A small area of neuropil on the frontomedial edge of the medulla, close to the outgoing fibers running from the serpentine layer to the posterior optic commissure. It is the descendant of the larval optic neuropil (Sprecher et al., 2011).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral wedge. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral cantle, the contralateral gorget and the ipsilateral cantle. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VLPd&p1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral wedge, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, the ipsilateral wedge, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It belongs to the VLPl&p2_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is dopamine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior-lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Perineurial glial cell of the adult optic lobe that overlies the outer perimeter of the lamina, following its chalice-like shape (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Kremer et al., 2017).
Subperineurial glial cell of the adult optic lobe that overlies the outer perimeter of the lamina, following its chalice-like shape (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Kremer et al., 2017).
Adult lobula columnar LC14 (dorsal cluster) neuron with a contralateral axon that innervates only the lobula (Langen et al., 2013). There are approximately 11-55 of these cells per hemisphere (Linneweber et al., 2020).
Ensheathing glial cell of the distal adult medulla. These cells are organized as highly columnar structures and show a characteristic branching pattern in M3 and M6, where photoreceptors R8 and R7 terminate, and in M7, the serpentine layer (Kremer et al., 2017). They form a dense sheath (Kremer et al., 2017).
Adult descending neuron that has a large soma in the brain. Its dendrites are mainly found in the dorsal brain, including in the optic lobe and lateral horn (Liu et al., 2023). It has extensive axonal arborization in the brain, including the optic lobe, mushroom body and subesophageal zone, as well as all neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord (Liu et al., 2023). It responds to noxiously high temperatures via the painless receptor and releases Allatostatin C to alleviate thermal nociception (Liu et al., 2023). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Liu et al., 2023).
Adult descending neuron that has a large soma in the brain. Its dendrites are mainly found in the dorsal brain, including in the optic lobe and lateral horn (Liu et al., 2023). It has extensive axonal arborization in the brain, including the optic lobe, mushroom body and subesophageal zone, as well as all neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord (Liu et al., 2023). It responds to noxiously high temperatures via the painless receptor and releases Allatostatin C to alleviate thermal nociception (Liu et al., 2023). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Liu et al., 2023).
Specialized ensheathing glial cell of the lamina (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017). These cells form a contiguous layer at the proximal surface of the lamina and associate with multiple lamina columns (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017). Their processes extend into the lamina, ensheathing proximal parts of the cartridges (Kremer et al., 2017). They also extend protrusions proximally into the outer chiasm (Kremer et al., 2017). It is between the marginal glial cells and epithelial glial cells that the R1-R6 growth cones terminate (Poeck et al., 2001; Winberg et al., 1992). There are around 100 of these cells per lamina (Kremer et al., 2017).
Glial cell located in the lamina neuropil (Kremer et al., 2017).
Cell body glial cell of the lamina. Unlike in other cell body rind regions of the brain, the cell body glia of the lamina form two distinct layers and multiple neuronal cell bodies may be found in one glial pocket (Kremer et al., 2017).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, the contralateral vest and the contralateral epaulette. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior clamp. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell with its soma at the surface of either the adult lobula or lobula plate (lobula complex) neuropil regions (Kremer et al., 2017). These cells take many shapes and sizes and may form branches into one or both neuropils (Kremer et al., 2017).
Ensheathing glial cell with its soma at the surface of the either the lobula or lobula plate (lobula complex) neuropil regions (Kremer et al., 2017). These cells form columnar processes perpendicular to the neuropil margin, as well as tangential processes parallel to the margin (Kremer et al., 2017). They form a complex three-dimensional arrangement of branches (Kremer et al., 2017).
Adult dorsal cluster neuron with an axon that innervates the lobula (Langen et al., 2013). There are approximately 11-55 of these cells per hemisphere (Linneweber et al., 2020).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula plate and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula plate, the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula plate and the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral vest and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VLPd&p1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle and the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral wedge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral vest. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral gorget, the contralateral gorget and the ipsilateral epaulette. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral wedge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_ventral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the lobula. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the SLPa&l1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle and the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the SLPpl2 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior clamp. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the contralateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the MX7 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral vest, the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral cantle and the ipsilateral vest. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the inferior bridge. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the ellipsoid body. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the mushroom body medial lobe. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, the contralateral vest and the contralateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula and the contralateral lateral accessory lobe. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the lateral horn. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the mushroom body medial lobe. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the MX3 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula plate and the contralateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral lobula and the contralateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult neuron that receives visual input from visual projection neurons (VPNs), rather than directly from sensory neurons, and conveys it to higher brain regions (Li et al., 2020). Many of these integrate inputs from multiple VPNs with non-visual inputs (Li et al., 2020).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the anterior optic tubercle. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell located in the adult medulla neuropil. There are at least three subtypes and they show tiling and have a high structural density (Kremer et al., 2017).
Glial cell located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It is similar to cell body glial cells of the central brain (Kremer et al., 2017).
Adult dorsal cluster neuron with an axon that innervates the medulla (Langen et al., 2013). There are approximately 6-23 of these cells per hemisphere (Linneweber et al., 2020).
Ensheathing glial cell located in the adult medulla neuropil. There are at least two subtypes, forming a dense sheath around the distal medulla and serpentine layer, where their cell bodies are found (Kremer et al., 2017). Rather than having its own ensheathing glia, the proximal medulla is invaded by fine processes from the inner chiasm glia (Kremer et al., 2017).
Glial cell located in the medulla neuropil. There are at least three subtypes of reticular glia and at least two subtypes of ensheathing glia (Kremer et al., 2017).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral mushroom body calyx and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral mushroom body calyx. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral vest, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral wedge and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral gorget and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral lateral horn. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral wedge and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the contralateral lobula, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral accessory medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral accessory medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral mushroom body calyx, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral accessory medulla and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the antler. It belongs to the SMPp&v1_ventral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is dopamine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral accessory medulla, the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral accessory medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the protocerebral bridge. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the contralateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the antler. It belongs to the DM1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral accessory medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-dorsal to the inferior posterior slope. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral wedge and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the protocerebral bridge. It belongs to the DM1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input from R7 (and not R8) photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area (DRA) in the proximal part of medulla layer M6 (Kind et al, 2021). Its arbors span several columns, and may include columns outside of the DRA, though its non-DRA arbors are just proximal to M6, avoiding photoreceptor terminals (Kind et al., 2021). It has presynaptic sites in the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle, in a region distinct from the terminals of non-DRA MeTu neurons (Kind et al, 2021).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate, the contralateral lobula plate, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral wedge and the contralateral wedge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the protocerebral bridge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the protocerebral bridge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
A region of the adult brain that processes visual information from the compound eyes.
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell found in the optic lobe (Kremer et al., 2017).
Any glial cell (FBbt:00005144) that is part of some cell body rind of adult optic lobe (FBbt:00111152).
Any ensheathing glial cell (FBbt:00047836) that is part of some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701).
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that synapses restricted to region some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701).
Any neuropil glial cell (FBbt:00001303) that is part of some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701).
Perineurial glial cell of the adult optic lobe. These cells form long thin strips along the dorsal-ventral axis (Kremer et al., 2017).
Any glial cell (FBbt:00005144) that is part of some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701) and is part of some subperineurial glial sheath (FBbt:00007091).
Adult s-LNv neuron that does not express Pdf (FBgn0023178). There is one of these in each ventral cluster of LN period neurons. It is located more dorsally than the s-LNv Pdf neurons (Helfrich-Forster, 2007; Rieger et al., 2006). It extends a single neurite through the medulla that invades the lamina, forming thin arborizations in the lamina cortex near the retina that terminate at the border of the fenestrated glia (Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011). In the central brain, it extends arborizations that predominantly terminate in the neuropil region close to the pars intercerebralis. This neuron also expresses ion transport peptide (ITP) (Schubert et al., 2018). It is an evening cell (Liang et al., 2016; Liang et al., 2017; Delventhal et al., 2019).
Ensheathing glial cell with its soma in the serpentine layer of the adult medulla (Kremer et al., 2017). It sends columnar branches into both the distal and proximal medulla (Kremer et al., 2017). These cells form a dense sheath (Kremer et al., 2017).
Glial cell belonging to either of the two layers of the perineurium in the adult optic lobe (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Kremer et al., 2017). They are found between the retina and the cell body rind of the lamina and enwrap the entrance points of the photoreceptor axon bundles (Kremer et al., 2017).
Neuron with its synapses restricted to the primary visual centers of the adult, i.e. the optic lobes or ocellar ganglia.
Any adult visual projection neuron that has presynaptic terminals in the mushroom body (Vogt et al., 2016). These fasciculate with an optic lobe-calycal tract (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with most of its input and output synapses in the accessory medulla, with a small extension into medulla layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). Its main site of innervation in the central brain is the posterior lateral protocerebrum, where it also has pre- and post-synapses (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layers 6-7, with a small extension into layer 1, and in the ipsilateral accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre-and post-synapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It sends output to the contralateral accessory medulla and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Visual projection neuron that has a characteristic wide-field dendritic arborization pattern in the medulla with vertical extensions selectively innervating the optic columns of pale ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). It also receives input in the accessory medulla, which is near its soma (Li et al., 2020; Kind et al., 2021). It projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, mushroom body ventral accessory calyx, and superior clamp in both hemispheres (Li et al., 2020; Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately three of these cells per hemisphere and they tend not to innervate the same medulla columns as one another (Kind et al., 2021).
aMe12#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; aMe12#1 (FAFB:7038035); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; accessory medulla neuron 12]
aMe12#2 [aMe12#2 (FAFB:28841); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; accessory medulla neuron 12]
aMe12#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; aMe12#3 (FAFB:164544); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; accessory medulla neuron 12]
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla, the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and clamp of both hemispheres and the contralateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral superior lateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and superior and inferior clamp (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input mainly in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, but also in medulla layer M6 and the accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 100 columns of medulla layer M6, where it has a large tangential arbor (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input mainly in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, but also in the gnathal ganglion and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 200 columns of medulla layers M3-M4, where it has a large tangential arbor (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input mainly in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, but also in lobula layer 6, medulla layer M6, the accessory medulla and the superior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 150 columns of medulla layers M6-M7, where it has a large tangential arbor, with additional output in M1 and M2-M3 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 80 columns of lobula layer 6 and the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and also sends output to the superior clamp and superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that has most of its input and output in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult interneuron that receives input in around 20 columns of lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and in the superior medial protocerebrum of both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 80 columns of medulla layers M6-M7, where it has a wide tangential arbor, and the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and also sends output to the superior clamp and superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult visual projection neuron that receives input in around 80 columns of medulla layers M6-M7, where it has a wide tangential arbor, and the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It also has outputs in the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, with several extensions into the medulla, particularly layer M1, where it spans around 40 columns with a tangential arbor (Nern et al., 2025). Its main output site is the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it has postsynapses in the accessory medulla and medulla layers M6-M7, spanning around 20 columns, and presynapses in around 60 columns of layer M1 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are 9 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input mainly in medulla layer M6, spanning around 20 columns with a tangential arbor (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 20-30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, extending into around 5 columns of medulla layer M1 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It has its soma lateral to the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult optic lobe intrinsic neuron with pre- and post-synapses mainly in the accessory medulla, but also extending slightly into the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has its soma lateral to the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral neuron with its pre- and post-synapses mainly in the accessory medulla and medulla layer M1 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has its soma lateral to the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 30-40 columns of lobula layer 6 as well as having some pre- and post-synapses in the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 30-40 columns of the ipsilateral medulla layers M6-M7 and has pre- and post-synapses in the contralateral accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum of both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Anterior cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the anterior cone-cell, but does not abutt it.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some anterior cone cell (FBbt:00004195).
A small DN3 neuron that projects to the posterior side of the brain (Sun et al., 2022). There are 2 or 3 such neurons per hemisphere. They project dendrites to the accessory medulla and receives excitatory input from the DN1 neurons. They send output to the claw neurons (CL) as part of a DN1-APDN3-CL sleep-promoting feedback loop. They express allatostatin C (AstC).
Visual organ of the larva that is anchored to the basal surface of the thin epithelium of the dorsal pouch, lateral to the musculature of the pharynx (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It consists of a dense cluster of approximately 12 photoreceptor neurons and no support cells (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It is connected to the brain via the Bolwig nerve (Green et al., 1993).
Adult centrifugal neuron with arborizations in the medulla layers M1, M5/M6, M8 and M10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). In the medulla, it makes reciprocal connections to lamina monopolar neuron L1, and is presynaptic to L2 and L5, as well as medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is GABAergic (Fei et al., 2010). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
C2#1, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); C2#1 (FAFB:11453787); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#2, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; C2#2 (FAFB:11472485); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#3, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; C2#3 (FAFB:11456776); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#4, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; C2#4 (FAFB:12044212); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#5, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain; C2#5 (FAFB:11906497)]
Adult centrifugal neuron with arborizations in medulla layers M1-2, M5, and M9-10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It forms presynapses and postsynapses in the lamina (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). In the medulla it is strongly presynaptic to monopolar lamina neuron L2 and columnar neuron T1, and strongly postsynaptic to L1 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is GABAergic (Fei et al., 2010). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
C3#1, FBbt:00003744 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; C3#1 (FAFB:11471581); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; centrifugal neuron C3]
C3#2, FBbt:00003744 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; C3#2 (FAFB:12002622); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; centrifugal neuron C3]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the anterior part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the anterior part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the anterior part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the lobula plate rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the lamina.
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the lateral surface of the lamina (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the lateral surface of the medulla (Ito et al., 2014).
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the lobula.
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the lobula plate.
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the medial surface of the lamina (Ito et al., 2014).
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the medulla.
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior surface of the lobula plate (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the lobula plate rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
Tangential neuron of the horizontal system with wide-field arborization consisting of mixed pre- and post-synaptic within lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2020). There are two of these cells (dorsal and ventral) that tile the entire layer, with significant overlap (Boergens et al., 2018). They also have dense presynaptic arborization in the inferior posterior slope (Boergens et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2020). Their cell bodies are found in the opposite hemisphere to these arborizations (Boergens et al., 2018), close to the midline in the anterior brain (Wei et al., 2020). They are GABAergic (Wei et al., 2020).
Intrinsic neuron of the medulla with its main arbors in the central (M6/M7) layers (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult visual projection neuron with a columnar arborization pattern that connects multiple optic lobe neuropil domains (lobula, lobula plate, medulla) and projects to the central brain (Otsuna and Ito, 2006).
Adult visual projection neuron with a cell body in the lateral cell body rind region (between the central brain and optic lobe) that innervates more than one neuropil domain of the optic lobe (lobula, lobula plate, medulla) and has a columnar pattern of arborization.
A cell type of the ommatidium. Each ommatidium contains four cone cells. The four cell bodies form a plate that is the floor of the pseudocone and the roof of the rhabdomere chamber. The surface facing the pseudocone is covered with small papillae that secrete lens materials. The lower surface, facing the photoreceptors, makes numerous hemi-desmosomes with the extracellular cap above the rhabdomeres. Each cone cell extends a thin process, the inter-retinular fiber, between the photoreceptors to the base of the ommatidium where it makes a foot. The four cone cell feet make a plug at the base of the rhabdomere chamber. Cone cells contain coarse ommochrome pigment granules.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some cone cell (FBbt:00004193).
Chitinous extracellular laminar secretion that covers each ommatidia of the adult eye. It is optically clear and biconvex, being around 5um thick at its center, and it covers the pseudocone layer. It is secreted by the underlying four cone cells and two primary pigment cells. The cornea between the facets is secreted by the secondary and tertiary pigment cells and although continuous with the lens, it is not stacked in deep layers.
Large tangential cell that spans the opposing faces of the medulla layer M10 and lobula layer 1 to form modular associations, one per column, with both T4 and T5 in both neuropil regions (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is strongly presynaptic to T4 and T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It has its cell body near the midline in the anterior central brain, close to the antennal lobes, and it projects to the contralateral optic lobe. There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it is GABAergic (Takemura et al., 2017).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron of the calyx group that arborizes in the dorsoposterior part of the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 4 visual field (Zhao et al., 2023), receiving input from around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also sends dendrites into other lobula plate layers and into the lobula (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 50 columns of the contralateral lobula plate layers 3 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025) and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Centrifugal horizontal neuron that arborizes in the dorsal part of lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018).
Virtual image of the photoreceptor tips, formed from the superposition of all images of the ommatidia at the centre of the curvature of the compound eye, where the ommatidial optic axes converge (Franceschini and Kirschfeld, 1971; Fenk et al., 2022).
Virtual image of the photoreceptor tips, formed from the superposition of all images of the ommatidia at the centre of the curvature of the compound eye, where the ommatidial optic axes converge (Franceschini and Kirschfeld, 1971; Fenk et al., 2022).
Dm3 neuron with posterior-ventrally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3b based on its lack of bi expression (Ozel et al., 2021).
Dm3 neuron with posterior-dorsally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3a based on its expression of bi (Ozel et al., 2021).
An amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla, whose soma is located in the cortex of the medulla and that branches and arborizes in the distal medulla. These neurons project through the distal surface of the medulla, to form wide (sometimes very wide) terminal arborizations mainly or completely restricted to a single layer of the medulla.
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that arborizes in layer M6, where it receives input from approximately 9 R7 photoreceptor cells of the dorsal rim area of the retina, but not photoreceptors outside of the dorsal rim area (Sancer et al., 2019; Kind et al., 2021). These cells also form presynaptic sites just below M6 (Sancer et al., 2019; Kind et al., 2021). They vary in morphology based on their position (Sancer et al., 2019).
Dm-DRA1#1, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#1 (FAFB:11993076); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#10, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#10 (FAFB:14065298)]
Dm-DRA1#11, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#11 (FAFB:10265806); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#12, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#12 (FAFB:11903982); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#13, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#13 (FAFB:11992843); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#14, FBbt:00049483 [Dm-DRA1#14 (FAFB:11141229); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#15, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#15 (FAFB:13979721); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#16, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#16 (FAFB:11993798); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#17, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#17 (FAFB:13607720); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#18, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#18 (FAFB:11769714)]
Dm-DRA1#19, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#19 (FAFB:17170763); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#2, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#2 (FAFB:11993695); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#20, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#20 (FAFB:15976817); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#3, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#3 (FAFB:16766812); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#4, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#4 (FAFB:17155321)]
Dm-DRA1#5, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#5 (FAFB:10440160); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#6, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#6 (FAFB:11896101); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#7, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#7 (FAFB:12106449); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#8, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#8 (FAFB:10247370)]
Dm-DRA1#9, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#9 (FAFB:17156427); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that arborizes in layer M6, where it receives input from approximately 9 R8 photoreceptor cells of the dorsal rim area of the retina, but not photoreceptors outside of the dorsal rim area (Sancer et al., 2019; Kind et al., 2021). These cells do not project deeper than M6, but have vertical projections, extending upwards from M6, following incoming R8 terminals (Sancer et al., 2019). They vary in morphology based on their position (Sancer et al., 2019).
Dm-DRA2#1, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm-DRA2#1 (FAFB:10411788); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#10, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm-DRA2#10 (FAFB:11981475); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#2, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA2#2 (FAFB:10483848); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#3, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); Dm-DRA2#3 (FAFB:11710979); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#4, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA2#4 (FAFB:10449076); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#5, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; Dm-DRA2#5 (FAFB:10484771); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#6, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA2#6 (FAFB:17163676)]
Dm-DRA2#7, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA2#7 (FAFB:13262259)]
Dm-DRA2#8, FBbt:00049484 [Dm-DRA2#8 (FAFB:14311483); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#9, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA2#9 (FAFB:11918436)]
Dm#1, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm#1 (FAFB:11511057)]
Dm#10, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm#10 (FAFB:16110049)]
Dm#11, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; Dm#11 (FAFB:11993803); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#12, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm#12 (FAFB:10479097); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#2, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm#2 (FAFB:11448962); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#3, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm#3 (FAFB:11474156); distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#4, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm#4 (FAFB:10106710); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#5, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm#5 (FAFB:11455001); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#6, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm#6 (FAFB:10562974); distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#7, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm#7 (FAFB:11723759); distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#8, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm#8 (FAFB:10638022)]
Dm#9, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm#9 (FAFB:10537970); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the anterior region of the cell body rind of the medulla. It branches extensively at the distal surface of the medulla forming a moderately broad arbor with each branch making a distinctive bouton-like terminal in the region between M1 and M2 (in the same sublayer as Dm18, and more proximal than Dm9 and Dm10 in M1), from which short, fine terminal branches project (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering around 20-30 columns, but with these areas overlapping. The size of the terminals of Dm1 is smaller than those of Dm18. There are around 40 Dm1 neurons per hemisphere. They are glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Dm11#1, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm11#1 (FAFB:11450453); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11]
Dm11#2, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm11#2 (FAFB:11444398); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11]
Dm11#3, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11; Dm11#3 (FAFB:11455071)]
Dm11#4, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm11#4 (FAFB:17161735); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It terminates with a small bushy arbor with mixed terminal morphology in layers M3-M6B. The arbors in M6B extend into neighboring columns on the dorsal side. The small arbors cover 2 columns in M6 and one in the other layers. It is cholinergic (Konstantinides et al., 2022).
Dm2#1, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#1 (FAFB:11448822)]
Dm2#10, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#10 (FAFB:17254550)]
Dm2#11, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#11 (FAFB:14305318)]
Dm2#2, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm2#2 (FAFB:10499249); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#3, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; Dm2#3 (FAFB:11453277); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#4, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#4 (FAFB:11466216)]
Dm2#5, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; Dm2#5 (FAFB:11449694); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#6, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; Dm2#6 (FAFB:17162382); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#7, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Dm2#7 (FAFB:11918130); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#8, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#8 (FAFB:14065353)]
Dm2#9, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; Dm2#9 (FAFB:10655668); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It projects asymmetrically along layers M2 and M3A forming mixed morphology arborizations (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The arborization is proximal to that of Dm15 in M2 and distal to Dm4, Dm12 and Dm20 in M3B. Its arbor has a distinct narrow and elongated shape, covering one column wide and 10 columns long. The arbors overlap significantly between cells, aligning with rows of medulla columns, and extending in one of two orthogonal orientations. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). There are two subtypes with different dendrite orientation, synaptic partners and gene expression (Ozel et al., 2021).
Dm3 neuron with posterior-ventrally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3b based on its lack of bi expression (Ozel et al., 2021).
Dm3 neuron with posterior-dorsally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3a based on its expression of bi (Ozel et al., 2021).
Dm3 neuron with dorsoventrally oriented processes in the medulla (Matsliah et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025).
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the anterior region of the cell body rind of the medulla. The main neurite extends into M6, and then turns back to arborize in the boundary between M5 and M6, and in M3B, with mixed morphology arborizations. The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering around 21 columns, but with these areas tiling. It is located in a central position in the column, surrounded by the terminal of photoreceptors R7 and R8, with the cell boundaries following the column boundaries. There are around 40 Dm4 neurons per hemisphere. They are glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that has a moderately broad, fine terminal arborization in layers M4-6. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the ventral region of the cell body rind of the medulla. It branches extensively at the distal surface of the medulla forming a broad arbor with each branch making a distinctive bleb-type terminal in the boundary between M1 and M2 layers from which short, fine terminal branches project into M2. The arborization overlaps with both the sublayers occupied by Dm1/Dm18, and Dm14/Dm17/Dm19. The arborizations in M1/M2 are enriched in presynaptic terminals. The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering around 30-40 columns, with these areas overlapping. It is located in a intracolumnar position, in the same region as the terminals of lamina monopolar neuron L2, and more central than that of Dm1 and Dm14. There are around 30 Dm6 neurons per hemisphere.
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches in layer M6. The branches spread along the layer, forming an arbor in M6 with terminals of mixed morphology. Some collaterals from this arbor extend to M4 where they also spread to form an arbor with terminals of mixed morphology.
Dm8#1, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm8#1 (FAFB:10109586); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#10, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#10 (FAFB:10410432); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#11, FBbt:00013774 [Dm8#11 (FAFB:10196189); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#12, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#12 (FAFB:10245571); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#13, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm8#13 (FAFB:10971698); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#14, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#14 (FAFB:11445681)]
Dm8#15, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#15 (FAFB:10995248)]
Dm8#2, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#2 (FAFB:11453021)]
Dm8#3, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#3 (FAFB:10411811)]
Dm8#4, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#4 (FAFB:10208775); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#5, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; Dm8#5 (FAFB:11453311); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#6, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#6 (FAFB:11500071)]
Dm8#7, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#7 (FAFB:11523807); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#8, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#8 (FAFB:10419714); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#9, FBbt:00013774 [Dm8#9 (FAFB:11447520); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Glutamatergic (Gao et al., 2008; Karuppudurai et al., 2014) distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches extensively in medulla layer M6A (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2013; Nern et al., 2015), spanning approximately 16 medulla columns (Karuppudurai et al., 2014), with centrifugal projections back to layer M4 (Takemura et al., 2013; Nern et al., 2015). The highest arbor density and longest distal projection are usually found in one optic column (its ‘home column’), near the center of the M6A arborization, with these columns tiling between different individual Dm8 cells, while the rest of the arbor overlaps with other Dm8 cells considerably (Gao et al., 2008; Nern et al., 2015; Kind et al., 2021). In layer M6, it is postsynaptic to several R7 photoreceptor cells and presynaptic to Tm5c (Gao et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2013; Karuppudurai et al., 2014). The contacts with Tm5c are clustered in one column at the center of the dendritic field of Dm8 (Karuppudurai et al., 2014). It is involved in UV preference (Gao et al., 2008).
Dm9#1, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#1 (FAFB:11452427)]
Dm9#10, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#10 (FAFB:10655888); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#11, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#11 (FAFB:14933802)]
Dm9#12, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#12 (FAFB:14310274); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#2, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#2 (FAFB:11447061)]
Dm9#3, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#3 (FAFB:11450495); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#4, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#4 (FAFB:11484679); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#5, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; Dm9#5 (FAFB:11454714); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#6, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#6 (FAFB:11444386); female organism; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#7, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#7 (FAFB:11916195)]
Dm9#8, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#8 (FAFB:12013129); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#9, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Dm9#9 (FAFB:10657500); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body posterior to the inferior posterior slope (Matsuo et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). The primary neurite extends anterodorsally and branches in the posterior region of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, with one branch extending laterally to form postsynaptic terminals in the lobula (Matsuo et al., 2016). A ventral branch forms a dense dendritic arbor encompassing the ipsilateral antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone B, wedge, posterior lateral protocerebrum, and anterior and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, including the LC4 glomerulus and non-glomerular regions (Matsuo et al., 2016). A thin neurite projects medially and fasciculates with the great commissure, then turns ventrally and forms presynaptic terminals bilaterally in the saddle and posterior gnathal ganglion (Matsuo et al., 2016). Some individuals may have additional ipsilateral brain innervation (Matsuo et al., 2016). It descends on the contralateral side of the cervical connective, fasciculates with the median tract of the dorsal cervical fascicle and innervates the intermediate and lower tectulum, abdominal neuromere, and T1 and T2 leg neuropils (Namiki et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Matsuo et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives looming stimulus input from posterior LC4 neurons and its activity results in a forwards leaning posture and forwards takeoff (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body on the posterior surface of the brain (Namiki et al., 2018). In the brain, it has dendrites in the inferior and superior posterior slope (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). In the VNC, it fasciculates with the intermediate tract of the dorsal cervical fascicle and sends output to the neck and haltere neuropils (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives input from horizontal system neurons in the inferior posterior slope (Erginkaya et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it remains ipsilateral (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018).
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body on the posterior surface of the brain (Namiki et al., 2018). It has dendritic arbors in the inferior and superior posterior slope that form a characteristic Y shape (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives a large amount of its input from ocellar ganglion interneurons (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It has a large diameter descending axon and it sends output to the neck neuropil (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it remains ipsilateral (Namiki et al., 2018). It is cholinergic (Cheong et al., 2024).
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body on the posterior surface of the brain (Namiki et al., 2018). It has dendritic arbors in the inferior and superior posterior slope that form a characteristic Y shape (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives a large amount of input from ocellar ganglion interneurons (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). In the VNC, it fasciculates with the median tract of the dorsal cervical fascicle and has outputs in the neck, wing and haltere neuropils (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it remains ipsilateral (Namiki et al., 2018).
Any eye photoreceptor cell (FBbt:00006009) that is part of some dorsal margin ommatidium (FBbt:02000000).
Equatorial cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the polar cone-cell, abutting it.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some equatorial cone cell (FBbt:00004197).
One neuron per cluster of four l-LNv neurons characterized by its more restricted projection pattern on the surface of the ipsi- and contralateral medulla.
A bilaterally paired compound sense organ of the adult head that functions in visual perception.
Line on the dorsoventral midline of the adult eye that separates the dorsal and ventral ommatidia, forming a line of mirror image symmetry.
Photoreceptor cell that forms the core of each ommatidium in the adult eye. Eight of these photoreceptors are arranged in each ommatidial core, bundled like the staves of a barrel. Each has a photosensitive rhabdomere that projects into the barrel cavity and adjacent supporting membrane, the stalk (Wolff and Ready, 1993). Each extends an axon into the optic lobe. Activation of the photoreceptor by light results in depolarization and in histamine release at the synapses of these axons (Sarthy, 1991).
Apically located membrane that supports the eye photoreceptor rhabdomere.
Cluster of four extra-retinal Rh6-expressing, green-light sensitive photoreceptor cells located between the eye and the optic lobe (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It is found beneath the basement membrane, at the posterior margin of the compound eye, near to the equator. There is one of these on each side (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It is derived from the Rh5-expressing cells of the larval Bolwig organ, which switch their rhodopsin expression during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It participates in entrainment of the molecular clock (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the lateral region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layers 1 and 2, with sparse terminals in layer 3, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). It also has a small branch extending to the lobula (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the medial region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
Chiasma lying between the lamina and medulla of the optic lobe (Ito et al., 2014). Axons reverse the anterior-posterior order between the lamina and the medulla, with axons from the anterior lamina cartridges projecting to the posterior medulla columns (Ito et al., 2014).
LC10a neuron that expresses fruitless. In the male, neurons of this class are thought to be involved in female tracking and the orientation of courtship behavior towards the female (Ribeiro et al., 2018).
Bilateral neuron that innervates the lobula plates of both hemispheres with tangential arbors spanning almost the entire width of each (Wei et al., 2020). Its ipsilateral processes are postsynaptic and innervate layer 2 only (Wei et al., 2020; Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its contralateral branch follows the anterior optic tract to the contralateral lobula plate layers 1 and 2, where it has presynaptic terminals (Bausenwein et al., 1990; Wei et al., 2020; Shinomiya et al., 2022). There is one of these cells per hemisphere with its soma in the cleft between the central brain and the optic lobe (Wei et al., 2020). It is glutamatergic (Wei et al., 2020). It is activated by back-to-front motion during flight (Bausenwein et al., 1990).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates most of the ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2 and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP terminals are mixed pre- and post-synaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020; Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020). Its contralateral projection passes frontal to the noduli (Zhao et al., 2023). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023).
Adult unilateral interneuron that arborizes in the inferior posterior slope, receiving input from contralateral H2 cells and forming feedback connections selectively with them (Erginkaya et al., 2025). It is GABAergic (Erginkaya et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Erginkaya et al., 2025).
Cholinergic, rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell of the eyelet (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 1999). It expresses Rh6 and is green light-sensitive (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It develops from an Rh5 photoreceptor of the larval Bolwig organ, which changes its Rhodopsin expression during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Its functions in the entrainment of the circadian clock (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2002). Its axon terminates in the accessory medulla (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). There are four of these cells per eyelet (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
Giant neuron with wide-field dendritic arborization in lobula plate layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). This arborization is flattened in the anterior-posterior axis (Scott et al., 2002). Most of its input is from T4a and T5a neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its axon extends medially and ventrally to innervate the adult protocerebrum (Scott et al., 2002). It is involved in the optomotor response (Heisenberg et al., 1978; Schnell et al., 2010) and responds to horizontal motion with graded membrane potential changes in a directional-selective way (Schnell et al., 2010).
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the central lobula plate (Scott et al., 2002). It has both synaptic input and output in the axon terminal in the protocerebral region (Raghu et al., 2007). The area covered by its dendrite corresponds to the center of the large equatorial field of vision. It is electrically coupled to HSN and HSS (Schnell et al., 2010). There is one of these cells on each side (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the dorsal lobula plate (Scott et al., 2002). The area covered by its dendrite corresponds to the center of the large dorsal field of vision. It is electrically coupled to HSE and HSS (Schnell et al., 2010). There is one of these cells on each side (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the ventral lobula plate. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). There is one of these cells on each side (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the central lobula plate (Zhao, 2025). It receives less lobula plate input and spans fewer columns (around 200) than other horizontal system neurons (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Layers 8-10 of the medulla.
Eye photoreceptor cell whose rhabdomere is located in the center of each ommatidium.
Small mechanosensory hair found between ommatidia of the adult eye (Ready et al., 1976). There are around 600-650 of these per eye (Eichler et al., 2024) and they are usually found at the anterior ends of each of the two horizontal faces of each (hexagonal) ommatidium (Ready et al., 1976). Their placement is less regular towards the anterior region of the eye and they are not usually found around the edges of the eye (Ready et al., 1976).
Cell which is part of the boundary between ommatidia.
LNd neuron of the adult brain characterized by the expression of ion transport peptide (ITP) and cryptochrome (CRY) (Schubert et al., 2018). From the cell body in the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (AVLP), the neuron projects medially around the anterior optic tract (AOT) and dorsally along the surface of the lateral horn (LH) (Schubert et al., 2018). At the posterior surface of the LH, the neuron branches (Schubert et al., 2018). One main branch projects towards the medulla, via the posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the accessory medulla (AME), with extensive further branching (Schubert et al., 2018). The other main branch innervates the superior neuropils (Schubert et al., 2018). Projections from both hemispheres overlap in the superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) (Schubert et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Schubert et al., 2018).
Large DN3 neuron that projects centrally, crossing the midline (Sun et al., 2022). It receives most of its input in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, as well as the accessory medulla and lobula layer 1 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the superior medial protocerebrum in both hemispheres, and the contralateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It also has pre-and post-synapses in the contralateral mushroom body calyx (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Reinhard et al., 2022). It is cholinergic (Reinhard et al., 2024).
Neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster of the adult brain, with a large cell body and generally located more dorsally than the s-LNv neurons (Helfrich-Forster, 1998). There are four of these cells per hemisphere, all of which express Pdf (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). These neurons send dendrites through the posterior optic commissure to the contralateral optic lobe, where a few short fibers terminate in the accessory medulla, but most arborize extensively in the medulla itself (Helfrich-Forster, 2005; Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). These arborizations in the medulla are associated with varicosities. These cells also project to the ipsilateral (adjacent) accessory medulla and its ventral extension, where they arborize extensively.
Lamina monopolar neuron that has short collaterals projecting radially from the main projection in the lamina and arborization in medulla layers M1 and M5 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). In the lamina, these short collaterals are strongly postsynaptic to the terminals of photoreceptors R1-6 (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). In the medulla, it makes strong reciprocal synaptic connections with lamina monopolar cell L5 and centrifugal neuron C2, as well as substantial output synapses to C3, Mi1 and Tm3 cells (Takemura et al., 2013). It is also electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Joesch et al., 2010). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Gao et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
L1#1, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; L1#1 (FAFB:11472940); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#2, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; L1#2 (FAFB:10108985); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#3, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; L1#3 (FAFB:11472770); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#4, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L1#4 (FAFB:11470178); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#5, FBbt:00003719 [L1#5 (FAFB:11915725); lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#6, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L1#6 (FAFB:10654562); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#7, FBbt:00003719 [L1#7 (FAFB:12019444); lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
A lamina monopolar neuron with short collaterals that project radially from the main projection in the lamina and that arborizes in medulla layer M2. In the lamina it receives strong input from photoreceptors R1-R6 (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It has both pre- and postsynaptic connections in medulla layer M2, with strong synaptic input coming from centrifugal neurons C2 and C3 (Takemura et al., 2013). It has a large number of presynaptic connections to lamina monopolar neuron L5, columnar neuron T1, and transmedullary neurons Tm1, Tm2 and Tm4 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a cholinergic neuron (Takemura et al., 2011) and is electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L1 (Joesch et al., 2010). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Lamina monopolar neuron with short spines that project to one side of the main projection as it extends through the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It terminates with an arborization in medulla layer M3 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). In the lamina it is postsynaptic to the outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It also receives input from the inner photoreceptors, partly in the first optic chiasm and partly in the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). It forms presynaptic terminals in medulla layer M3 (Takemura et al., 2008), with strong outputs to Mi9 and Tm20 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a GABAergic neuron (Raghu et al., 2013). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
L3#1, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L3#1 (FAFB:11445251); JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#2, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L3#2 (FAFB:11448596); JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#3, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#3 (FAFB:11450469)]
L3#4, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L3#4 (FAFB:11453913); JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#5, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#5 (FAFB:12018069)]
L3#6, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; L3#6 (FAFB:10653985); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#7, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#7 (FAFB:11917227)]
L3#8, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#8 (FAFB:15970720)]
L3#9, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#9 (FAFB:17253295)]
A lamina monopolar neuron that arborizes in the proximal lamina, forms a spreading arbor in medulla layer M2 and a small terminal arbor in M4-M5 that penetrates adjacent columns (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). In the medulla it forms presynaptic terminals in both M2 and M4-M5 with transmedullary neuron Tm2; three L4 neurons, one from the parent column and two from the posterior ones contact the same Tm2 neuron (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
A lamina monopolar neuron that hardly arborizes at all in the lamina, but forms a branched arborization in medulla layers M1 and M2 and a clump of terminals in M5. In the medulla, it forms strong reciprocal synaptic connections with monopolar lamina monopolar neuron L1 (Takemura et al., 2013). It also receives substantial input from L2 and C2 neurons and has many presynapses connecting to medullary intrinsic neurons Mi1 and Mi4, and to transmedullary neuron Tm3a (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a cholinergic neuron (Davis et al., 2020). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Intrinsic amacrine neuron of the lamina with arborizations spanning the proximal and distal lamina, whose cell body lies proximal to the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Meinertzhagen and Sorra, 2001). It has extensive arborizations and forms a substantial number of presynaptic terminals with columnar neuron T1 and epithelial glia (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It receives strong input from each of photoreceptors R1-R6, and from lamina wide-field cells (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Davis et al., 2020). There are approximately 210 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lateral-most synaptic neuropil domain of the adult optic lobes, lying just beneath the compound eyes. It is composed of an array of repetitive cartridge-like units, each of which receives axons from specific sets of ommatidia in the compound eyes.
Region of the dorsal lamina that receives input from the dorsal rim ommatidia.
Monopolar, intrinsic unicolumnar neuron of the adult optic lobe that has its soma in the cell body rind of the lamina and connects the lamina to the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It has a single major projection that projects along one optic cartridge in the lamina, crosses the first optic chiasm and terminates in the same cartridge in the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Region of the lamina where the axons of photoreceptor cells R1-R6 form a dense layer of expanded growth cones nestled between two layers of glial cells (Garrity et al., 1999).
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the visual system whose cell body is located in the medulla cortex and that has a main projection making wide-field arborizations in the lamina. It expresses the transcription factor Fer2 (Ozel et al., 2021) and is cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Larval neuron with its soma in the dorsolateral supraesophageal ganglion, dendrites in the superior protocerebrum, where it receives input from Pdf neurons, and a smaller contralateral branch (Gong et al., 2010). Its activity results in light avoidance behavior (Gong et al., 2010). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Gong et al., 2010). Only referred to as ‘NP394-Gal4 neuron’ in Gong et al. (2010). Synapsing with Pdf neurons shown by GRASP and functional experiments (Gong et al., 2010).
Larval neuron with its soma in the dorsolateral supraesophageal ganglion, dendrites in the superior protocerebrum, where it receives input from Pdf neurons, and a smaller contralateral branch (Gong et al., 2010). Its activity results in light avoidance behavior (Gong et al., 2010). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Gong et al., 2010).
Larval VUM neuron of the mandibular cluster that innervates the subesophageal ganglion and the basomedial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral protocerebrum. It also innervates the larval optic neuropil (Selcho et al., 2014).
Larval VUM neuron of the maxillary cluster that innervates the subesophageal ganglion and the basomedial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral protocerebrum. It also innervates the larval optic neuropil (Selcho et al., 2014).
Larval visual projection neuron that develops from the same neuroblast lineage as the larval Pdf-negative s-LNv, but does not express period. There are two of these cells per hemisphere with their cell bodies in a lateral part of the brain next to the optic lobe. They receive synaptic input in the larval optic neuropil, have outputs in the lateral inferior protocerebrum (clamp) and are cholinergic.
Larval non-clock lateral neuron that has a slightly larger and more dorsal cell body. It receives synaptic input in the larval optic neuropil and has outputs in the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx.
Larval non-clock lateral neuron that has a slightly smaller and more ventral cell body. It receives synaptic input in the larval optic neuropil and has outputs in the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx.
Larval s-LNv neuron that does not express Pdf (FBgn0023178). It innervates the larval optic neuropil significantly and projects to a broader domain than the four Pdf positive s-LNv neurons (Keene et al., 2011), including the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx (Larderet et al., 2017). There is only one of these cells per hemisphere and it is cholinergic (Larderet et al., 2017).
Larval neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster, with a small cell body. These neurons innervate the larval optic neuropil (Larderet et al., 2017) and are thought to develop into the adult s-LNv neurons (Kaneko et al., 1997). There are 5 cells present in each cluster, all except one of which express Pdf (FBgn0023178).
Larval s-LNv neuron that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178) from 4-5 hours after hatching and persists into adulthood (Helfrich-Forster, 1997). Its cell body is located close to the larval optic neuropil, into which dendritic fibers extend, spanning the distal and intermediate regions (Larderet et al., 2017). It projects to the superior lateral protocerebrum, where it has presynaptic terminals (Larderet et al., 2017). There are four of these cells per hemisphere.
Interneuron that makes synaptic connections within the larval optic neuropil, but does not receive direct input from photoreceptor cells.
Larval neuron that relays signals from the optic neuropil to higher brain areas. Many of these receive input from Rh5 photoreceptor cells.
Larval visual projection neuron with a cell body situated postero-ventro-laterally to the optic neuropil. It has an axon with a characteristic loop shape, extending first towards the ventromedial protocerebrum, then towards the lateral inferior protocerebrum (clamp) before curving down back to the ventral lateral protocerebrum, where it forms most of its synaptic output. Another branch follows the other visual projection neurons into the lateral horn.
Larval third-order interneuron defined by prominent axonal projections beyond the optic neuropil, including in the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx, and significant presynaptic termini within the proximal optic neuropil. It is glutamatergic.
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, around 10 columns of lobula layer 6, and the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately four of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, around 10 columns of lobula layer 6, and the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately two of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in around 10 columns of medulla layer M6-M7, and in the lateral accessory lobe (Nern et al., 2025). There are around four of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in around 20 columns of medulla layer M6-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in around 50 columns of lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some lateral ocellus (FBbt:00004506).
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some lateral ocellus (FBbt:00004506).
Lateral ocellus located on the ocellar triangle of the dorsal postfrons of the adult head, medial to the interocellar bristles. There are two of these, each one with around 100 photoreceptors (Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
A lamina wide-field neuron that has a main projection that ascends via the first optic chiasm into the lamina where it is restricted to a single column for most of its length before making wide-field arborizations in the distal lamina. These neurons also arborize on the distal surface of the medulla in a circular field of about 20 columns. Several linking fibers from this arborization descend into M4 where they form a wide arborization field covering about 30-40 columns (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). In the lamina, it forms numerous presynaptic connections to lamina monopolar neuron L3 and lamina intrinsic (amacrine) neuron (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011).
An extrinsic columnar neuron that innervates the lobula.
Lobula columnar neuron that arborizes with fine and bleb-type terminals in lobula layers 5 and 6. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 11 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Keles and Frye, 2017). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). LC11 neuron terminals are distributed throughout the glomerulus, rather than having a retinotopic organization (Keles and Frye, 2017; Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 13 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is a large glomerulus, found in the posterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 13 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is a large glomerulus, found in the posterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 15 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 16 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It retains traces of dorsal-ventral LC16 axon terminal organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 17 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the lateral, ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 17 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the lateral, ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Lobula columnar neuron that arborizes in lobula layers 3-5. The distal part of this arborization is fine and bushy while the proximal part has thick projections with bleb-type terminals. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 20 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). There is no retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023). Seems to be entirely within PLP based on hemibrain data.
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 20 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). There is no retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 21 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, in an intermediate position between the dorsal and ventral groups of glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 22 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It also houses the terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 4 neurons (Panser et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior to LPLC1 but anterior to LC13 and LC20 (Wu et al., 2016). LC22 and LPLC4 axon terminals retain a rough anterior-posterior topography (Dombrovski et al., 2023). Colocalization of LC22 and LPLC4 terminals also apparent in neuprint hemibrain v1.2.1 data - cp231016.
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 22 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It also houses the terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 4 neurons (Panser et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior to LPLC1 but anterior to LC13 and LC20 (Wu et al., 2016). LC22 and LPLC4 axon terminals retain a rough anterior-posterior topography (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 24 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 24 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 26 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). These terminals are found in the dorsal parts of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016).There is no retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Adult lobula columnar neuron that sends output to a glomerular region of the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Hulse et al., 2021).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 27 neurons (Hulse et al., 2021. It is found in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Hulse et al., 2021).
Atypical adult lobula columnar neuron that sends output to the lateral accessory lobe (Hulse et al., 2021).
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body is in an extended region of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 2 and 4 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its arbors span approximately 40 optic columns, overlapping with other LC4 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to an optic glomerulus in the PVLP that is medial to the one from LC12 and ventral to LPLC2 and LPLC1 (Wu et al., 2016). There are an estimated 66 neurons of this type (Wu et al., 2016). It has been reported as being both glutamatergic (Raghu and Borst, 2011) and cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 4 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum ventral to the LPLC1 and LPLC2 glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). LC4 axon terminals retain anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 4 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum ventral to the LPLC1 and LPLC2 glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). LC4 axon terminals retain anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Lobula columnar neuron that branches in lobula layer 5 with the branches forming fine terminal arbors in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6. It seems to be capable of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
Extrinsic lobula columnar neuron whose cell body is in the dorsal lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 4 and 5B (Wu et al., 2016), with most synapses concentrated in layer 5B (Tanaka and Clark, 2022). There is also some evidence of presynaptic sites in layers 4 and 5B (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 30 optic columns, overlapping with other LC6 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It fasciculates in the anterior optic tract, fasciculating with LC9 (Otsuna and Ito, 2006), and innervates an optic glomerulus in the dorsolateral PVLP, ventral to the one from LC16 (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). There are around 60 of these cells per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Morimoto et al., 2020).
LC6 glomerulus interneuron that has its cell body in the cell body rind of the anterior dorsal brain and bilaterally innervates the LC6 glomerulus (Morimoto et al., 2020). It is synapsed to and by LC6 cells in both hemispheres (Morimoto et al., 2020). There are approximately 4-6 cells of this type per hemisphere and they are glutamatergic (Morimoto et al., 2020). They respond to visual stimuli in a manner similar to the LC6 population (Morimoto et al., 2020).
LC6 glomerulus interneuron that has its cell body in the cell body rind region between the optic lobe and the central brain (Morimoto et al., 2020). It has only ipsilateral processes (Morimoto et al., 2020). It receives input in from LC16 cells in the LC16 glomerulus, as well as LC6 cells, and sends output to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Morimoto et al., 2020). There are approximately 4-6 cells of this type per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Morimoto et al., 2020). They selectively respond to looming stimuli in a spatially-restricted visual field (Morimoto et al., 2020).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 6 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It displays very coarse retinotopic organization (Morimoto et al., 2020).
Lobula columnar neuron that enters the lobula at its proximal surface. It has sparse, thin collaterals along its length up to layer 2 where it forms a broad arborization with blebs, and finer arborizations that extend into layer 3.
An extrinsic columnar neuron that branches multiple times in layers 5 and 4 and forms a broad arborization in layer 3 with both bleb-type and fine terminals. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 9 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal anterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum medial to the LC6 glomerulus (Wu et al., 2016). LC9 axon terminals retain rough anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 9 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal anterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum medial to the LC6 glomerulus (Wu et al., 2016). LC9 axon terminals retain rough anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Lens of the adult eye. It is composed of the outer cornea and underlying pseudocone layer.
Adult neuron that arborizes in multiple regions of the mushroom body and several other brain regions (Zheng et al., 2018). It receives input in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, antler, superior medial protocerebrum, superior intermediate protocerebrum and mushroom body pedunculus and it has mixed input and output in the mushroom body calyx and dorsal accessory calyx, lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Zheng et al., 2018). Based on its input regions, it is thought to convey multimodal sensory information (Zheng et al., 2018) and it receives some input from visual projection neurons (Li et al., 2020). It is presynaptic to a range of Kenyon cell (KC) subtypes, including alpha/beta posterior KCs (Zheng et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020). There is approximately one of these cells per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the PV3 primary neurite tract and it is cholinergic (Schlegel et al., 2021).
Neuron that only innervates the lobula.
Neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula. It displays both fine and bleb-like terminals in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Lobula intrinsic neuron with wide-field tangential arborization along lobula layers 1 and 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Nern et al., 2025). Its cell body is found in the optic lobe and its primary neurite follows the surface of the lobula, entering close to its region of arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula complex columnar neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the lobula plate (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has a dendritic branch with more proximal arbors in the lobula plate more distal arbors in the lobula (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has an axonal branch that projects along a path posterior to the lobula plate to the central brain (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron that receives input from around 5-10 columns of lobula layer 4 and around 10 columns of lobula plate layer 1, with additional postsynapses in lobula plate layers 2-3 (Isaacson, 2019; Davis et al., 2020; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is highly sensitive to front-to-back motion on the ipsilateral eye (Isaacson, 2019). It is cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020). There are around 100-120 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 3, spanning around 10-15 columns (Shinomiya et al., 2022; Nern et al., 2025). Its lobula postsynapses are mainly found in around 5-10 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 100-120 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 4, spanning around 10-15 columns (Shinomiya et al., 2022; Nern et al., 2025). Its lobula postsynapses are mainly found in around 5-10 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 100-120 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron that has a small dendritic branch in a few columns of lobula plate layer 4 and a larger region of arborization in around 15 columns of the lobula, mainly receiving input in layer 5 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around three of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Lateral period-expressing neuron (LN) of the adult brain that also expresses Pigment-dispersing factor (Helfrich-Forster, 1997). These neurons also express cryptochrome and Rhodopsin 7, which allow them to respond to high frequency (blue) visible light (Ni et al., 2017).
Adult lateral horn input neuron that has its dendrites predominantly within the lobula (Dolan et al., 2019). It is part of the VLPp&l1 (DPLpv) ventral hemilineage (Bates et al., 2020). There are seven of these neurons per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Dolan et al., 2019).
Adult lateral horn input neuron that has its dendrites predominantly within the lobula (Dolan et al., 2019). It is part of the VLPp&l1 (DPLpv) ventral hemilineage (Bates et al., 2020). There are three of these neurons per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Dolan et al., 2019).
Anterior domain of the adult lobula complex. It can be divided into six layers and houses many columnar neurons.
A synaptic neuropil block in the adult brain consisting of the two medial-most synaptic neuropil domains of the optic lobe: the lobula and the lobula plate.
Columnar visual projection neuron that receives input in both the lobula and the lobula plate.
Any synaptic neuropil layer (FBbt:00040008) that is part of some lobula (FBbt:00003852).
Layer of the lobula that abuts the second optic chiasm. It is defined by the bushy arborizations of the T5 neurons, and by the terminal arborizations of transmedullary neuron Tm1 and Tm9.
Layer of the lobula that is second-most from the second optic chiasm. It is defined by the arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT5.
Layer of the lobula that is third-most from the second optic chiasm. It contains the arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT6.
Layer of the lobula that is fourth-most from the second optic chiasm. It contains the terminals of the translobula plate Tlp 2, 3, 4 and 5 neurons.
Layer of the lobula that is fifth-most from the second optic-chiasm. It extends from the terminal arborizations of translobula plate neuron Tlp1 at the border of the fourth layer, to the extensive arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT7, which defines layer 6.
Layer of the lobula that is the most distant from the second optic chiasm. It contains the extensive arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT7.
Posterior domain of the adult lobula complex. It is divided into 4 layers and houses many large tangential neurons.
Tangential neuron of the lobula plate with a contralaterally-projecting axon that passes near to the mushroom body calyces (Zhao et al., 2023). There are four of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023). They are all visual projection neurons (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate columnar neuron that has its main dendritic arborization in lobula plate layer 3 and receives input from T4c and T5c neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
A lobula plate amacrine neuron that has a wide, bushy arborization with both bleb-type and fine terminals in lobula plate layers 3 and 4.
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals throughout, but restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 1 and sending output to layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4a and T5a cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has its soma in the lobula plate cell body rind (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals mainly restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 2 and sending output to layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4b and T5b cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Large lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans the entirety of layer 2, with little arborization in other layers (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that receives input in layers 3 and 4 and sends output to layers 1 and 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Any synaptic neuropil layer (FBbt:00040008) that is part of some lobula plate (FBbt:00003885).
Layer of the lobula plate that abuts the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The dendritic arbors of the horizontal system neurons are found exclusively in this layer, alongside terminals of the T4a and T5a neurons (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to diagonal front-to-back motion, i.e. front top to back bottom or front bottom to back top (Henning et al., 2022).
Layer of the lobula plate that is second-closest to the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Terminals of T4b and T5b are found in this layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to diagonal back-to-front motion, i.e. back top to front bottom or back bottom to front top (Henning et al., 2022).
Layer of the lobula plate that is third-closest to the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The T4c and T5c neurons arborize in this layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to upward motion (Henning et al., 2022).
Layer of the lobula plate that is the most distant from the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Terminals of T4d and T5d, and most of the vertical system neurons are found in this layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Rajashekhar and Shamprasad, 2004). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to downward motion (Henning et al., 2022).
Tangential neuron of the lobula plate with a contralaterally-projecting axon that passes through a tract frontal to the noduli (Zhao et al., 2023). There are seven of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023). They are all visual projection neurons (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the lateral region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layers 1 and 2, with sparse terminals in layer 3, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). It also has a small branch extending to the lobula (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the medial region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates most of the ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2 and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP terminals are mixed pre- and post-synaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has postsynapses and presynapses mainly in lobula plate layer 2, with some sparser processes in layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It receives strong input from T4b and T5b neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has postsynapses and presynapses mainly in lobula plate layer 2, with some sparser processes in layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It receives strong input from T4b and T5b neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has presynapses in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its axon projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lobula plate columnar neuron that has its main dendritic arborization in lobula plate layer 3 and receives input from T4c and T5c neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Any interneuron that innervates only the lobula plate (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals throughout, but restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 1 and sending output to layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4a and T5a cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has its soma in the lobula plate cell body rind (Shinomiya et al., 2022). There are two of these cells per optic lobe and they tile the lobula plate in a jigsaw-like pattern (Matsliah et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that receives input mainly in layer 1 and sends output mainly to layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It has distinct input and output branches (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are 16 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals mainly restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 2 and sending output to layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4b and T5b cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022). There is one of these cells per optic lobe (Nern et al., 2025).
Large lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans the entirety of layer 2, with little arborization in other layers (Shinomiya et al., 2022; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans around 80 columns of layer 2, with little arborization in other layers (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 25 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans around 20 columns of layers 1 and 2, with mixed pre- and post-synapses (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 25-50 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans around 30 columns of layer 2, with some extensions into layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). It has a columnar morphology and pre- and post-synapses are mixed on the same processes (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 45 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that receives input in layers 3 and 4 and sends output to layers 1 and 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has its cell body next to the lobula plate (Nern et al., 2025). There are around 50 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that has a columnar morphology and dendrites that span around 15 columns of layer 3, with some extensions into layer 2, and 10 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). Most of its presynapses are in layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 50-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron with dendrites that span around 40 columns of layer 3 and 20 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It has presynapses in both layers 3 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 22 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron with dendrites that span around 20 columns of layer 3, but also reach layers 2 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025). Its presynapses are mainly in layers 3 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 6 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron with dendrites that span around 20 columns of layer 4, but also reach around 10 columns of layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). Its presynapses are mainly in layer 1, with some also in layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 17 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Large lobula plate intrinsic neuron with arborization throughout layer 4, with some extensions reaching layer 3 and layer 2 (Nern et al., 2025). It has both pre- and post-synapses in all of these layers (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula complex columnar neuron with its soma in the lateral brain cell body rind (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has a dendritic branch with more proximal arbors in the lobula more distal arbors in the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has an axonal branch that projects to the central brain (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 1 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It the most posterior glomerulus in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, close to the boundary with the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It retains rough anterior-posterior organization of LPLC1 axon terminals (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 1 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It the most posterior glomerulus in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, close to the boundary with the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It retains rough anterior-posterior organization of LPLC1 axon terminals (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 2 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 2 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
A lobula plate tangential neuron that projects along and arborizes in lobula plate layer 4. This arborization remains very close to the projection and includes both bleb-type and fine terminals.
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has presynapses in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its axon projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also has a smaller number of mixed pre- and post-synapses in layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the lateral accessory lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also has a smaller presynapses in layer 2 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and arborizes in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are three of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 100-150 columns of the dorsoposterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the ventral part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 150 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 3, with some input also in layer 4 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the inferior and superior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 100 columns of the dorsal part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output mainly to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 100 columns of the ventral part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4, but also arborizing across all other layers (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also sends branches into lobula layers 4-5A, where it receives a small amount of input (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output mainly to the inferior posterior slope and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of a large region of the central part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4, but also receiving input in layer 3 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output mainly to the superior posterior slope and posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the dorsoposterior part of the visual field in ipsilateral lobula plate layer 3, but also a smaller region of the dorsal part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula plate layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output mainly to the contralateral inferior and superior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 30 columns of a small central region of the visual field in all lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 50 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in all lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output mainly to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tangential neuron of the optic lobe that projects and arborizes along the plane of one or more layers of the lobula.
Lobula tangential neuron that sends a thick projection into the proximal lobula that bifurcates, with the combined dendritic arbors of both branches spanning the entire tangential extent of lobula layer 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its axon innervates the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Otsuna and Ito, 2006). There are approximately four of these cells per hemisphere (Tanaka and Clark, 2022).
A lobula tangential neuron that branches in lobula layer 6 to form linking fibers that arborize in lobula layers 2 and 3. The combined arbor covers the length of these layers. There is only a single neuron of this class per optic lobe. Its cell body is located in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body region.
Lobula tangential neuron that has a similar shape to LT8, but arborizes in a layer further from the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
A lobula tangential neuron that extends along the length of lobula layer 2, forming bleb-type terminals from short collaterals within the layer.
A wide-field lobula tangential neuron with an arbor specific to and covering the entire Lo1 stratum, and some branches in the neuropil of the posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) (Shinomiya et al., 2019). There is one LT33 cell per hemisphere and its cell body is located in the central brain, near the midline (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is presynaptic to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
A lobula tangential neuron that enters the lobula through its proximal side where it arborizes to cover much of layer 5 and 6 with distinctive bleb-type terminals from which short fine terminal branches project. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
A lobula tangential neuron that projects along the distal surface of the lobula (closest to the second optic chiasm), and send branches into lobula layer 2, where they form bleb-type terminals.
Lobula tangential neuron that receives visual input in the lobula and projects to the lateral accessory lobe (Li et al., 2020). There around are twelve of these cells per hemisphere, with their cell bodies on the anterior lateral side of the lobula (Li et al., 2020).
A lobula tangential neuron with a thick projection that branches extensively immediately after entering the proximal side of the lobula. Each branch extends across the lobula, with some bifurcating, before all form terminal arbors that collectively cover the length of lobula layers 2 to 6. Terminals are of mixed morphology. It is a GABAergic neuron.
A lobula tangential neuron that branches extensively as it enters the lobula in layer 6, with each branch forming a fine, bushy arbor. Together, these arbors cover the whole width of layer 6.
Lobula tangential neuron that has a similar shape to LT2, but arborizes in a layer closer to the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
A lobula tangential neuron that arborizes throughout lobula layer 1. The dendrites of this neuron frequently form conspicuous loops extending into the second optic chiasm.
Medulla columnar neuron that projects into the central brain to terminate in the intermediate zone of the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) (Omoto et al., 2017; Hulse et al., 2021). Its dendritic arbors are found in medulla layer M6, in a different sublayer than the MC61 cells, and also in medulla layers M2 and M8 (Timaeus et al., 2020).
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some medial ocellus (FBbt:00004507).
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some medial ocellus (FBbt:00004507).
Medial ocellus located on the ocellar triangle of the dorsal postfrons of the adult head, just anterior to, and in between the two medial ocelli. It has around 75 photoreceptors (Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Each half is formed by one of the two (left and right) eye discs (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
The second optic neuropil, sandwiched between the lamina and the lobula complex. It is divided into 10 layers: 1-6 make up the outer (distal) medulla, the seventh (or serpentine) layer exhibits a distinct architecture and layers 8-10 make up the inner (proximal) medulla (Ito et al., 2014).
Region of the dorsal medulla that receives input from the lamina dorsal rim area.
Visual projection neuron that receives input in the medulla dorsal rim area and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
Any neuron with its arborizations exclusively within the medulla (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Any synaptic neuropil layer (FBbt:00040008) that is part of some medulla (FBbt:00003748).
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the contralateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021). In the ventral complex, it innervates the medial superior and inferior regions (Tai et al., 2021).
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ipsilateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021). In the ventral complex, it innervates the medial superior and inferior regions (Tai et al., 2021).
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ipsilateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021). In the ventral complex, it innervates a medial superior region (Tai et al., 2021).
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ipsilateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021).
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021).
Distal-most layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L1 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Inner-most layer of the medulla. Practically it is defined by the height of the T4 neuron terminal arborizations.
Second most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Third most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the proximal border of the lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization to that of the lamina neuron L3 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Fourth most lateral layer of the medulla. It corresponds to the narrow layer between the proximal end of lamina neuron L3 and the distal border of lamina neuron L1’s proximal arborization (Takemura et al., 2008).
Fifth most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the lamina neuron L1’s proximal arborization and contains the proximal lamina neuron L5 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Sixth most lateral layer of the medulla, immediately lateral to the serpentine layer. It lies between the lamina neuron L1’s arborization and the serpentine layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Lateral-most layer of the inner medulla, immediately medial to the serpentine layer.
Middle layer of the inner medulla.
A major layer of extensive tangential fibers in the medulla, many of which project via the posterior optic commissure to the opposite medulla. It is the 7th most lateral layer of the medulla.
Visual projection neuron that has tangential arborization in the medulla (Kind et al., 2021).
Medulla tangential projection neuron that has processes in medulla layer M7 and branches reaching up to M5-M6 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several R7 photoreceptor cells (Kind et al., 2021). It projects an axon to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
Visual projection neuron with its cell body near the anterior proximal medulla and an axonal projection following that of the medulla-lobula neuron 1 (Kind et al., 2021). It has wide-field dendritic arborization in the medulla, spanning tens of columns, ramifying at the border of layers M7/M8, then sending vertical projections to M3 and then to M1, and expanding laterally in each of these layers (Kind et al., 2021). Its main synaptic input from photoreceptors is from R8 cells of pale ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). It projects to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, innervating a region just behind the optic glomeruli (Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately 65 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021).
Visual projection neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the medulla and dendritic innervation of medulla layers M7/M8 (Kind et al., 2021).
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the ventral side of the lobula (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layers M3-M4 in around 10-15 columns, with a smaller amount of input in M6-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layers 5B-6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 50 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, in medulla layers M3-M4 and M6-M7 in around 10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in around 10 columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 40 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the ventral side of the lobula (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layer M6 in around 15 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layers 5B-6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layers M6-M7 in around 10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 15-20 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layers M6-M7 in around 15 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 25 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the anterior side of the optic lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layer M8 in around 15-20 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 45 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeMe_DRA#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeMe_DRA#1 (FAFB:10439442); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; adult medulla-medulla neuron of dorsal rim area]
MeMe_DRA#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeMe_DRA#2 (FAFB:11993543); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; adult medulla-medulla neuron of dorsal rim area]
Large neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla that connects the dorsal rim areas of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres (Kind et al., 2021). Its ipsilateral processes are largely dendritic and its contralateral processes are largely axonal (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from R7 photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area in layer M6 (Kind et al., 2021). It passes through the central brain without forming synapses there (Kind et al., 2021). There are two of these cells per hemisphere, one innervating the ipsilateral anterior medulla and contralateral posterior medulla and one innervating the ipsilateral posterior medulla and the contralateral anterior medulla (Kind et al., 2021).
Neuron that connects the medulla to the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU), via the anterior optic tract, innervating the small unit of the AOTU (Timaeus et al., 2020; Hulse et al., 2021; Kandimalla et al., 2023). It is derived from an optic neuroblast (Kandimalla et al., 2023). There are around 500 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeTu_DRA#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu_DRA#1 (FAFB:11995073); adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#10 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#10 (FAFB:13136156); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#11 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu_DRA#11 (FAFB:11995102); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#12 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#12 (FAFB:15616477); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#13 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu_DRA#13 (FAFB:15600898); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#14 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#14 (FAFB:11993030); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#15 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#15 (FAFB:15698953); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#16 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#16 (FAFB:14888320); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#17 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#17 (FAFB:12127369); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#18 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#18 (FAFB:11993382); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#19 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#19 (FAFB:11992932)]
MeTu_DRA#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#2 (FAFB:11994448)]
MeTu_DRA#20 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#20 (FAFB:15949451)]
MeTu_DRA#21 [MeTu_DRA#21 (FAFB:14889231); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#22 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu_DRA#22 (FAFB:11993352); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#23 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#23 (FAFB:11993314)]
MeTu_DRA#24 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#24 (FAFB:11908743)]
MeTu_DRA#25 [MeTu_DRA#25 (FAFB:14864504); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#26 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#26 (FAFB:14936634)]
MeTu_DRA#27 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#27 (FAFB:11993064)]
MeTu_DRA#28 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#28 (FAFB:11908668); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#29 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#29 (FAFB:11903992); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#3 [MeTu_DRA#3 (FAFB:11908710); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#30 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#30 (FAFB:15749075)]
MeTu_DRA#31 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#31 (FAFB:10820916)]
MeTu_DRA#32 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#32 (FAFB:10755131); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#4 (FAFB:11695293); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#5 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#5 (FAFB:15749047); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#6 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#6 (FAFB:12106383); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#7 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#7 (FAFB:11994563); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#8 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#8 (FAFB:10438339)]
MeTu_DRA#9 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#9 (FAFB:15952007)]
MeTu_unknown#1, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_unknown#1 (FAFB:17250636); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input from R7 (and not R8) photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area (DRA) in the proximal part of medulla layer M6 (Kind et al, 2021). Its arbors span several columns, and may include columns outside of the DRA, though its non-DRA arbors are just proximal to M6, avoiding photoreceptor terminals (Kind et al., 2021). It has presynaptic sites in the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle, in a region distinct from the terminals of non-DRA MeTu neurons (Kind et al, 2021).
MeTu#1, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; MeTu#1 (FAFB:10409863); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#10, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#10 (FAFB:16730682); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#11, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu#11 (FAFB:11995358); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#12, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#12 (FAFB:10806611); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#13, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#13 (FAFB:10473596); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#14, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu#14 (FAFB:15978559); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#15, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu#15 (FAFB:14726392); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#2, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu#2 (FAFB:11455122)]
MeTu#3, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#3 (FAFB:11455156); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#4, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu#4 (FAFB:10409692)]
MeTu#5, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu#5 (FAFB:11448395)]
MeTu#6, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#6 (FAFB:11455112); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#7, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#7 (FAFB:11499693); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#8, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#8 (FAFB:14838259); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#9, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); MeTu#9 (FAFB:10656250); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input in the posterior lateral part of the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle (Timaeus et al., 2020; Garner et al., 2024). It sends output to TuBu08 neurons (Garner et al., 2024).
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input in the anterior part of the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle (Timaeus et al., 2020; Garner et al., 2024).
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron with its soma between the central brain and optic lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in around 50 columns of ipsilateral medulla layers M6-M7 and sends output to around 5 columns of contralateral medulla layers M6-M7 (Nern et al., 2025). It also receives input in the accessory medulla and posterior lateral protocerebrum of both hemispheres and sends output to the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron with its soma between the central brain and optic lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). In the optic lobes, it receives input in around 200 columns of ipsilateral medulla layers M6-M7 and sends output to around 50 columns of contralateral medulla layers M6-M7 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output to the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
A columnar neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla, connecting distal and proximal layers (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It has its soma in the cell body rind of the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Mi#1, FBbt:00003775 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mi#1 (FAFB:11453949); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medullary intrinsic neuron]
Unicolumnar medullary intrinsic neuron with bushy, fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M5 and M9-10 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). The projection of this neuron branches at the inner-face of the medulla to form two to three varicose recurrent terminal specializations that extend back up to the inner border of layer M8 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). In central (non-dorsal margin) columns it receives input from an R8 photoreceptor cell, but connections are substantially weaker in dorsal margin columns (Kind et al., 2021). Pre-synaptic terminals are present mainly in medulla layers M9-M10, but also in all other layers where neurites extend laterally (Pankova and Borst, 2017). It receives input from lamina monopolar neurons L1 and L5 and centrifugal neuron C2 (Takemura et al., 2013). It outputs to T4 neurons and transmedullary neuron Tm3a (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a cholinergic neuron (Hasegawa et al., 2011; Pankova and Borst, 2017). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi1#1, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi1#1 (FAFB:11471701)]
Mi1#2, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#2 (FAFB:11472780); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#3, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi1#3 (FAFB:11470014)]
Mi1#4, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi1#4 (FAFB:11458127)]
Mi1#5, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; Mi1#5 (FAFB:14880472); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#6, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#6 (FAFB:11829850); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#7, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#7 (FAFB:13294451); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#8, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#8 (FAFB:14811021); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M4, M5 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layer M9. It is a GABAergic neuron.
Mi10#1, FBbt:00003785 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mi10#1 (FAFB:11481716); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi10]
Medulla intrinsic wide-field neuron with extensive fine arborizations in medulla layers M6, M8, M9, M10 and the serpentine layer (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Medulla intrinsic neuron with fine, extensive and bushy arborizations in medulla layers M2, M8 and M9.
Mi15#1, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Mi15#1 (FAFB:11453818); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#2, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi15#2 (FAFB:11450567)]
Mi15#3, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mi15#3 (FAFB:11484380); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#4, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi15#4 (FAFB:11445261)]
Mi15#5, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mi15#5 (FAFB:10655926); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#6, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mi15#6 (FAFB:11916190); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#7, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Mi15#7 (FAFB:12017150); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#8, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mi15#8 (FAFB:12002139); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2 and M3, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M8 and M9. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Medulla intrinsic wide-field neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M6 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layer M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M4 and M5, and only bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It receives input from the lamina monopolar neuron L5 and photoreceptor R8 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a GABAergic neuron (Takemura et al., 2017). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi4#1, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain; Mi4#1 (FAFB:11481478)]
Mi4#2, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mi4#2 (FAFB:11467499); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain]
Mi4#3, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain; Mi4#3 (FAFB:11465884)]
Mi4#4, FBbt:00003779 [Mi4#4 (FAFB:11473653); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain]
Mi4#5, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult brain; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; Mi4#5 (FAFB:12045602)]
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M8 and the serpentine layer, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layer M6 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M2, M5, M6 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M3 and M4.
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M6, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M5 and M8. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Medulla intrinsic neuron with a bushy mix of bleb-type and fine terminal arborization in layers M1-3. The projection of this neuron branches at the boundary with M10 to form varicose recurrent terminal specializations that extend back through M9.
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron with a bushy mix of bleb-type and fine terminal arborization in layers M2, M3 and M4 and in the lower medulla layers M9-M10 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It establishes pre- and post-synaptic connections in both the inner and outer medulla layers (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). It receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L3 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is glutamatergic (Takemura et al., 2017). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi9#1, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; Mi9#1 (FAFB:10422284); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#2, FBbt:00003784 [Mi9#2 (FAFB:11467628); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#3, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; Mi9#3 (FAFB:11447430); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#4, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi9#4 (FAFB:11453111)]
Mi9#5, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mi9#5 (FAFB:12015966); female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#6, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi9#6 (FAFB:11918590)]
Mi9#7, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi9#7 (FAFB:10655486)]
Mi9#8, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; Mi9#8 (FAFB:11947152); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
ML_VPN1#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; ML_VPN1#1 (FAFB:11458372); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 1]
ML_VPN1#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML_VPN1#2 (FAFB:11467870); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 1]
ML_VPN1#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; ML_VPN1#3 (FAFB:11466211); medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 1]
ML_VPN2#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); ML_VPN2#1 (FAFB:11671334); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 2; adult brain]
ML_VPN2#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 2; adult brain; ML_VPN2#2 (FAFB:11995242)]
Visual projection neuron with its cell body near the anterior proximal medulla and an axonal projection following that of the medulla-lobula neuron 1 (Kind et al., 2021). It has wide-field dendritic arborization in the medulla, spanning tens of columns, ramifying at the border of layers M7/M8, then sending vertical projections to M3 and then to M1, and expanding laterally in each of these layers (Kind et al., 2021). Its main synaptic input from photoreceptors is from R8 cells of pale ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). It projects to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, innervating a region just behind the optic glomeruli (Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately 65 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021).
Visual projection neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the medulla and dendritic innervation of medulla layers M7/M8 (Kind et al., 2021).
Optic lobe neuron that has its soma in the anterior medulla cell body rind, multicolumnar dendritic innervation of the medulla, and an axon that reaches the anterior lobula without passing through the second optic chiasm (Kind et al., 2021). Its dendritic arborization spans approximately 20 optic columns, ramifying in layers M1-4 and M8 from vertical processes (Kind et al., 2021). It receives synaptic input from R8 photoreceptors, mainly in pale optic columns (Kind et al., 2021). Its axon leaves the distal medulla and travels anteriorly to reach layer 6 of the lobula, where it has postsynapses in a few columns (Kind et al., 2021; Nern et al., 2025). In a subpopulation of these cells its axon also innervates the central brain (Kind et al., 2021). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 45 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021; Nern et al., 2025).
ML1#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML1#1 (FAFB:11472157); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
ML1#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML1#2 (FAFB:11458490); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
ML1#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML1#3 (FAFB:11471219); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
ML1#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; ML1#4 (FAFB:11458826); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
Mt_VPN#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; Mt_VPN#1 (FAFB:14286406); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mt_VPN#2 [Mt_VPN#2 (FAFB:11453464); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mt_VPN#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mt_VPN#3 (FAFB:11469481)]
Mt_VPN#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mt_VPN#4 (FAFB:3509520); medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mt_VPN#5 [Mt_VPN#5 (FAFB:4711708); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Visual projection neuron that has tangential arborization in the medulla (Kind et al., 2021).
Medulla tangential projection neuron that has processes in medulla layer M7 and branches reaching up to M5-M6 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several R7 photoreceptor cells (Kind et al., 2021). It projects an axon to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
Medulla tangential neuron with a giant projection that extends across the anterior-posterior length of medulla layer 10, with some bleb-type arborizations here. It extensively arborizes with both fine and bleb-type arborizations throughout the whole of medulla layer M8, and occasionally crosses into layer M9. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M5 and M6.
Medulla tangential neuron which extends superficially throughout the anterior-posterior expanse of the distal medulla. It shows both fine and bleb-like arborizations throughout medulla layers M1, M2 and M3 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Medulla tangential neuron that principally extends along the border of the serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 for approximately their anterior two-thirds. It shows extensive fine and bleb-like arborizations in medulla layers M8 and M9, but only fine arborizations in the serpentine layer and layer M6. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011). There are around 25 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Medulla tangential neuron that extends along the proximal face of the medulla. It shows extensive fine and bleb-like arborizations in medulla layers M8, M9, and M10.
Medulla tangential neuron that enters the medulla through its proximal face at the level of the serpentine layer. It shows extensive fine and bleb-like arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M6, the serpentine layer and M8. It is a GABAergic neuron.
Intrinsic neuron of the medulla that has a tangential arborization pattern (Kind et al., 2021).
Mti_DRA_1#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mti_DRA_1#1 (FAFB:11993471); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_1#2 (FAFB:14430736); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mti_DRA_1#3 (FAFB:11994580); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mti_DRA_1#4 (FAFB:11995266); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#5 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mti_DRA_1#5 (FAFB:11686947); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#6 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mti_DRA_1#6 (FAFB:10474753)]
Mti_DRA_2#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_2#1 (FAFB:11995288); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_2#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_2#2 (FAFB:11693571); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_2#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mti_DRA_2#3 (FAFB:11993444); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_2#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_2#4 (FAFB:11903802); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron of the dorsal rim area (DRA) with its soma on the ventral side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). Its main process is along the DRA region with short processes innervating non-DRA columns (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from R7 photoreceptors of the DRA, mainly in layers M6/M7 (Kind et al., 2021).
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron of the dorsal rim area (DRA) with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). Its main process is in the DRA region, but it also has long processes extending ventrally into non-DRA columns (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from R7 photoreceptors of the DRA, mainly in layers M6/M7 (Kind et al., 2021). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 20 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Mti#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron; female organism; Mti#1 (FAFB:11666155); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron; JRC2018Unisex; Mti#2 (FAFB:11481395); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mti#3 (FAFB:11466226); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron with its soma on the distal side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). It has dendrites in layers M3-M6 and axonal processes in M7-M8 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several outer (R7 or R8) photoreceptors (Kind et al., 2021).
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron with its soma on the anterior ventral side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). It enters the medulla close to its soma, courses through layer M7, and makes elaborations in M6, with some small vertical processes reaching M3 and M4 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several outer (R7 or R8) photoreceptors (Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately 50 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021).
A transmedullary neuron whose arborizations are mostly restricted to a single column.
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the anterior part of the lobula plate layer 1 visual field, spanning around 100 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the central part of the lobula plate layer 1 visual field, spanning around 150 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). Some dendrites also reach layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the central part of the lobula plate layer 2 visual field, spanning around 150 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe and the inferior posterior slope of both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the posterior part of the lobula plate layer 2 visual field, spanning around 200 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also receives input in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It sends output to the contralateral inferior posterior slope, lateral accessory lobe and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the posterior part of the lobula plate layer 3 visual field, spanning around 100 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). Dendrites also extend into all other lobula plate layers (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Local neuron of the ocellar ganglia (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is a small neuron that connects sparsely with photoreceptors from all ocelli (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There are approximately 16 of these per organism (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024).
Photoreceptor cell of an adult ocellus. It expresses the violet-sensitive Rh2 (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Its axons are found proximal to its nucleus, and they target their corresponding ocellar ganglion (Caldwell et al., 2007). The lateral ocelli each have around 100 photoreceptor cells, whereas the medial one has around 75 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Some of these cells directly target the lobula or lobula plate (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). These cells aid flight stabilization and augment the phototactic response (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). They form simpler circuits with fewer connections before reaching the central brain, resulting in faster transmission of information (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
A simple visual organ on the top of the adult head (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). There are three of these per head, arranged in a triangle with one on the midline and the others slightly posterior and lateral (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). They develop from the eye discs (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
Chitinous extracellular laminar secretion that covers the adult ocelli. The lens is laminated with around 45 strata. Underlying it is a monolayer of corneagenous cells.
Corneagenous cells of the adult ocellus. The cells form a monolayer that separates the ocellus cornea from the rhabdomeres.
Lens of an adult ocellus. It is composed of the outer cornea and underlying monolayer of corneagenous cells.
Pigment granule of the photoreceptor cell of the adult ocellus. Pigment granules are found distally around the rim of the ocellus, and proximally down from the level of the nucleus. They are composed of ommatins (brown color pigments) which do not migrate in response to light.
Rhabdomere of the adult ocellus. In contrast to the ones in the compound eye, it is open on its distal lateral surface.
One of the facets of the compound eye. It is composed of eight light-sensing photoreceptor cells (photoreceptor cell R1-R8) and accessory cells. There are around 800 ommatidia in each compound eye.
Segment (column) of the lamina defined by the distal-proximal (eye to central brain) projections of photoreceptor cells of a single ommatidium.
The projection of axons between the lamina and medulla (first optic chiasma) or between the medulla and lobula (second optic chiasma). The linear order of axons along each horizontal row of retinotopic cartridges or columns is reversed by the chiasma.
Small and discrete area of the ventrolateral neuropils defined by the presynaptic terminals of visual projection neurons carrying sensory information from the optic lobe (Otsuna and Ito, 2006; Wu et al., 2016).
Any optic glomerulus (FBbt:00003698) that is part of some anterior optic tubercle (FBbt:00007059).
Any optic glomerulus (FBbt:00003698) that is part of some posterior lateral protocerebrum (FBbt:00040044).
Any optic glomerulus (FBbt:00003698) that is part of some posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (FBbt:00040042).
Optic lobe intrinsic neuron without defined axons or dendrites, having processes with mixed pre- and post-synapses in approximately the same ratio throughout the cell (Matsliah et al., 2024). Some amacrine cells, such as CT1, have multiple compartmentalized, modular arborizations (Meier and Borst, 2019).
Amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the optic lobe and innervates the medulla, lobula and lobula plate (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Its cell body is found next to the lobula plate and its cell body fiber enters the lobula plate from the posterior side (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It branches into columnar fibers that arborize in lobula plate layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). These fibers bifurcate, projecting via the second optic chiasma to innervate lobula layer 2 and medulla layers 8-9 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It only innervates the posterior columns of the medulla and some of its fibers terminate and make synapses within the second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
Amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the optic lobe and innervates the medulla, lobula and lobula plate (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Its cell body is found next to the lobula plate and its cell body fiber enters the lobula plate from the posterior side (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It branches into columnar fibers that arborize in lobula plate layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). These fibers bifurcate, projecting via the second optic chiasma to innervate lobula layer 2 and medulla layers 8-9 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It only innervates the posterior columns of the medulla and some of its fibers terminate and make synapses within the second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
Columnar neuron whose soma lies in the cortex between the medulla and the lobula plate that extends through a single column of the medulla and lamina.
A columnar neuron whose arborizations are restricted to the adult optic lobe.
One of the three optic lobe pioneer neurons, which persist through development (Tix et al., 1989). In the larva, this is a cholinergic cell, with its cell body on the ventrolateral side of the optic neuropil, whose dense arbors are fully contained within the optic neuropil (Larderet et al., 2017). It is synapsed by Rh6 photoreceptor neurons and it synapses onto larval visual projection interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017).
One of the three optic lobe pioneer neurons, which persist through development (Tix et al., 1989). In the larva, this is a glutamatergic cell, with its cell body on the ventrolateral side of the optic lobe, whose dense arbors are fully contained within the optic lobe (Larderet et al., 2017). It is synapsed by Rh6 photoreceptor neurons and it synapses onto larval visual projection interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017).
One of the three optic lobe pioneer neurons, which persist through development (Tix et al., 1989). This is a projection neuron that receives input in the larval optic neuropil and has outputs in the lower lateral horn (Larderet et al., 2017).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the dorsal three-quarters of lobula layer 6 and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 1 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx and the anterior part of the dorsal accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the superior and inferior clamp, and the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in medulla layer 7 and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the ventralmost part of medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and the superior posterior slope (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in ventral parts of medulla layers 1-7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and the inferior clamp (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 3 to arborize in the lateral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the superior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in lobula layer 6, medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 4 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, the inferior clamp and the wedge (Yagi et al., 2016).
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the dorsal three-quarters of medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 5 to arborize contralaterally in the ventral accessory calyx and the dorsal accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the superior posterior slope (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the superior medial protocerebrum, the antler, the superior and inferior clamp, and the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
Layers 1-6 of the medulla.
An eye photoreceptor cell whose rhabdomere is part of the outer trapezoid of rhabdomeres of each ommatidium. There are six of these per ommatidium. Each has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge within which it makes extensive synaptic connections before terminating in the proximal lamina. It is strongly presynaptic to lamina monopolar neurons L1 and L2 and the lamina intrinsic (amacrine) neuron (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011).
A light sensitive sense organ.
Photoreceptor cell that is part of a Bolwig’s organ. Unlike the photoreceptors of the adult eye, eyelet and ocellus, these photoreceptors do not contain rhabdomeres, but instead have apical surfaces which are folded into numerous horizontal microtubule-containing microvillar-like processes (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). These processes are variable in length, diameter and spacing, but align approximately along a ventro-anterior to dorso-posterior axis relative to the body and do not branch (Hartenstein et al., 2019). There are around 12 of these cells per hemisphere and their axons enter the brain ventrolaterally via the Bolwig nerve and terminate in the larval optic neuropil (Larderet et al., 2017). There are two mutually exclusive subtypes, expressing Rh5 or Rh6, both of which are cholinergic and are capable of entraining the molecular clock by light (Keene et al., 2011).
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some photoreceptor neuron (FBbt:00004211).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R1 (FBbt:00004213).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R1 (FBbt:00004213).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R2 (FBbt:00004215).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R2 (FBbt:00004215).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R3 (FBbt:00004217).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R3 (FBbt:00004217).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R4 (FBbt:00004219).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R4 (FBbt:00004219).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R5 (FBbt:00004221).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R5 (FBbt:00004221).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R6 (FBbt:00004223).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R6 (FBbt:00004223).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R7 (FBbt:00004225).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R7 (FBbt:00004225).
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R8 (FBbt:00004227).
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R8 (FBbt:00004227).
Sensory neuron that reacts to the presence of light, due to the presence of rhodopsin.
Glial cell of the retina (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Liu et al., 2015) that produces screening pigments (Tomlinson, 2012). These pigments form layers around the retina and each ommatidium to prevent lateral transfer of light, ensuring photoreceptors of one ommatidium are activated only by light entering through one lens (Tomlinson, 2012). These cells also have metabolic interactions with photoreceptor neurons, providing alanine (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010) and removing lipids (Liu et al., 2015).
Region of the medulla excluding the medulla dorsal rim area.
An amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla and that branches and arborizes in the proximal medulla. Generally, the soma is located in the cortex adjacent to the medulla and that projects through the proximal surface of the medulla, to form wide (sometimes very wide) terminal arborizations mainly or completely restricted to a single layer of the medulla.
Proximal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that branches as it enters the proximal side of the medulla and forms broad terminal arbors, with mixed pre- and post-synaptic terminals, mainly in medulla layer M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008).
Proximal medullary amacrine neuron that enters the proximal surface of the medulla without branching and forms a broad terminal arbor with mixed morphology terminals mainly in medulla layer M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Proximal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that projects along M7 and branches extensively at the M7/M8 boundary with each branch projecting into medulla layer M9 where it forms an arbor with mixed bleb-type and fine terminals (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Polar cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the equatorial cone-cell, abutting it.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some polar cone cell (FBbt:00004196).
Posterior cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the anterior cone-cell, but does not abutt it.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some posterior cone cell (FBbt:00004194).
Retinal pigment cell that is part of an ommatidium. Each ommatidium has two primary pigment cells. These cells line the pseudocone and are in contact basally with the cone cells. They contain coarse granules of ommochrome screening pigment. Along with the cone cells, they secrete the lens.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some primary pigment cell (FBbt:00004231).
Extracellular secretion that is found between the corneal lens and the apical surface of photoreceptors and cone cells. It is made up of a gelatinous, clear substance that is secreted in pupal stage by the four underlying cone cells and primary pigment cells.
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at the right angle vertex of the longer of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located in the middle of the longer of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at the non-right angled vertex of the longer of two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located in the middle of the longer of the two non-parallel sides of trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium, in between the rhabdomeres of R3 and R5. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at a non-right angle vertex of the shorter of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at the right angle vertex of the shorter of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
Inner photoreceptor cell of the ommatidium whose rhabdomere is located distally, directly above that of R8 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It has a single axon that extends through a single column of the lamina without making synapses (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). This axon crosses the first optic chiasm and extends through a single column of the medulla where it makes pre-synaptic contacts, mainly in medulla layers M1 and M5 (Takemura et al., 2008), before terminating in M6 (Gao et al., 2008; Sancer et al., 2019). It forms reciprocal inhibitory histaminergic synapses with the R8 photoreceptor of the same optic column (Schnaitmann et al., 2018), with a large proportion in the first optic chiasm (Kind et al., 2021).
R7_DRA#1, FBbt:00004449 [R7_DRA#1 (FAFB:11728779); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7]
R7_DRA#2, FBbt:00004449 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); R7_DRA#2 (FAFB:10300949); adult brain; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7]
R7_DRA#3, FBbt:00004449 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R7_DRA#3 (FAFB:10191735); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7]
R7 photoreceptor of the dorsal rim area of the retina. It expresses the UV-detecting Rhodopsin 3 and extends to medulla layer M6, where it synapses to Dm-DRA1, but not Dm8 (Sancer et al., 2019).
R7#1, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; R7#1 (FAFB:10082582); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#2, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R7#2 (FAFB:10653593); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#3, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R7#3 (FAFB:10538510); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#4, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; R7#4 (FAFB:10585940); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#5, FBbt:00004225 [R7#5 (FAFB:10653780); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
Inner photoreceptor cell of the ommatidium whose rhabdomere is located proximally, directly below that of R7 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It has a single axon that extends through a single column of the lamina without making synapses and crosses the first optic chiasm to reach the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It forms reciprocal inhibitory histaminergic synapses with the R8 photoreceptor of the same optic column (Schnaitmann et al., 2018), with a large proportion in the first optic chiasm (Kind et al., 2021). It is also cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
R8_DRA#1, FBbt:00004209 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R8_DRA#1 (FAFB:10300963); female organism; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
R8_DRA#2, FBbt:00004209 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8; JRC2018Unisex; R8_DRA#2 (FAFB:11728827); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
R8_DRA#3, FBbt:00004209 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; R8_DRA#3 (FAFB:10190508)]
R8 photoreceptor of the dorsal rim area of the retina. It expresses the UV-detecting Rhodopsin 3 and extends to medulla layer M6, where it synapses to Dm-DRA2 (Sancer et al., 2019). In expression and morphology it is more similar to R7 cells than other R8 cells (Sancer et al., 2019).
R8#1, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; R8#1 (FAFB:10629254)]
R8#2, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; R8#2 (FAFB:10086691)]
R8#3, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R8#3 (FAFB:11466408); photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
R8#4, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; R8#4 (FAFB:11468318); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
The array of photoreceptors and the cells that support them in a compound eye.
Pigment granule found in retinal cells.
Photoreceptor cell of the larval Bolwig organ that expresses the blue-absorbing rhodopsin Rh5. It follows the Bolwig nerve and terminates in the intermediate larval optic neuropil, where it outputs mainly onto visual projection interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017). Some neurites bypass the larval optic neuropil and project to the adjacent ipsilateral central brain (Keene et al., 2011). It is involved in light-avoidance behavior (Keene et al., 2011). It changes its Rhodopsin expression and becomes an eyelet photoreceptor cell during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). There are four of these cells per Bolwig organ (Hartenstein et al., 2019; Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Their somas are clustered posteroventral to those of the Rh6 photoreceptors (Hartenstein et al., 2019).
Photoreceptor cell of the larval Bolwig organ that expresses the green-absorbing opsin Rh6. It follows the Bolwig nerve and terminates in the distal larval optic neuropil, where it outputs mainly onto visual local interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017). It dies by programmed cell death during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). There are approximately 8 of these per Bolwig organ (Hartenstein et al., 2019; Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Their somas are clustered anterodorsal to those of the Rh5 photoreceptors (Hartenstein et al., 2019).
The rod-like component of a photoreceptor cell of an ommatidium.
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some eye photoreceptor cell (FBbt:00006009).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R1 (FBbt:00004213).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R2 (FBbt:00004215).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R3 (FBbt:00004217).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R4 (FBbt:00004219).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R5 (FBbt:00004221).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R6 (FBbt:00004223).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R7 (FBbt:00004225).
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R8 (FBbt:00004227).
Photoreceptor cell that contains rhabdomeres.
Neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster of the adult brain, with a small cell body and generally located more ventrally than the l-LNv neurons (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). There are 5 cells present in each cluster, all except one of which express Pdf (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007; Ma et al., 2021). These cells also express sNPF (Johard et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2021).
Adult s-LNv neuron that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178). There are four of these in each ventral cluster of LNs. Short, fine fibers lacking presynaptic sites contact the accessory medulla, whilst longer processes project toward the dorsal protocerebrum and terminate dorsofrontal to the mushroom body calyx close to the pars lateralis and close to the DN2 neurons (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). Thes dorsal arbors contain both pre- and postsynaptic connections, including reciprocal connections to DN1p neurons (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Fernandez et al., 2020), and their morphology and connectivity vary throughout the day (Gorostiza et al., 2014). Pdf rich dense-synaptic vesicles accumulate in terminal varicosities in these cells, but are not associated with presynaptic sites (Miskiewicz et al., 2004; Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010). They can be observed docked at the plasma membrane, suggesting paracrine release of Pdf. They drive the morning locomotor activity peak (Liang et al., 2016; Liang et al., 2017; Delventhal et al., 2019) and display a morning neural activity peak that precedes this increased locomotor activity (Liang et al., 2016).
Chiasma lying between the medulla and the lobula/lobula plate of the optic lobe (Ito et al., 2014). Between the medulla and the lobula, neuronal fibers reverse their order, inverting the anterior-posterior axis of the visual field (Ito et al., 2014; Shinomiya et al., 2019). Between the medulla and lobula plate and between the lobula and lobula plate, fibers run in parallel, conserving the axes of the visual field (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Neurons travelling between the medulla and lobula complex form around 25-30 fiber bundles of varying widths, and neurons travelling between the same two neuropil columns do not necessarily fasciculate with the same bundle (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Neurons travelling between the lobula and lobula plate form sheet-like structures, neurons from the medulla bundles also merge into these sheets (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Sheets and bundles are wrapped by glial processes (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Approximately 20,000 neurons pass through each second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
Interommatidial pigment cell that lies between the edges of adjacent ommatidia. It contains the red screening pigment pteridine, as well as ommochrome granules. Together with tertiary pigment cells, it secretes the lens between the facets.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some secondary pigment cell (FBbt:00004232).
Intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe that has its cell body in the posterior part of the optic lobe and a cell body fiber that bifurcates in the second optic chiasma (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It has two branches, each targeting a different neuropil adjacent to the second optic chiasma (lobula, lobula plate and medulla) (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
An intrinsic columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the medulla. The fiber of the T1 cell body branches at the medulla surface to form a T-shaped linking fiber between a bush-like arborization in the distal part of a medulla column (M1 and M2), and a bundle of climbing fibers in the equivalent column of the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Synaptic connections in the lamina are exclusively postsynaptic and include a large number of connections from lamina intrinsic (amacrine) neurons (Meinertzhagen and O’Neil, 1991; Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). In the medulla, it is strongly synapsed by centrifugal neuron C3 in medulla layer M2 and lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2013). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
T neuron with its soma posteriorly adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects along the proximal surface of the medulla before branching in the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, forming fine arborizations in M1, M2 and M5. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches. It seems to be capable of cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
T neuron with its soma posteriorly adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects along the proximal surface of the medulla before branching in the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, bifurcating in medulla layer M5 and forming fine arbors throughout layers M1-4. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches.
T neuron with its soma posteriorly adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects along the proximal surface of the medulla before branching in the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). One branch forms a bushy, fine, terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and the other forms a terminal arborization in lobula layers 2 and 3 with mix of bleb-type and fine terminal branches (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It seems to be capable of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
T neuron with its cell body posterior to the lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects through the lobula plate and via the second optic chiasma, with little or no arborization, to medulla layer 10 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It forms a fine arborization in medulla layers M9 and M10 and its axon then doubles back across the second optic chiasma to form bleb-type arborizations in a single layer of the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is a cholinergic neuron (Mauss et al., 2014; Shinomiya et al., 2014). There are a large number of these cells, which are generated from neuroblasts that amplify by symmetric division (type III) before generating the T4 (and T5) neurons (Mora et al., 2018).
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 3 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in an upwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 4 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a downwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T neuron with its cell body in the lobula plate cell body rind and a cell body fiber that projects through the lobula plate and via the second optic chiasma, with little or no arborization, to lobula layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It forms a fine arborization in lobula layer 1, then its axon doubles back across the second optic chiasma to form bleb-type arborizations in a single layer of the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is a cholinergic neuron (Mauss et al., 2014; Shinomiya et al., 2014). There are a large number of these cells, which are generated from neuroblasts that amplify by symmetric division (type III) before generating the T5 (and T4) neurons (Mora et al., 2018).
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 3 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in an upwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 4 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a downwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
Interommatidial pigment cell that lies between the vertices of adjacent ommatidia. Except at the margins of the eye, vertices alternate between those with tertiary pigment cells and those with bristles. Vertices at the margins all have tertiary pigment cells. These cells contain the red screening pigment pteridine, as well as ommochrome granules. Together with secondary pigment cells, it secretes the lens between the facets.
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some tertiary pigment cell (FBbt:00004233).
Larval third order visual interneuron that is small in size. Its dendrites are restricted to the proximal larval optic neuropil, but it projects back to the intermediate and distal LON regions.
Translobula neuron found at least in the columns subserving the most frontal visual field. It arborizes in most layers of the lobula and lobula plate.
Translobula neuron that bifurcates and arborizes in the middle layers of the lobula. Both branches innervate all layers of the lobula plate.
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula plate, and that arborizes in the lobula and lobula plate.
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 20 columns of lobula plate layer 4, but also layers 2-3 (Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in the lobula plate, particularly in layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has pre- and post-synapses mainly in layers 4-5A, spanning around 5 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). There are around 65-70 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 50 columns of lobula plate layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in lobula plate layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it arborizes in layer 4, in a small number of columns (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2024). There are around 25-30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Translobula plate neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-type terminals. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula plate layer 1, but only fine, bushy arborizations in lobula plate layer 2. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Translobula plate neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with both fine and bleb-type terminals. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula plate layer 3 and 4. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 30 columns of lobula plate layer 3, spreading into layer 2 (Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in lobula plate layers 2-3 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has pre- and post-synapses mainly in layers 4-5A, in around 5 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Some of these cells have a branch that enters the medulla (Matsliah et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2024). There are around 40-60 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 30 columns of lobula plate layer 1, but also layers 2-3 (Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in the lobula plate, particularly in layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has pre- and post-synapses mainly in layers 4-5A, spanning around 20 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2024). There are around 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the distal cortex of the medulla and that projects through the medulla and optic chiasm into the lobula. All neurons arborize in the lobula and most, but not all, in the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm#1, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron; Tm#1 (FAFB:11544670)]
Tm#10, FBbt:00003788 [Tm#10 (FAFB:11469205); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#11, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#11 (FAFB:11458352); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#12, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#12 (FAFB:11448400); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#13, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#13 (FAFB:10649076); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#14, FBbt:00003788 [Tm#14 (FAFB:14767205); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#15, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Tm#15 (FAFB:15805231); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#16, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#16 (FAFB:11749585); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#17, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#17 (FAFB:10657484); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#18, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#18 (FAFB:10547528); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#2, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm#2 (FAFB:11671249); transmedullary neuron]
Tm#3, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#3 (FAFB:10692407); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#4, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm#4 (FAFB:11474295); transmedullary neuron]
Tm#5, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron; Tm#5 (FAFB:11458216)]
Tm#6, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#6 (FAFB:11455043); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#7, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#7 (FAFB:11445920); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#8, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm#8 (FAFB:11459160); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#9, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#9 (FAFB:11450247); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 1 with a bleb-type terminal arborization and that has fine arborizations in medulla layer M2 and bleb-type arborizations in M3 and M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2011). In the medulla, it receives strong synaptic input from lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Takemura et al., 2011; Takemura et al., 2013). It outputs onto T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011; Shinomiya et al., 2014). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layers 2, 3 and 4 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M6 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layer M1.
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M6, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M6 and M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 3 and 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M6 and M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M4 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M2, M3 and M4.
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M1 and M2.
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4, M5 and M10, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M3 and M8. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6 with fine arborizations, and with bleb-type arborizations in layers 5 and 6. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M4, M5, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M3, M4, M5, M8 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M8 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2m M3, M4 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M4.
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 6 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations, and bleb-type arborizations in layers 4 and 5. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M8 and M10, and has bleb-type arborizations in layer M3.
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 1 with a bleb-type terminal arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that has its main dendritic arborization in medulla layer M2 (Ting et al., 2014), where it receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Takemura et al., 2011), and additional postsynaptic terminals in M4-M5, where it receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L4 (Takemura et al., 2011). It has presynaptic terminals in layers M3, M4 and M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2011). Its axon follows the posterior edge of its cognate medulla column (Ting et al., 2014), then crosses the second optic chiasma to terminate in lobula layers 1 and 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In layer 1 it outputs to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2014). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011; Gao et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that has dendritic arborization in medulla layers M1-M3, as well as presynaptic sites in M8 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Gao et al., 2008). In the medulla, it spans just one column (Kind et al., 2021), and receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L3 (Takemura et al., 2013) and an R8 photoreceptor (Kind et al., 2021). Its axon follows the anterior edge of its cognate medulla column (Ting et al., 2014), then crosses the second optic chiasma and projects to lobula layer 5 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Gao et al., 2008). It provides input to the lobula intrinsic neuron Li4 via many synapses (Lin et al., 2016). It is a cholinergic neuron (Gao et al., 2008). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm20#1, FBbt:00003808 [Tm20#1 (FAFB:11444392); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#2, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm20#2 (FAFB:11450552); transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#3, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm20#3 (FAFB:10423774); transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#4, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; Tm20#4 (FAFB:11473668); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#5, FBbt:00003808 [Tm20#5 (FAFB:12018769); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#6, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm20#6 (FAFB:11918619); transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#7, FBbt:00003808 [Tm20#7 (FAFB:10655481); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 2 and 3 with fine arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M8 and M9.
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 6 fine arborizations, and in lobula layers 4 and 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M4, M6 and M8, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M6 and M8. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layers 1 and 2 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It does not show any arborization in the medulla.
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It does not show any arborizations in the medulla (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M4, M5, M6 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M5 and M8. It is a GABAergic neuron.
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, the serpentine layer, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layer M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4. It also has arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, M5, M8, M9 and M10 (Hasegawa et al., 2011).
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2 and M3 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Transmedullary neuron that receives most of its input in around 5 columns of medulla layer M6, where it also has a small number of presynapses (Nern et al., 2025). It also has a small amount of arborization in the rest of M3-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It crosses the second optic chiasm and has mixed pre- and post-synapses in around 3 columns of lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It is glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020). There are around 170-270 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 1 and 4 with bleb-like terminal arborizations. It has fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, and M5, and has bleb-type arborization in medulla layers M1, M4, M9 and M10 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Pre-synaptic terminals are present mainly in medulla layers M9-M10, but also in all other layers where neurites extend laterally (Pankova and Borst, 2017). It receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L1 and L5 and medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1 and it outputs to T4 neurons (Takemura et al., 2013). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic (Pankova & Borst, 2017) and GABAergic (Raghu et al., 2013) neurotransmission.
Transmedullary neuron that has pre- and post-synapses in medulla layer M6 and lobula layers 5A-5B, in around 10 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 55-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that spans around 5-10 columns in the medulla and lobula (Nern et al., 2025). In the medulla, it has pre-synapses in layer M7 and post-synapses mainly in layers M6-M8, with a smaller number in layers M2-M4 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has inputs and outputs in layers 5A-6 in around 5-10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 55-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that has pre- and post-synapses in around 25 columns of medulla layers M7-M8 and around 15 columns of lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 55-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that has postsynapses in medulla layers M6 and M7-M8, and pre- and post-synapses lobula layers 5A-5B, in around 5 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 110-140 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that has pre- and post-synapses in medulla layer M7 and lobula layer 6, in around 5-10 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 75-90 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that has presynapses in medulla layers M6-M8, and pre- and post-synapses in lobula layers 5A-5B, in around 5 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 35-45 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that receives most of its input in around 5 columns of medulla layers M4, M6 and M7-M8, where it also has a small number of presynapses in each innervation region (Nern et al., 2025). It crosses the second optic chiasm and has mixed pre- and post-synapses in around 3 columns of lobula layers 5A-5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Nern et al., 2025). There are around 200 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-like terminal arborizations. It has fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, and M5, and has bleb-type arborization in medulla layers M1, M4, M9 and M10. It differs from the transmedullary neuron Tm3 or TmY3 in that an individual of a retinotopic set may or may not form branches in the lobula plate.
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 1, 2 and 4 with bleb-type arborizations, and with fine arborizations in layer 3. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M2, M4, and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In the medulla, receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L2 and centrifugal neuron C3 (Takemura et al., 2013). In lobula layer 1, it outputs to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2014). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M3 and M6 and other, depending on the subtype. It has bleb-type terminals in layers M6 and M8. It has three subtypes.
Tm5-like#1, FBbt:00003793 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5-like#1 (FAFB:12016006); transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5-like#2, FBbt:00003793 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm5-like#2 (FAFB:12017354); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5a-like#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm5a-like#1 (FAFB:11481724); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5a#1, FBbt:00110072 [transmedullary neuron Tm5a; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5a#1 (FAFB:11447183)]
Tm5a#2, FBbt:00110072 [transmedullary neuron Tm5a; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5a#2 (FAFB:11453106); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm5b-like#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5b-like#1 (FAFB:11447920); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5b-like#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5b-like#2 (FAFB:11447510); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5b-like#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm5b-like#3 (FAFB:11468646); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5b#1, FBbt:00110073 [transmedullary neuron Tm5b; Tm5b#1 (FAFB:11448827); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm5b#2, FBbt:00110073 [transmedullary neuron Tm5b; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm5b#2 (FAFB:10356412); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm5c#1, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5c#1 (FAFB:11450505); transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#2, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5c#2 (FAFB:11470102); transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#3, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm5c#3 (FAFB:11449560); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#4, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5c#4 (FAFB:11574443); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#5, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5c#5 (FAFB:11473478); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#6, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5c#6 (FAFB:11485094); transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 4 and 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M3, M4, M5, M6, M8 and the serpentine layer, and has bleb-type terminals in layers M6 and M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It differs from transmedullary neuron Tm and transmedullary Y neuron TmY5 in that individuals of a retinotopic set may or may not form branches in the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M1, M2, M8 and M9.
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It has fine arborizations in medulla layers M3, M4, M6 and M8, and bleb-type arborizations in layer M6 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 5 and 6 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M4, M6, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M4 and M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that has most of its dendritic arborization in medulla layers M2 and M3, with some extensions into M1, M4 and M5 (Gao et al., 2008; Ting et al., 2014), and presynapses in M3 (Gao et al., 2008). Its axon follows the posterior edge of its cognate medulla column (Ting et al., 2014), then crosses in the second optic chiasma and terminates in lobula layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Ting et al., 2014), where it outputs to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2014). It is a cholinergic neuron (Gao et al., 2008; Shinomiya et al., 2014). It expresses the transcription factor sim (Ozel et al., 2021). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the dorsal half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt10 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the ventral half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt4 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the distal cortex of the medulla and that arborizes in the medulla and branches in the second optic chiasm with one branch innervating the lobula and the other the lobula plate.
Transmedullary Y neuron with arborization in medulla layers 5, 9 and 10, lobula layer 1 and all four lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023). It has inputs and outputs in the lobula and medulla layers 9 and 10 and has inputs in each lobula plate layer and medulla layer 5 (Zhao et al., 2023). These neurons form reciprocal connections with T4/T5 neurons and contribute to their direction-selectivity (Zhao et al., 2023).
TmY#1, FBbt:00003817 [transmedullary Y neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; TmY#1 (FAFB:12043437); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 2 and 4 with bleb-type arborizations, and in lobula plate layers 1 and 4 with fine arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M9 and M10 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 5 and 6, and in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M6 and M8, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M4 and the serpentine layer. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
TmY10#1, FBbt:00003828 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; transmedullary Y neuron TmY10; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; TmY10#1 (FAFB:11449411)]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with fine arborizations in lobula plate layers 1 and 3, and has bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4 and 5, and in lobula plate layer 3. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M3, and has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M8, M9 and M10 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary Y neuron that arborizes in multiple layers of the medulla. In layer M10, it spans more than 10 columns and its branches do not show obvious columnar subdivisions. It also arborizes in the lobula and lobula plate. It is GABAergic.
Transmedullary Y neuron with a broad arbor in the proximal medulla and lobula plate arborization mainly in layers 3-4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Transmedullary Y neuron that arborizes in multiple layers of the medulla, including layers M3, M9 and M10 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Its cell body is found in the medulla cortex (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 3 and 4, and in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M8 and M9, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M6 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary Y neuron with little to no arborization in the medulla (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its lobula plate arborization is mainly in layer 1, where it receives a large amount of input from T4a and T5a neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has mostly presynaptic terminals in lobula layers 5 and 6 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4 and lobula plate layer 4. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M4, M5, M6, M8, and M10, and has bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M5 and M10. It is cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layer 4 and in lobula plate layers 2, 3 and 4, but shows only fine arborizations in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M8, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M3 and M4 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is cholinergic (Konstantinides et al., 2022).
Transmedullary Y narrow field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 5 and 6, and in lobula plate layers 1, 2, 3 and 4, but it has only fine arborizations in lobula layer 4. It has both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M10, but displays only fine arborizations in medulla layers M3, M5, M6, the serpentine layer, M8 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Transmedullary Y narrow field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6, and in lobula plate layer 3, but only has fine arborizations in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M6 and M8, and has fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4, M5 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich (1989). It is glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Transmedullary Y neuron that arborizes in the lobula, lobula plate and medulla.
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layer 5, and in lobula plate layer 4, but only with fine arborizations in lobula layer 4 and lobula plate layer 3. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M8, and M9.
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4 and 5, and in lobula plate layers 1 and 3. It displays bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M6 and M10, and has fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M4, M5 and M6 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is cholinergic (Konstantinides et al., 2022).
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layer 5, and in lobula plate layers 1 and 2. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3 and M8, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M4 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission (Varija Raghu et al., 2011; Raghu et al., 2013).
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula, and that arborizes in the lobula and lobula plate.
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layer 1, with some also in layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has a fairly wide arbor in the lobula (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layers 2 and 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layers 2 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the dorsal half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt10 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the ventral half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt4 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
Transmedullary Y neuron with arborization in medulla layers 5, 9 and 10, lobula layer 1 and all four lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023). It has inputs and outputs in the lobula and medulla layers 9 and 10 and has inputs in each lobula plate layer and medulla layer 5 (Zhao et al., 2023). These neurons form reciprocal connections with T4/T5 neurons and contribute to their direction-selectivity (Zhao et al., 2023).
Transmedullary Y neuron with a broad arbor in the proximal medulla and lobula plate arborization mainly in layers 3-4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Transmedullary Y neuron with little to no arborization in the medulla (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its lobula plate arborization is mainly in layer 1, where it receives a large amount of input from T4a and T5a neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has mostly presynaptic terminals in lobula layers 5 and 6 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Neuron that connects the lateral zones of the anterior optic tubercle neuropils of both hemispheres and has a relatively medial arborization domain in each.
Neuron that connects the lateral zones of the anterior optic tubercle neuropils of both hemispheres and has a relatively lateral arborization domain in each.
Adult neuron that branches at the ventral side of the lobula, with one branch innervating the lobula and continuing to the lobula plate and one branch projecting to the central brain. Neurons of this class are characterized by a loose arrangement of branchlets that meander through lobula plate strata 2-5 (layers 2-4). In the lobula, it gives rise to stratified fields that nearly reach the lobula inner surface.
Adult unilateral interneuron that forms strong reciprocal connections with contralateral H2 and ipsilateral horizontal and vertical system cells in the inferior posterior slope (Erginkaya et al., 2025). It is GABAergic (Erginkaya et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Erginkaya et al., 2025).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the contralateral lobula plate (LOP) layers 1 and 3, as well as the ipsilateral posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its contralateral projection bifurcates, with a dorsal branch innervating the medial part of LOP layer 3-4, with mainly pre-synapses, and a ventral branch innervating LOP layer 1, with mixed pre- and post-synapses (Wei et al., 2020; Nern et al., 2025). It innervates around 30 columns with each of these branches (Nern et al., 2025). Its IPS terminals are postsynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the brain, close to the midline, around the level of the protocerebral bridge (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron of the calyx group that arborizes in the ventral part of the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 4 visual field (Zhao et al., 2023), receiving input from around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron of the calyx group that arborizes in most of the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 3 visual field (Zhao et al., 2023), receiving input from around 200 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Centrifugal horizontal neuron that arborizes in the ventral part of lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that resembles a vertical system neuron, but with a smaller diameter and sparser dendrites (Boergens et al., 2018). It receives input in lobula plate layer 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
A neuron that is fully contained within the optic lobes or the ocellar ganglia.
Neuron that projects from the optic lobe to the central brain, conveying information from light stimuli.
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that capable of part of some sensory perception of light stimulus (GO:0050953).
Neuron that projects from the adult optic lobe to the central brain, conveying information from light stimuli.
VPN_DRA#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; VPN_DRA#1 (FAFB:11992907); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#10 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; VPN_DRA#10 (FAFB:15984100); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; VPN_DRA#2 (FAFB:11904073); medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#3 [VPN_DRA#3 (FAFB:4271776); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; VPN_DRA#4 (FAFB:17165715); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#5 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron; VPN_DRA#5 (FAFB:15969128)]
VPN_DRA#6 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; VPN_DRA#6 (FAFB:16886430); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#7 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VPN_DRA#7 (FAFB:15997281); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#8 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VPN_DRA#8 (FAFB:16215491); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#9 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VPN_DRA#9 (FAFB:12188202); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
Visual projection neuron that receives input in the medulla dorsal rim area and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
Giant neuron of the lobula plate with a dendritic arbor that extends along the dorsal-ventral axis of the lobula plate and an axon terminal projecting to the protocerebral region (Scott et al., 2002). It receives synaptic input both in lobula plate layer 4 (Mauss et al., 2015), and in the protocerebrum. It has its synaptic output in the latter (Raghu et al., 2007). They innervate both the superior and inferior, posterior slope (Boergens et al., 2018). Cells of this class are involved in the optomotor response (Joesch et al., 2008) and exhibit directionally selective responses during the presentation of vertically moving periodic gratings. Each VS cell possesses its distinct receptive field (Joesch et al., 2008).
The outermost vertical system neuron. This neuron has a main dendritic shaft that produces one or a few dorsally projecting branches before sweeping ventrally. As the main shaft extends ventrally, it continues to produce smaller branches that combine to form a narrow band covering the most lateral part of the lobula plate. This cell is relatively flat but extends anteriorly in the dorsal aspect of its dendritic tree (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is the most frontal of all VS cells. It is electrically coupled to VS2 (Joesch et al., 2008). It extends a substantial proportion of processes into lobula plate layer 2 as well as layer 4 (Boergens et al., 2018).
Vertical system neuron whose dendritic tree within the lobula plate partially overlaps with that of vertical system neuron 1 (VS1) but extends more medially. Its major dendritic shaft sweeps from dorsal to ventral. Its dendritic tree is less highly branched than that of VS1 and is very flattened in the anterior-posterior axis, with all of its dendritic structures among the posterior dendrites of the vertical system (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS1 and VS3. It is electrically coupled to VS1 and VS3 (Joesch et al., 2008). There is a small patch of innervation into lobula plate layer 2, but the majority is in layer 4 (Boergens et al., 2018).
Vertical system neuron with both dorsally and ventrally sweeping major branches and whose dorsal dendritic tree extends anteriorly and posteriorly. Unlike vertical system neuron 2, its dorsal dendrites continue to slant laterally as they extend dorsally and have a major component that extends anteriorly (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS2 (more frontal) and VS4 (more lateral). It is electrically coupled to VS2 and VS4 (Joesch et al., 2008).
Vertical system neuron with both dorsally and ventrally sweeping major branches and whose dorsal dendritic tree extends anteriorly and posteriorly. Unlike VS3, its dorsal dendrites curve so that they extend directly dorsally or even medially and have only a few simple anterior projections (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS3 (more frontal) and VS5 (more lateral). It is electrically coupled to VS3 and VS5 (Joesch et al., 2008).
Vertical system neuron whose dendritic branching pattern is simple and predominantly limited to the dorsal lobula plate. This neuron projects at least two major dendritic branches dorsally, one from the initial dorsal extension, and one from a major branch that initially grows into the central lobula before contributing a dorsally extending branch. Its dendritic tree extends much more anteriorly than that of other ventral system neurons (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS4 (more frontal) and VS6 (more lateral). It is electrically coupled to VS4 and VS6 (Joesch et al., 2008).
Vertical system neuron whose dendritic branching pattern is simple and predominantly limited to the dorsal lobula plate. This neuron has a single major dorsal branch that is an extension of the original dorsal arborization. Its dendritic tree extends anteriorly, but not as far as that of vertical system neuron 5.
Vertical system neuron that innervates lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Zhao et al., 2023). It has a branch arborizing in the dorsal part of layer 1, in a slightly larger region than VS7, and a branch arborizing in the posterior part of layer 4, with less dorsal coverage than VS8 (Zhao et al., 2023). Its primary dendrite is narrower than that of VS1-3, similar to VS4-6 and 8 (Zhao et al., 2023).
Vertical system neuron that innervates lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Zhao et al., 2023). It has a branch arborizing in the dorsal part of layer 1, in a slightly smaller region than VS7, and a branch arborizing in the posterior part of layer 4, with more dorsal coverage than VS7 (Zhao et al., 2023). Its primary dendrite is narrower than that of VS1-3, similar to VS4-7 (Zhao et al., 2023).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has dendrites resembling those of vertical system neurons 1/2, but with a smaller diameter and different axon terminals (Zhao et al., 2023). It receives input in a large anterior region of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4, from around 200 columns, and the dorsal part of layer 2, from around 50 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and its main output region is the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There are two of these cells on each side (Zhao et al., 2023).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that resembles vertical system neuron 2, having little lobula plate arborization outside of layer 4, but with a smaller diameter and sparser dendrites (Boergens et al., 2018). It additionally has a main branch in the ventral part of the dendrite (Boergens et al., 2018). It receives input in around 100 columns of lobula plate layer 4, remains ipsilateral, and sends output mainly to the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells on each side (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Lobula plate tangential neuron that resembles vertical system neuron 3, with a dorsal extension into lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2023). It receives input in around 80 columns of lobula plate layer 4 and around 50 columns of layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and its main output region is the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are four of these cells on each side (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
A transmedullary neuron that arborizes across multiple columns.
Intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe that has a cell body in the cortex of the lobula plate and that arborizes in the lobula plate before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm, with one branch innervating the lobula and the other the proximal medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). Some of these cells project multiple axons into the second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Y neuron similar to Y3, but lacking fork-like structures in the superficial lobula layer (Chen et al., 2023). See Chen et al. (2023) fig S3.
Wide-field Y neuron with a wide, unstratified arborization field in all layers of the lobula plate, a wide, thin, terminal arborization domain in lobula layer 5 and a small terminal arborization domain in medulla layer M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Wide-field Y neuron with a mix of bleb-type and fine arborizations in the lobula plate. These show some stratification, but cover all layers to some extent. The medulla branch has a relatively wide, terminal arborization field in M8-10 with a mix of bleb-type and fine arborization. The lobula innervating branch has narrow arborizations, also of mixed type in layers 2-5 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Y neuron similar to Y3, but lacking fork-like structures in the superficial lobula layer (Chen et al., 2023).
Y neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate without arborizing. It branches extensively in the second optic chiasm, with one branch doubling back to form a fine terminal arborization in lobula plate layers 1 and 2. Multiple branches arborize in the lobula, reaching most layers, with a mix of terminal morphologies. A branch projects into the medulla where it forms a wide asymmetric terminal arbor that projects mainly along medulla layers M8-M9.
Y neuron that arborizes relatively broadly in all lobula plate layers and with a mix of terminal morphologies. Its branch in the lobula has a branched, terminal arborization with mixed terminal morphologies in lobula layers 1-3. Its branch in the medulla forms a mixed-morphology, highly branched, terminal arborization in medulla layers M7-10 with one or more very wide branches projecting along M10.
Y neuron that arborizes relatively broadly in all lobula plate layers and with a mix of terminal morphologies. Its branch in the lobula has narrow and mainly bleb-type arborizations in layers 1-4. Its branch in the lamina has a broader, bushy, fine, terminal arborization domain in layers M8-9.