmpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and to the ventral part of the inferior dorsofrontal protocerebrum (IDFP) of Chiang et al., (2011) (Ito et al., 2014).

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adult mushroom body [FBbt_00003684]

Bilaterally paired neuropil structure situated postero-dorsally in the protocerebrum that functions in olfactory associative learning and memory. The mushroom body is divided into: the calyx, which is closest to the cell body rind and receives sensory interneuron afferents; the pedunculus, which is a thick axon bundle extending from the calyx to the base of the lobes; and the mushroom body lobe system, which consists of a vertical branch composed of two intertwined lobes (alpha and alpha') and a medial branch consisting of three parallel lobes (beta, beta' and gamma) (Crittenden et al., 1998; Ito et al., 2014).

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adult mushroom body alpha'' lobe [FBbt_00100252]

A subregion of the alpha' lobe occupied by the vertical lobe projecting branches of the neurons composing the mushroom body beta'' lobe of the adult brain. Via Golgi impregnation and immunostaining, Strausfeld et al., (2003) identifies this highly taurine-immunopositive, aspartate-immunonegative band. However, Tanaka et al., (2008), using an enhancer trap screen, suggest that the neurons composing the alpha''/beta'' lobe should be regarded as a subpopulation of the alpha'/beta' anterior neurons.

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adult mushroom body beta\'\' lobe [FBbt_00100251]

A narrow division lying between the gamma and beta' lobes of the adult brain. Axons innervating the beta'' lobe have axons innervating the alpha' lobe front surface. Via Golgi impregnation and immunostaining, Strausfeld et al., (2003) identifies this highly taurine-immunopositive, aspartate-immunonegative band. However, Tanaka et al., (2008), using an enhancer trap screen, suggest that the neurons composing the alpha''/beta'' lobe should be regarded as a subpopulation of the alpha'/beta' anterior neurons.

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adult mushroom body dorsal accessory calyx [FBbt_00045007]

A small subregion of the adult mushroom body that protrudes from the anterior-dorsal edge of the calyx into the superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) (Ito et al., 2014). It contains the terminals of the alpha/beta posterior Kenyon cells (Tanaka et al., 2008; Ito et al., 2014; Aso et al., 2014) and it is not separated from the SLP by a glial sheath (Ito et al., 2014). It receives mainly visual input with little, if any, olfactory or gustatory input (Li et al., 2020). Previously named the accessory calyx, this was renamed to the dorsal accessory calyx to distinguish it from the ventral accessory calyx (Aso et al., 2014).

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adult mushroom body lateral accessory calyx [FBbt_00048332]

A small bar-shaped subregion of the adult mushroom body that protrudes from the anterior dorsolateral edge of the calyx, lateral to the dorsal accessory calyx (Jenett et al., 2012). It contains the postsynaptic terminals of a subpopulation of around 14 alpha'/beta' Kenyon cells (Yagi et al., 2016; Li et al., 2020), some of which only receive input in this region (Marin et al., 2020). It also contains some of the postsynaptic terminals of the gamma-s2 Kenyon cell (Marin et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020). The vast majority of presynapses in this region are from the temperature-sensitive antennal lobe VP3 vPN and VP2 adPN projection neurons (Marin et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020).

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antennal lobe glomerulus 2 [FBbt_00007093]

Glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe located on the same frontal plane as glomerulus DM3 (a landmark glomerulus). It lies dorsomedial to the posterior part of glomerulus V, and lateral to glomerulus VM6. Note: This glomerulus not found in all samples when it was originally categorised, so may not be present in all animals. Not identified in comprehensive EM AL analysis (Bates et al., 2020 - FlyBase:FBrf0246460).

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antennal lobe glomerulus VP1 [FBbt_00003927]

Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It is located dorsomedial to glomerulus VP3, dorsoposterior to glomerulus V. Discernible with Golgi impregnation or CoCl2 backfills (Stocker et al. 1990), but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, leading to it not being represented in antennal lobe maps (Laissue et al., 1999, Couto et al., 2005) or having its position changed (Chou et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). According to Chou et al (2010) and Yu et al (2010) glomerulus VP1 is located medially to glomerulus VP2. The VP1 glomerulus corresponds to the target region of the Ir40-expressing olfactory sensory neurons, corresponding to the ‘column’ (Silbering et al., 2011). Tanaka et al (2012) identifies a new glomerulus, VP4, as another target region of Ir40a-expressing olfactory sensory neurons, which is innervated by different projection neurons to VP1. Grabe et al. (2015) merge glomeruli VP1 and VM6.

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antennal lobe glomerulus VP2 [FBbt_00003928]

Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies just medial to glomerulus VP1. Discernible with Golgi impregnation or CoCl2 backfills (Stocker et al. 1990), but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, leading to it not being represented in antennal lobe maps (Laissue et al., 1999, Couto et al., 2005) or having its position changed (Chou et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). According to Chou et al (2010) glomerulus VP2 is located in between glomeruli VP1 and VP3. In Gallio et al (2011), glomerulus VP2 is described as corresponding to the medial region of the proximal antennal protocerebrum (PAP) which is innervated by hot-sensing neurons.

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antennal lobe glomerulus VP3 [FBbt_00003929]

Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsolateral to glomerulus VP1. Discernible with Golgi impregnation or CoCl2 backfills (Stocker et al. 1990), but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, leading to it not being represented in antennal lobe maps (Laissue et al., 1999, Couto et al., 2005) or having its position changed relative to glomeruli VP1 and VP2 (Chou et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010). According to Chou et al (2010) glomerulus VP3 is located laterally to glomerulus VP2. In Gallio et al (2011), glomerulus VP3 is described as corresponding to the lateral region of the proximal antennal protocerebrum (PAP) which is innervated by cold-sensing neurons.

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antennal lobe glomerulus VP4 [FBbt_00110865]

Ventro-posterior glomerulus of the adult antennal lobe. It lies dorsoposterior to glomerulus VP3, ventral to DP1. Discernible with Golgi impregnation, but not with nc82/bruchtpilot immunolabelling, according to Tanaka et al. (2012) this glomerulus corresponds to part of the innervation region of IR40a ORNs, identified as the ‘arm’ by Silbering et al. (2011). Although VP1 and VP4 glomeruli are innervated by IR40a neurons, these correspond to different subsets and are therefore considered different glomeruli (Tanaka et al., 2012).

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antennal mechanosensory and motor center [FBbt_00003982]

Adult neuropil domain that receives the axonal projections of the Johnston organ neurons (JONs) (Ito et al., 2014). It is part of the saddle, which is found in a relatively dorsal part of the subesophageal zone (Ito et al., 2014). It develops from the anteriormost (tritocerebral) part of the larval central sensory column, which greatly increases in size as JON axons enter it via the antennal nerve during metamorphosis (Kendroud et al., 2018). Afferents of the JONs also invade the mandibular and maxillary neuromeres (Kendroud et al., 2018).

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antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone A [FBbt_00100015]

Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone A is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) formed from bifurcation of the Johnston’s organ bundle. (The other structure arising from this bifurcation is the main trunk of the AMMC (MT)). Zone A is rich in presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons. The cell bodies of zone A Johnston organ neurons are located mainly in the inner layer of Johnston’s organ, directly surrounding the antennal nerve (Kamikouchi et al., 2006). Presence of presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).

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antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone B [FBbt_00100016]

Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone B is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) formed from the first bifurcation of the AMMC main trunk. It is rich in presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons (JONs). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).

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antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone C [FBbt_00100017]

Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone C is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) that arises from the most lateral half of the bifurcation at the end of the lateral core (LC) bundle (the other half of the bifurcation forms zone D). It is rich in the presynapses of Johnston’s organ neurons (JONs). It is composed of two branches (CM and CL), which merge at their posterior ends (Kamikouchi et al., 2006). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).

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antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone D [FBbt_00100018]

Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone D is a synapse rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) that arises from the bifurcation that terminates the lateral core bundle. (The other half of the bifurcation forms zone C). It is rich in the presynapses of zone D Johnston’s organ neurons (zone D JONs). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).

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antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone E [FBbt_00100019]

Antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone E is a synapse-rich sub-region of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC) that is continuous with the EA bundle. It is rich in presynaptic sites of Johnston’s organ neurons (JONs). Presence of presynaptic sites determined by immunoreactivity to syntaxin and synaptobrevin::GFP localization (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).

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anterior maxillary sensory center [FBbt_00040057]

Region of the adult tritocerebrum that houses the axonal terminals of sensory neurons that enter the brain via the anterior root of the maxillary-labial nerve (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010; Kendroud et al., 2018) including gustatory receptor neurons of labellum sensilla (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). It forms part of the anterior ventral sensory compartment (Kendroud et al., 2018). Three distinct subregions can be identified: a lateral anteriormost zone (AMS1), a lateralmost zone (AMS2) and a medial zone that reaches the midline (AMS3) (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). Carbon-dioxide-sensitive neurons from the medial taste pegs of the labellum (identified in E409-GAL4 and NP107-GAL4) terminate in the AMS1 zone (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010).

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anterior optic tubercle [FBbt_00007059]

Synaptic neuropil domain of the adult protocerebrum that receives extensive arborizations from visual projection neurons from the lobula and the medulla, projecting via the anterior optic tract. It protrudes from the anterior-most area of the ventro-lateral neuropils and is slightly detached from the ventro-lateral protocerebrum. This neuropil is absent from the larval brain, being formed during pupal development. Otsuna and Ito (2006) suggest that the optic tubercle may be divided into three regions according to the density of arborizations. The medial-most (optu1) and lateral-most (optu3) contain dense arborizations of the Lcn10 neurons, whilst the area between these regions (optu2) is essentially devoid of the lobula columnar neurons.

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anterior superior lateral protocerebrum [FBbt_00040045]

Anterior subregion of the superior lateral protocerebrum. Boundaries defined by Ito et al. (2014) (used to define this term) differ slightly from those defined for mslpr in Otsuna and Ito, 2006. There is no prominent natural boundary that clearly separates the posterior and anterior superior lateral protocerebrum. A frontal plane extrapolated from the boundary of the PVLP and PLP, which corresponds to the anterioposterior level of the great commissure, is used as a practical boundary.

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anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum [FBbt_00040043]

An aglomerular, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the adult ventrolateral protocerebrum (VLP) that protrudes from the anterior brain between the optic lobe and the antennal lobe. It is located in front of the posterior VLP and below the anterior optic tubercle and superior clamp. It receives input from neurons projecting from the optic lobe.

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antler [FBbt_00045039]

Thin, elongated, antler-shaped, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain spanning from the inferior bridge to the inferior edge of the superior lateral protocerebrum. It runs through the space between the protocerebral bridge and the fan-shaped body, along the medial surface of the medial antennal lobe tract. The antler corresponds to part of the medial part of the pimpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and to the dorsal part of the caudalcentral protocerebrum (CCP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to part of the posterior inferior protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).

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asymmetrical body [FBbt_00110172]

Round synaptic neuropil of the central complex, adjacent to the ventralmost layer (1) of the fan-shaped body and dorsal to the noduli, on either side of the midline (Wolff and Rubin, 2018). The right asymmetrical body is, on average, 4x larger (by volume) than the left and some neurons have a bias towards the right hemisphere in their innervation patterns (Pascual et al., 2004; Jenett et al., 2012; Wolff and Rubin, 2018). In a small proportion (7.6%) of wild-type flies, this structure is symmetrical, with prominent (right side-like) innervation in both hemispheres (Pascual et al., 2004). This structure was identified by the expression of the neural protein fasciclin II (FasII) (Pascual et al., 2004). Wolff and Rubin (2018) claim this is a distinct neuropil to the fan-shaped body based on the restriction of neuronal arbors to one or the other.

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bulb [FBbt_00003682]

A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain located lateral to the ellipsoid body and anterior lateral to the fan-shaped body. It contains 80 microglomeruli characterized by their granular texture. It is formed primarily by the collateral arborizations of neuronal fibers that project to the ellipsoid body and by the terminals of the fibers projecting from the anterior optic tubercle and other neuropils. The bulb corresponds to the medial part of the mimpr of Otsuna and Ito, (2006) and to the lateral triangle of Chiang et al., (2011) (Ito et al., 2014).

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cantle [FBbt_00045051]

A small, bilaterally paired, triangular synaptic neuropil domain that lies at the posterior end of the saddle. It is clearly demarcated by glial boundaries. The name ‘cantle’ was taken from the seat-back part of the horse-riding saddle. The cantle corresponds to the ventroposterior part of the ventromedial protocerebrum (VMP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to the posterior periesophageal neuropils (Ito et al., 2014).

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clamp [FBbt_00040047]

Synaptic neuropil domain lying between the fan-shaped body, the protocerebral bridge and mushroom body pedunculus, including the area above and below the pedunculus (the space occupied by the pedunculus forms a deep tunnel-like recess on its inferior lateral side). Few neurons in the clamp penetrate the pedunculus, but some enter the glomerular posterior lateral protocerebrum and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (PLP, PVLP), forming a characteristic cylindrical architecture around the pedunculus. Some fibers spanning the superior surface project into the superior arch commissure.

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cryptic tooth of fan-shaped body [FBbt_00049148]

Smallest and most lateral protrusion of layer 1 of the fan-shaped body at its ventral margin (Wolff et al., 2015). There is one per hemisphere and it lies ventral and anterior to its nearest neighbor (Wolff et al., 2015). The ‘cryptic teeth’ that are elusive in that they are not evident in nc82-labeled samples, but only in specimens with the right combination of labeled cells (Wolff et al., 2015).

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ellipsoid body [FBbt_00003678]

A doughnut shaped synaptic neuropil domain of the central complex of the adult brain that lies just anterior to the fan-shaped body. Its hole (the ellipsoid body canal) points anteriorly and has an axon tract (the anterior bundle) running through it. It is divided into concentric layers and into 16 radial segments, 8 per hemisphere, numbered 1-8 from superior medial to inferior medial (Ito et al., 2014).

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ellipsoid body anterior domain [FBbt_00047034]

Small, most anterior subdivision of the ellipsoid body. It contains the arborizations of R5 ring neurons, and no other R-neurons (Omoto et al., 2017; Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘anterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘anterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBa, EBic and EBoc, collectively. The ‘anterior shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) contains only EBa (Omoto et al., 2018).

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ellipsoid body inner central domain [FBbt_00007553]

Concentric subdivision of the ellipsoid body that lies anteriorly in the inner part of the ellipsoid body (Renn et al., 1999; Lin et al., 2013; Omoto et al., 2018). It contains the arborizations of R3a, R3d and R3m ring neurons (Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘anterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘anterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBa, EBic and EBoc, collectively. The ‘medial shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) refers to EBic and EBoc (Omoto et al., 2018). Lin et al. (2013) included R2 neuron arborizations in this (EBA) domain, but Renn et al. (1999) and Omoto et al. (2018) assign them to the outer domain (EBoc).

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ellipsoid body inner posterior domain [FBbt_00007555]

Inner concentric subdivision of the posterior part of the ellipsoid body. It contains the arborization of R1 ring neurons, which mark the boundary between the inner and outer posterior domains (Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘posterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘posterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBop and EBip collectively. The ‘posterior shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) also refers to EBop and EBip collectively (Omoto et al., 2018).

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ellipsoid body outer central domain [FBbt_00007556]

Outer concentric subdivision of the ellipsoid body. It contains the arborization of R2, R4d and R4m ring neurons (Renn et al., 1999; Young and Armstrong, 2010; Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘anterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘anterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBa, EBic and EBoc, collectively. The ‘medial shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) refers to EBic and EBoc (Omoto et al., 2018). Lin et al. (2013) do not seem to include R2 neurons in the outer ring (EBO), but they are included by Renn et al. (1999) and by Omoto et al. (2018), who claim that EBO corresponds to EBoc.

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ellipsoid body outer posterior domain [FBbt_00007554]

Concentric subdivision of the ellipsoid body that lies posteriorly, distal to the canal (Omoto et al., 2018). It contains the arborization of R6 ring neurons (Omoto et al., 2018). The ‘posterior ring’ of Hanesch et al. (1989) and ‘posterior disk’ of Renn et al. (1999) appear to refer to EBop and EBip collectively. The ‘posterior shell’ of Wolff et al. (2015) also refers to EBop and EBip collectively (Omoto et al., 2018). This region was defined (as EBP) by Lin et al. (2013), but no R ring neurons known at the time arborized here.

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embryonic/larval antennal lobe [FBbt_00007127]

Paired synaptic neuropil domain of the larval deutocerebrum, located ventral to the mushroom body, that is the major target of innervation for axons carried by the antennal nerve. It is also connected to the antero-basal tract (ABT). Its posterior boundary contacts the lateral accessory lobe, ventromedial cerebrum, ventrolateral protocerebrum and periesophageal neuropils. It is the larval counterpart of the adult antennal lobe, and consists of around 22 glomeruli. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval anterior superior medial protocerebrum [FBbt_00007065]

A synaptic neuropil subdomain of the larval brain that is located anterior and dorsal to the medial lobe of the mushroom body, and which is separated from the posterior superior medial protocerebrum by a neuropil glial sheath slightly posterior to the vertical lobe of the mushroom body. It is the larval counterpart of the adult anterior superior medial protocerebrum. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domains comes from a personal communication from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval anterior ventromedial cerebrum [FBbt_00007725]

The anterior part of the ventromedial cerebrum (BPM). It abuts the posterior ventromedial cerebrum (VMCp) at the coronal slice level of the Great Commissure, (GC, BLAv1,BLD5; Pereanu et al. 2010). Ventrally, the boundary with the tritocerebrum (centro-medial and dorsal compartments) is defined by a somewhat curved, more or less axial plane defined by the tracts loVL (Balp2/3; Hartenstein et al., 2015) , loVM (Bamv1/2; Hartenstein et al., 2015) and the BAla3 tract (Kumar et al., 2009). Medially, an extension of the centro-medial tritocerebrum is separated from the VMCa by the loVM (BAmv1/2) fascicle and a glial septum (Pereanu et al., 2006); more posteriorly, this boundary continues as a discontinuity in synaptic density (e.g. as assayed using the presynaptic marker bruchpilot). Laterally, the VMCa borders the lateral accessory lobe (LAL), separated by a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the deCP (DALd; posteriorly) and loVM (Bamv1/2; anteriorly) (Pereanu et al., 2006). At a more posterior level, the Ventro Lateral Protocerebrum (VLP) flanks the VMCa laterally, with the boundary along that of the posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP)-VMCp, i.e. a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the LEFp (CP1v; posteriorly) and the loVL (Balp2/3; anteriorly) fascicles. The medial clamp borders the VMCa dorso-laterally with a virtual axial plane intersecting the MEF (CM1,3,4, medially) and LEFp (CP1v, laterally) fascicles constituting the boundary (Hartenstein et al., 2015). The Crepine borders dorsally, the boundary extending along the DALv2/3 (Hartenstein et al., 2015), DALcl1 and BAmd1v lineage tracts and the commissural fascicle SuEC (DALcl1v; Hartenstein et al., 2015). The lower toe (medial appendix of larval mushroom body) is dorso-medial. A region of low synaptic density separates the VMCa from the primordial fan-shaped body.

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embryonic/larval clamp [FBbt_00111204]

A synaptic neuropil domain of the larval brain located posterior to the medial lobe of the mushroom body. It is separated from the posterior inferior protocerebrum by the antenno-cerebral tract and peduncle. Its axons project mainly into the posterior transverse tract and it receives a branch of the antenno-cerebral tract. It is the larval counterpart of the adult clamp. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval crepine [FBbt_00007118]

Small synaptic neuropil domain of the larval protocerebrum that is located anterior to the medial mushroom body lobe. It contains numerous fine axons which project medially and contribute to the anterior transverse tract (ATT) and the medial cervical tract (MCT). It is the larval counterpart of the adult crepine. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval fan-shaped body - primordial [FBbt_00111207]

The primordium of the adult fan-shaped body in the larval posterior inferior protocerebrum (IPp or CPM). It consists of a bilaterally symmetrical slightly curved, horizontal, bar-shaped structure of tufts of filopodia, with undifferentiated synapses, branching off axon bundles stretching from the midline region posterior and adjacent to the mushroom body medial lobe, to a plexus slightly medial to the peduncle. In the late larval brain both halves are interconnected by a plexus of commissural fibers. It is formed by fan-shaped body pioneer neurons in the embryo/early larva and grows during larval development as it is invaded by secondary neurons (Andrade et al., 2019).

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embryonic/larval lateral accessory lobe [FBbt_00007067]

One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This medially located compartment is posterior to the antennal lobe. It is the larval counterpart of the adult lateral accessory lobe. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval mushroom body [FBbt_00011929]

Mushroom body (MB) of the larva. It only has two lobes, medial and vertical, in contrast to the adult MB, which has five lobes (Lee et al., 1999). Both lobes are composed of gamma neurons, which are the only Kenyon cells (KCs) present in the newly hatched first instar (Kunz et al., 2012). MB neuroblasts continue to produce new KCs throughout the larval stages (Lee et al., 1999). These new KCs form layers in the larval MB peduncle and lobes, with four distinguishable layers present in the third instar (Kurusu et al., 2002). Three types of KCs can be identified in these layers: embryonic-born gamma type (surface layer), larval-born gamma type (outer and inner layers) and larval-born alpha'/beta' type (core layer) neurons (Kurusu et al., 2002). During the pupal stage, alpha/beta KCs are produced and the larval MB is remodeled into the adult MB (Lee et al., 1999). The four layers in the pedunculus and lobes were identified by staining with a FasII antibody. The surface layer is partially FasII-negative, the outer and inner layers are FasII-positive and the core is FasII-negative (Selcho et al., 2009; Kurusu et al., 2002).

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embryonic/larval nodulus - primordial [FBbt_00007722]

A small primordium in the larval brain that will give rise to the adult noduli. It appears as a ventrally directed process of the lateral primordial fan-shaped body. It is demarcated from the surrounding medial clamp and crepine by different the different concentration of synapses (e.g. as assayed by Bruchpilot expression). It develops from elements of the DPMm1, DPMpm1/2 and CM4 lineages.

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embryonic/larval periesophageal neuropils [FBbt_00007129]

One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This compartment contacts the antennal lobe posteriorly and guides the medial cervical tract (MCT). It is the larval counterpart of the adult periesophageal neuropils. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval posterior inferior protocerebrum [FBbt_00007070]

A synaptic neuropil domain of the larval brain located posterior to the medial lobe of the mushroom body. It is separated from the clamp by the antenno-cerebral tract to which it is connected via a branch. Most of the posterior inferior protocerebrum (CPM domain) is displaced during pupal development. The region at the most posterior edge remains and gives rise to part of the adult posterior inferior protocerebrum. The adult central complex arises from secondary axonal tracts of several lineages that invade the CPM, forming dense layers of neuropil and displacing it. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domain is a PC from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval posterior lateral protocerebrum [FBbt_00007723]

A synaptic neuropil domain located ventro-postero-laterally in the larval central brain (posterior part of BPL). Anteriorly, the great commissure (BLAv1,BLD5) defines the boundary, in the coronal plane, with the ventrolateral protocerebrum (VLP). Dorsally, there is a slim border with the superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP). Medially, a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the CP1v tract and the Balp2/3 tract separates the this domain from the ventromedial cerebrum (VMCp). Laterally, a glial septum and BLP1/2 tract separates it from the lobula. The clamp is dorso-medial and laterally, the boundary is a continuation posteriorly of the clamp-VLP border i.e. the virtual plane defined by the LEFp(CP1v) and PLF(CP2/3v) fascicles to LEFa(DALv1) fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). The superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) forms a slim ventral border with the PLP, which is defined by the entry point of the trSI(BLD1-4) fascicle; in addition, a higher synaptic density (e.g. as assayed using the presynaptic marker bruchpilot) demarcates the posterior SLP from the PLP. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domain is a PC from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval posterior superior medial protocerebrum [FBbt_00007066]

A synaptic neuropil subdomain of the larval brain that is located posterior and dorsal to the medial lobe of the mushroom body and which is separated from the anterior superior medial protocerebrum by a neuropil glial sheath slightly posterior to the vertical lobe of the mushroom body. Axons from this compartment converge with those from part of the clamp (CPL) to form the posterior transverse tract (PTT). It is the larval counterpart of the adult posterior superior medial protocerebrum. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domains comes from a personal communication from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval posterior ventromedial cerebrum [FBbt_00007724]

The posterior part of the ventromedial cerebrum (BPM). It borders the posterior Inferior Protocerebrum (IPp) dorso-medially, the boundary defined by the DPPT(DPMl1) fascicle and a virtual axial plane drawn from the MEF medially to the medial neuropil edge. The medial clamp is bordered dorso-laterally of the VMCp, the boundary given as a virtual axial plane intersecting the MEF(CM1,3,4, medially) and LEFp(CP1v, laterally) fascicles (Hartenstein et al., 2015). The posterior lateral Protocerebrum (PLP) is lateral, the boundary a virtual sagittal plane intersecting the LEFp (CP1v; posteriorly) and the loVL (Balp2/3; anteriorly) fascicles. The VMCp is posterior of the anterior ventromedial cerebrum (VMCa), the split define by the coronal slice level of the Great Commissure, GC (BLAv1,BLD5).

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embryonic/larval protocerebral bridge - primordial [FBbt_00111206]

The primordium of the adult protocerebral bridge in the larval brain, formed from the DPMm1 and DPMpm1/2 and CM4 lineages. Unlike in the adult, this exists as a bilateral pair of separate domains that do not join across the midline. These domains are tubular shaped regions containing both differentiated and undifferentiated synapses, in the posterior inferior protocerebrum (IPp or CPM). Each domain curls around the dorsal side from the posterior, growing during the larval period towards the midline. Fusion of the two halves, just posterior to the PLPC (DPLp1) commissure and fan-shaped body, only occurs 48h after pupariation.

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embryonic/larval subesophageal ganglion area 2 [FBbt_00100140]

Large chemosensory target area located adjacent to area 1 of the larval subesophageal ganglion. This region receives input from the dorsal pharyngeal sense organ, the ventral pharyngeal sense organ, the posterior pharyngeal sense organ, the dorsal pharyngeal organ, the terminal organ, and the ventral pharyngeal sense organ (Colomb et al., 2007).

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embryonic/larval superior intermediate protocerebrum [FBbt_00007721]

A small synaptic neuropil that has the shape of a hemi-cylinder. It flanks the mushroom body vertical lobe laterally and posteriorly, where it wedges in between superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) and superior medial protocerebrum (SMPp). Its boundary can be followed posteriorly from the SLP-prAOTU boundary (at the DALd lineage entry point), past the distal segment (internal, lateral) curve of the trSA (DPLal1-3) and continuing further posteriorly until the entry point of DPLc. It borders the lateral clamp and (briefly) crepine compartments and (very anteriorly and ventrally) the spur. It is distinguishable from these by its higher density of synapses (e.g. as assayed by Bruchpilot expression).

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embryonic/larval superior lateral protocerebrum [FBbt_00007064]

A thin layer or neuropil of the larval brain that forms during the third instar from a dorsal region of the clamp by growth of a neuropil glial sheath across it. It is the precursor to the adult superior lateral and intermediate protocerebrum and lateral horn domains. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval ventrolateral protocerebrum [FBbt_00007068]

One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This compartment contacts the antennal lobe posteriorly, and is lateral to the lateral accessory lobe and ventromedial cerebrum. It grows anteriorly during larval development. It is the larval counterpart of the adult ventrolateral protocerebrum. Developmental relation to adult synaptic neuropil domains comes from a personal communication from Volker Hartenstein. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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embryonic/larval ventromedial cerebrum [FBbt_00007063]

One of a group of synaptic neuropil domains of the larval brain which are located ventral to the mushroom body and are grouped around the long axon tracts connecting the larval protocerebrum to the ventral nerve cord. This medially located compartment contacts the antennal lobe posteriorly. The lateral cervical tract ascends through the center of this compartment. It is the larval counterpart of the adult ventromedial neuropils. Note - description of relative location of brain structures in this definition is based on Younossi-Hartenstein et al., 2003 description of the first instar larval brain and Pereanu et al., 2010 third instar larval brain.

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epaulette [FBbt_00040040]

A small, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain of the ventral complex, lying below the inferior clamp and superior-lateral to the vest. The name is taken from the ornamental shoulder piece of military generals based on its shape and position relative to other sartorially named domains of the ventral complex. The epaulette corresponds to part of the inferior region of the vmpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and the part of the precommissural ventromedial cerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).

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fan-shaped body [FBbt_00003679]

The largest synaptic neuropil domain of the adult central complex, located posterior to the ellipsoid body and anterior to the protocerebral bridge (Hanesch et al., 1989; Wolff et al., 2015). The fan-shaped body is composed of a rough 2-dimensional grid of layers and columns (Hanesch et al., 1998; Wolff et al., 2015; Hulse et al., 2020). Eight horizontal layers, numbered bottom to top, form a fan shape and can be divided into vertical columns (sometimes called staves, slices or segments) (Ito et al., 2014; Wolff et al., 2015). An additional, much narrower, 9th layer, which lacks a columnar organization, sits dorsal to layer 8 (Wolff et al., 2015). The number of columns varies for different neuronal types (Scheffer et al., 2020). Previously thought to be 8 slices per hemisphere numbered from 1-8 medial to lateral - arranged in 4 closely associated pairs (Ito et al., 2014). Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z (Boyan and Williams, 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008). Six to nine layers can be identified, depending on the staining that is used (Hanesch et al., 1989; Young and Armstrong, 2010; Kahsai and Winther, 2011, Lin et al., 2013, Wolff et al., 2015). Recent papers divide the FB into 9 layers (Wolff et al., 2015; Scheffer et al., 2020).

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fan-shaped body layer [FBbt_00040035]

Horizontal, laminar subdivision of the fan-shaped body that results from the stratification of large field neurons. There are 8 layers that run parallel to each other increasing in width dorsally to form a fan shape (Ito et al., 2014). There is additionally a ‘cap’ (layer 9) that sits dorsal to layer 8 and is narrower than the other layers (Wolff et al., 2015). Based on silver staining, Hanesch et al., (1989) claim that there are 6 layers in the fan-shaped body (1-6 from top to bottom). In more recent work using the synaptic marker Nc82, Young and Armstrong (2010) state that there are ‘roughly 8 layers’, but note that ‘establishing specific layers clearly’ can often prove difficult. Lin et al. (2013) define 6 layers (a-f, from top to bottom). This ontology currently follows Ito et al. (2014), which divides the fan-shaped body into 8 layers, numbering them from bottom to top. We additionally have the extra dorsal layer (9) defined by Wolff et al., (2015).

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fan-shaped body segment pair W [FBbt_00007494]

Most lateral segment pair of the fan-shaped body. Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group W corresponds to A and H in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 7 and 8 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 4 in Lin et al. (2013).

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fan-shaped body segment pair X [FBbt_00007495]

Second most lateral segment group of the fan-shaped body. Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group X corresponds to B and G in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 5 and 6 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 3 in Lin et al. (2013).

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fan-shaped body segment pair Y [FBbt_00007496]

Third segment pair of the fan-shaped body (counting from lateral to medial). Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group Y corresponds to C and F in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 3 and 4 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 2 in Lin et al. (2013).

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fan-shaped body segment pair Z [FBbt_00007497]

Medial-most segment pair of the fan-shaped body. Hanesch et al., (1989) define 8 segments (A-H), 4 per hemisphere, that correspond to the segment pairs (groups) of slices defined by Ito et al. (2014) and used here. Segment group Z corresponds to D and E in Hanesch’s nomenclature, to slices 1 and 2 in Ito et al. (2014) and to column 1 in Lin et al. (2013).

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fan-shaped body slice [FBbt_00040036]

Subdivision of the fan-shaped body along the transverse axis resulting from the arrangement of vertical fibers. Slices are well defined in inferior layers, but are more relaxed in layers 4-8 and are not apparent in layer 9 (Wolff et al., 2015). The number of vertical columns (slices) varies for different types of neuron (Scheffer et al., 2020). Pairs of adjacent segments in the fan-shaped body are closely associated, forming segment pairs that are more easily discernible than individual segments.

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fan-shaped body slice 1 [FBbt_00110642]

Medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008). Lin et al., (2013) names these four groups from 1 to 4, from medial to lateral.

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fan-shaped body slice 2 [FBbt_00110643]

Second medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).

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fan-shaped body slice 3 [FBbt_00110644]

Third medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).

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fan-shaped body slice 4 [FBbt_00110645]

Fourth medial-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).

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fan-shaped body slice 5 [FBbt_00110646]

Fourth lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).

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fan-shaped body slice 6 [FBbt_00110647]

Third lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).

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fan-shaped body slice 7 [FBbt_00110648]

Second lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).

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fan-shaped body slice 8 [FBbt_00110649]

Lateral-most slice in each hemisphere of the fan-shaped body. Each of the two neighboring slices (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) are associated more closely because they receive small-field columnar neurons generated by the same neuroblasts, forming four groups on each side of the midline, from lateral to medial: segment pair W, X, Y and Z, respectively (Boyan and Williams et al., 2011; Ito and Awasaki, 2008).

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flange [FBbt_00045050]

A small, bilaterally paired, triangular synaptic neuropil domain that lies above the anterior end of the saddle, on both sides of the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). It lies at the root of the median bundle, behind the prow (Ito et al., 2014). It forms the dorsal part of the adult tritocerebrum, developing from the centromedial and dorsal domains of the larval tritocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2018). The flange corresponds to the dorsoposterior part of the subesophageal ganglion (SOG) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to part of the anterior periesophageal neuropils (Ito et al., 2014).

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gorget [FBbt_00040039]

A thin plate-like, bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain that protrudes medially from below the inferior clamp to the area between the great commissure and the central body. Its medial tip extends towards the noduli. The name gorget is taken from the name for a steel collar used to protect one’s throat. The position of the gorget corresponds to the throat if the vest and epaulette are respectively taken to be body and shoulders. The gorget corresponds to part of the inferior region of the vmpr of Otsuna and Ito (2006) and to the supracommissural ventromedial cerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).

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inferior bridge [FBbt_00040050]

Posterior-most synaptic neuropil domain of the midline. It is the only synaptic neuropil domain outside of the central complex that is fused across the midline. It is located behind the fan-shaped body and below the protocerebral bridge. The IB corresponds to part of the superior spsl of Otsuna and Ito (2006). The IB also corresponds to the ventral part of the caudalcentral protocerebrum (CCP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to part of the posterior inferior protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).

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inferior clamp [FBbt_00040049]

Inferior (ventral) part of the clamp, between the pedunculus and the central complex. It is located below the superior ellipsoid commissure (SEC) and superior arch commissure (SAC). Different regions of the ICL correspond to the subdivisions of the impr and vmpr (Otsuna and Ito, 2006). The anterior and posterior regions of the superior ICL match part of impr; the inferior ICL match part of vmpr. The ICL also corresponds to the dorsomedial protocerebrum (DMP) of Chiang et al., (2011) and to the ventral inferior protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2014).

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inner layer of the larval mushroom body [FBbt_00110202]

Inner layer of the third instar larval mushroom body, encompassing the pedunculus and lobes. It is surrounded by the outer layer. Part of the larval-born gamma type Kenyon cells are contained in this layer. This layer was identified by staining with a FasII antibody. The inner layer is FasII-positive. At the second larval instar, the outer and inner layers are part of the same middle layer (Pauls et al., 2010; Kurusu et al., 2002).

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intermediate tectulum [FBbt_00047519]

Adult neuropil region spanning the three thoracic neuromeres, ventral to the neck, wing and haltere neuropils of the upper tectulum and dorsal to the lower tectulum (Namiki et al., 2018; Court et al., 2020). It extends from the prothoracic medial ventral association center to the posterior margin of the mesothoracic neuromere at the commissure of fine fibers (Court et al., 2020). Referred to as ‘tectulum’ by Namiki et al. (2018), but does not exactly correspond to Power’s (1948) tectulum (FBbt:00007727). Originally named ‘upper tectulum’, as this was the upper of two ‘tectulum’ layers in Namiki et al. (2018), but this region is the intermediate layer of Court et al. (2020).

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intermediate toe of larval mushroom body medial lobe [FBbt_00047978]

Medialmost part of the larval mushroom body medial lobe, which forms a compartment defined by the innervation pattern of mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MBINs and MBONs) (Saumweber et al., 2018). This appears to be within the M1 region described by Pauls et al., 2010. Unclear how well shaft, upper toe, intermediate toe, lower toe terminology from Saumweber et al., 2018 (FlyBase:FBrf0238440) maps to M2, M1 and medial appendix from Pauls et al., 2010 (FlyBase:FBrf0211533) [FBC:CP].

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labial sensory center [FBbt_00040055]

Region that spans the labial and maxillary neuromeres of the adult brain and contains the terminals of sensory neurons that enter via the posterior and intermediate posterior roots of the maxillary-labial nerve (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010; Kendroud et al., 2018), including some gustatory neurons of the labellum (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). Three distinct subregions can be identified: a posterior zone (LS1), a ventral protrusion on the posterior side of LS1 (LS2) and an anterior medial zone (LS3) (Miyazaki and Ito, 2010). It develops from the anterior part of the larval ventromedial sensory center (the posterior part is pinched off and remains in the ventral nerve cord) (Kendroud et al., 2018).

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larval anterior central sensory compartment [FBbt_00051407]

Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within the dorsal part of the ventromedial neuropil domain of the tritocerebrum and mandibular neuromere (Kendroud et al., 2018). It contains sensory afferents of neurons from the pharyngeal and maxillary-labial nerves (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). AC of Miroschnikow et al. (2018) and ACSC of Kendroud et al. (2018) refer to approximately the same anatomy, but boundaries may not precisely correspond - see author response of Miroschnikow et al. (2018). Notably ACpl was not identified by Kendroud et al. (2018) (Miroschnikow et al., 2018).

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larval anterior central sensory compartment anterior lateral region [FBbt_00048495]

Small region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment that is just posterior to the antennal lobe (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of neurons from the dorsal organ ganglion that enter the CNS via the antennal-pharyngeal nerve (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). ACSCal of Kendroud et al. (2018) - FBrf0237251 is larger, extends further medially and contains many DPS neuron terminals. This region, defined by Miroschnikow et al. (2018) contains only external (DOG) neuron terminals. The DPS neuron terminals of Kendroud et al. (2018) are probably part of the posterior region (as defined by Miroschnikow et al., 2018), which extends further anteriorly along the lateral border of the anterior medial region, compared to the posterior region of Kendroud et al. (2018), and consists of external and pharyngeal neuron terminals.

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larval anterior central sensory compartment anterior medial region [FBbt_00048492]

Anterior medial region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of sensory neurons from the enteric nervous system that enter the CNS via the medial root of the antennal-pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018).

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larval anterior central sensory compartment posterior lateral region [FBbt_00048497]

Region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment that is lateral to the posterior region (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of sensory neurons that enter the CNS via the antennal and maxillary nerves (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). Identified based on synaptic clustering of sensory neurons in a first instar EM volume (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). This region was not identified by Kendroud et al. (2018) - FBrf0237251 (Miroschnikow et al., 2018).

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larval anterior central sensory compartment posterior region [FBbt_00048496]

Relatively large region of the larval anterior central sensory compartment, found between the anterior medial and posterior lateral regions (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of sensory neurons that enter the CNS via the antennal and maxillary nerves (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). ACSCp of Kendroud et al. (2018) - FBrf0237251 is smaller and does not extend as far anteriorly as this region, defined by Miroschnikow et al. (2018). The DPS neuron terminals in the ACSCal of Kendroud et al. (2018) are probably part of the this region.

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larval anterior ventral sensory compartment [FBbt_00051408]

Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within a superficial (ventral) region of the ventromedial neuropil domain of the tritocerebrum and mandibular neuromere (Kendroud et al., 2018). It contains sensory afferents of neurons from the pharyngeal and maxillary-labial nerves (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). AV of Miroschnikow et al. (2018) and AVSC of Kendroud et al. (2018) refer to approximately the same anatomy, but boundaries may not precisely correspond - see author response of Miroschnikow et al. (2018).

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larval anterior ventral sensory compartment anterior region [FBbt_00048493]

Anterior region of the larval anterior ventral sensory compartment. It contains the terminals of enteric neurons from the frontal connective that enter via the medial root of the pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It is also contributed to by neurons of the dorsal pharyngeal sense organ that follow the anterior root of the pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018; Miroschnikow et al., 2018).

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larval central sensory compartment [FBbt_00051404]

Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within the central neuropil domain (Kendroud et al., 2018). In the anterior prothoracic neuromere, it narrows to a thin bundle, but continues to extend anteriorly through the gnathal neuromeres (Kendroud et al., 2018). Anteriorly, in the tritocerebrum, it contains the projections of a small bundle of axons from the antennal nerve, foreshadowing the position of the adult antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Kendroud et al., 2018). It contains the terminals of chordotonal organ neurons (Kendroud et al., 2018).

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larval dorsomedial sensory compartment [FBbt_00051406]

Sensory compartment of the larval central nervous system that is found mainly within the dorsomedial neuropil domain (Kendroud et al., 2018). In the anterior prothoracic neuromere, it narrows to a thin bundle that continues to extend anteriorly through the gnathal neuromeres, but does not appear to receive any projections from sensory neurons of the maxillary-labial nerve or antennal-pharyngeal nerve (Kendroud et al., 2018).

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larval MB calyx glomerulus D5 [FBbt_00007204]

A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that is usually located dorsomedially, anteromedial to the larval mushroom body calyx D3. It is not always distinct from glomerulus D4 (FBbt:00007212). Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2005 mentions that D5 is not always distinct from D4. Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2009 treats them as the same glomerulus. So, there may be a good case for merging these two terms.

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larval MB calyx glomerulus L1 [FBbt_00007196]

A larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus that receives synaptic input from larval uniglomerular projection neuron 13a. It is usually the most dorsoposterior glomerulus of the calyx.

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