5-HT1B-F-500013 [VFB_00011193]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Tag: Visual_system
5-HT1B-F-500016 [VFB_00011196]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
accessory medulla [FBbt_00045003]
A small area of neuropil on the frontomedial edge of the medulla, close to the outgoing fibers running from the serpentine layer to the posterior optic commissure. It is the descendant of the larval optic neuropil (Sprecher et al., 2011).
adult carpet glial cell [FBbt_00111366]
Large glial cell of the adult optic lobe. The larval carpet glial cell migrates inwards during pupal development and its nucleus comes to rest beneath the lamina, proximal to the marginal glial cells (Edwards et al., 2012). There are two of these cells per hemisphere, found on the dorsal and ventral edges of the lamina (Edwards et al., 2012).
adult CB0802 neuron [FBbt_20004511]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral wedge. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral cantle, the contralateral gorget and the ipsilateral cantle. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB2848 neuron [FBbt_20006362]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VLPd&p1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral wedge, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, the ipsilateral wedge, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3089 neuron [FBbt_20006583]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It belongs to the VLPl&p2_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3815 neuron [FBbt_20007230]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3816 neuron [FBbt_20007231]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3817 neuron [FBbt_20007232]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3818 neuron [FBbt_20007233]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3819 neuron [FBbt_20007234]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3820 neuron [FBbt_20007235]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3821 neuron [FBbt_20007236]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3822 neuron [FBbt_20007237]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3823 neuron [FBbt_20007238]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3824 neuron [FBbt_20007239]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3825 neuron [FBbt_20007240]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3826 neuron [FBbt_20007241]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3827 neuron [FBbt_20007242]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3828 neuron [FBbt_20007243]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3829 neuron [FBbt_20007244]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3830 neuron [FBbt_20007245]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3831 neuron [FBbt_20007246]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the wedge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3832 neuron [FBbt_20007247]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3833 neuron [FBbt_20007248]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3834 neuron [FBbt_20007249]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3835 neuron [FBbt_20007250]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3836 neuron [FBbt_20007251]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3837 neuron [FBbt_20007252]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3838 neuron [FBbt_20007253]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3839 neuron [FBbt_20007254]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3840 neuron [FBbt_20007255]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3841 neuron [FBbt_20007256]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3842 neuron [FBbt_20007257]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is dopamine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3843 neuron [FBbt_20007258]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3844 neuron [FBbt_20007259]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3845 neuron [FBbt_20007260]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3846 neuron [FBbt_20007261]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3847 neuron [FBbt_20007262]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3848 neuron [FBbt_20007263]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3849 neuron [FBbt_20007264]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3850 neuron [FBbt_20007265]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3851 neuron [FBbt_20007266]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3852 neuron [FBbt_20007267]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3853 neuron [FBbt_20007268]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3854 neuron [FBbt_20007269]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3855 neuron [FBbt_20007270]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3856 neuron [FBbt_20007271]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3857 neuron [FBbt_20007272]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult CB3864 neuron [FBbt_20007274]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior-lateral to the medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult chalice perineurial glial cell [FBbt_00049494]
Perineurial glial cell of the adult optic lobe that overlies the outer perimeter of the lamina, following its chalice-like shape (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Kremer et al., 2017).
adult chalice subperineurial glial cell [FBbt_00049495]
Subperineurial glial cell of the adult optic lobe that overlies the outer perimeter of the lamina, following its chalice-like shape (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Kremer et al., 2017).
adult chandelier glial cell [FBbt_00111364]
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell of the proximal adult medulla (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017). Its cell body lies at the edge of the neuropil, immediately distal to the inner chiasm giant glia and it extends astrocyte-like branches above medulla layer M10 and beneath M7 (Edwards et al., 2012).
adult contralateral lobula LC14 neuron [FBbt_00052342]
Adult lobula columnar LC14 (dorsal cluster) neuron with a contralateral axon that innervates only the lobula (Langen et al., 2013). There are approximately 11-55 of these cells per hemisphere (Linneweber et al., 2020).
adult contralateral medulla LC14 neuron [FBbt_00111749]
Adult lobula columnar LC14 (dorsal cluster) neuron with a thin axonal projection that innervates the contralateral medulla (Otsuna and Ito, 2006; Langen et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2016). There are approximately 6-23 of these cells per hemisphere (Linneweber et al., 2020).
adult distal lamina satellite glial cell [FBbt_00100523]
Glial cell found in the distal part of the cell body rind of the lamina. It lies in a layer beneath the pseudocartridge glial cells, and above the proximal satellite glial cells (Kremer et al., 2017). These cells are uniformly large and oblong in shape along the anterior-posterior axis (Kremer et al., 2017). They form honeycomb-like shapes that ensheath cell bodies of monopolar neurons of the lamina cortex as well as neuronal tracts (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Kremer et al., 2017). They lie partly on top of one another and one honeycomb may be formed by two cells. There is approximately one distal satellite glial cell for every 6 groups of monopolar neurons (Edwards et al., 2012) and around 125 of these cells per optic lobe (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017).
adult distal medulla astrocyte-like glial cell [FBbt_00111365]
Astrocyte-like glial cell of the distal adult medulla. Its cell body lies at the posterior edge of the distal medulla, with irregular branches that extend into medulla columns as deep as the serpentine layer (M7). Other branches extend in a centrifugal direction, along chiasmal axons or glia that approach from the lamina.
adult distal medulla ensheathing glial cell [FBbt_00049499]
Ensheathing glial cell of the distal adult medulla. These cells are organized as highly columnar structures and show a characteristic branching pattern in M3 and M6, where photoreceptors R8 and R7 terminate, and in M7, the serpentine layer (Kremer et al., 2017). They form a dense sheath (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult Epi descending neuron [FBbt_00052624]
Adult descending neuron that has a large soma in the brain. Its dendrites are mainly found in the dorsal brain, including in the optic lobe and lateral horn (Liu et al., 2023). It has extensive axonal arborization in the brain, including the optic lobe, mushroom body and subesophageal zone, as well as all neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord (Liu et al., 2023). It responds to noxiously high temperatures via the painless receptor and releases Allatostatin C to alleviate thermal nociception (Liu et al., 2023). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Liu et al., 2023).
adult Epi descending neuron [FBbt_00052624]
Adult descending neuron that has a large soma in the brain. Its dendrites are mainly found in the dorsal brain, including in the optic lobe and lateral horn (Liu et al., 2023). It has extensive axonal arborization in the brain, including the optic lobe, mushroom body and subesophageal zone, as well as all neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord (Liu et al., 2023). It responds to noxiously high temperatures via the painless receptor and releases Allatostatin C to alleviate thermal nociception (Liu et al., 2023). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Liu et al., 2023).
adult inner optic chiasma giant glial cell [FBbt_00100527]
Large glial cell of the inner optic chiasm of the adult optic lobe, between the proximal medulla and lobula complex. It extends many cytoplasmic processes that enwrap fiber bundles at and near the sites of axonal intersection (Tix et al., 1997). These cells have an elongated sheet-like morphology and they send long projections into the three neighboring neuropil regions (Kremer et al., 2017). There are around 40 inner optic chiasma glial cells per optic lobe (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult lamina epithelial glial cell [FBbt_00100513]
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell of the adult lamina (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017). Each cell contributes to the wrapping of multiple columns and each column is wrapped by multiple glia (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017). Epithelial glial cells elaborate numerous fine processes into the lamina plexus, especially from the surface juxtaposing the R1-R6 growth cones or axon termini (Poeck et al., 2001). In the lamina, they receive a small amount of synaptic input from each of photoreceptors R1-R6 and strong input from lamina intrinsic (amacrine) cells (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). There are around 470 of these cells per lamina (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult lamina marginal glial cell [FBbt_00005722]
Specialized ensheathing glial cell of the lamina (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017). These cells form a contiguous layer at the proximal surface of the lamina and associate with multiple lamina columns (Edwards et al., 2012; Kremer et al., 2017). Their processes extend into the lamina, ensheathing proximal parts of the cartridges (Kremer et al., 2017). They also extend protrusions proximally into the outer chiasm (Kremer et al., 2017). It is between the marginal glial cells and epithelial glial cells that the R1-R6 growth cones terminate (Poeck et al., 2001; Winberg et al., 1992). There are around 100 of these cells per lamina (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult lamina neuropil associated glial cell [FBbt_00058264]
Glial cell located in the lamina neuropil (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult lamina satellite glial cell [FBbt_00005723]
Cell body glial cell of the lamina. Unlike in other cell body rind regions of the brain, the cell body glia of the lamina form two distinct layers and multiple neuronal cell bodies may be found in one glial pocket (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult lobula astrocyte-like glial cell [FBbt_00111367]
Astrocyte-like glial cell with its cell body located at the surface of the adult lobula.
adult lobula columnar neuron e01 [FBbt_20007553]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e02 [FBbt_20007554]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e03 [FBbt_20007555]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e04 [FBbt_20007556]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e05 [FBbt_20007557]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e06 [FBbt_20007558]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, the contralateral vest and the contralateral epaulette. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e07 [FBbt_20007559]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e08 [FBbt_20007560]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula columnar neuron e09 [FBbt_20007561]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior clamp. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula complex astrocyte-like glial cell [FBbt_00049501]
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell with its soma at the surface of either the adult lobula or lobula plate (lobula complex) neuropil regions (Kremer et al., 2017). These cells take many shapes and sizes and may form branches into one or both neuropils (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult lobula complex ensheathing glial cell [FBbt_00049502]
Ensheathing glial cell with its soma at the surface of the either the lobula or lobula plate (lobula complex) neuropil regions (Kremer et al., 2017). These cells form columnar processes perpendicular to the neuropil margin, as well as tangential processes parallel to the margin (Kremer et al., 2017). They form a complex three-dimensional arrangement of branches (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult lobula dorsal cluster neuron [FBbt_00052342]
Adult dorsal cluster neuron with an axon that innervates the lobula (Langen et al., 2013). There are approximately 11-55 of these cells per hemisphere (Linneweber et al., 2020).
adult lobula plate astrocyte-like glial cell [FBbt_00111368]
Astrocyte-like glial cell with its cell body located at the surface of the adult lobula plate.
adult lobula plate tangential neuron e01 [FBbt_20007295]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula plate visual centrifugal neuron 01 [FBbt_20007288]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula plate. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula plate visual centrifugal neuron 02 [FBbt_20007289]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula plate and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula plate-lobula visual centrifugal neuron 01 [FBbt_20007291]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula plate, the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula plate and the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e01 [FBbt_20007562]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e02 [FBbt_20007563]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e03 [FBbt_20007564]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral vest and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e04 [FBbt_20007565]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e05 [FBbt_20007566]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e06 [FBbt_20007567]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e07 [FBbt_20007568]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e08 [FBbt_20007569]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e09 [FBbt_20007570]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e10 [FBbt_20007571]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e11 [FBbt_20007572]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VLPd&p1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle and the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e12 [FBbt_20007573]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e13 [FBbt_20007574]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral wedge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e14 [FBbt_20007575]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral vest. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e15 [FBbt_20007576]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e16 [FBbt_20007577]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e17 [FBbt_20007578]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e18 [FBbt_20007579]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral gorget, the contralateral gorget and the ipsilateral epaulette. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e19 [FBbt_20007580]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e20 [FBbt_20007581]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e21 [FBbt_20007582]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral wedge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e22 [FBbt_20007583]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e23 [FBbt_20007584]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e24 [FBbt_20007585]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e25 [FBbt_20007586]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e26 [FBbt_20007587]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e27 [FBbt_20007588]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e28 [FBbt_20007589]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e29 [FBbt_20007590]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_ventral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e30 [FBbt_20007591]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e31 [FBbt_20007592]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the lobula. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e32 [FBbt_20007593]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It belongs to the SLPa&l1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle and the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e33 [FBbt_20007594]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-medial to the lobula plate. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e35 [FBbt_20007596]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the SLPpl2 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior clamp. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e36 [FBbt_20007597]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e38c [FBbt_20007598]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn. It belongs to the VPNp&v1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula tangential neuron e49f [FBbt_20007599]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the contralateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 01 [FBbt_20007275]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the MX7 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral vest, the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral cantle and the ipsilateral vest. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 02a [FBbt_20007276]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 02b [FBbt_20007277]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 02c [FBbt_20007667]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 02c [FBbt_20007667]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the cL02c group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM6 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 02d [FBbt_20007668]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the inferior bridge. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 02d [FBbt_20007668]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the cL02d group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM6 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 03 [FBbt_20007278]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 04 [FBbt_20007279]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 05 [FBbt_20007280]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the ellipsoid body. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 06 [FBbt_20007281]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the mushroom body medial lobe. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, the contralateral vest and the contralateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula and the contralateral lateral accessory lobe. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 07 [FBbt_20007282]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the lateral horn. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 08 [FBbt_20007283]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the mushroom body medial lobe. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 09 [FBbt_20007284]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the MX3 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron 10 [FBbt_20007285]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult lobula-lobula plate-medulla visual centrifugal neuron 01 [FBbt_20007287]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope. It belongs to the DM6_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula plate and the contralateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral lobula and the contralateral lobula plate. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult local visual interneuron [FBbt_00049857]
Adult neuron that receives visual input from visual projection neurons (VPNs), rather than directly from sensory neurons, and conveys it to higher brain regions (Li et al., 2020). Many of these integrate inputs from multiple VPNs with non-visual inputs (Li et al., 2020).
adult LT54 neuron [FBbt_20004234]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the anterior optic tubercle. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla astrocyte-like glial cell [FBbt_00049496]
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell located in the adult medulla neuropil. There are at least three subtypes and they show tiling and have a high structural density (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult medulla cell body glial cell [FBbt_00049498]
Glial cell located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It is similar to cell body glial cells of the central brain (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult medulla dorsal cluster neuron [FBbt_00052341]
Adult dorsal cluster neuron with an axon that innervates the medulla (Langen et al., 2013). There are approximately 6-23 of these cells per hemisphere (Linneweber et al., 2020).
adult medulla ensheathing glial cell [FBbt_00049497]
Ensheathing glial cell located in the adult medulla neuropil. There are at least two subtypes, forming a dense sheath around the distal medulla and serpentine layer, where their cell bodies are found (Kremer et al., 2017). Rather than having its own ensheathing glia, the proximal medulla is invaded by fine processes from the inner chiasm glia (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult medulla neuropil associated glial cell [FBbt_00005738]
Glial cell located in the medulla neuropil. There are at least three subtypes of reticular glia and at least two subtypes of ensheathing glia (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult medulla tangential neuron e01a [FBbt_20007610]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e01b [FBbt_20007682]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e02 [FBbt_20007611]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e03 [FBbt_20007612]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e04 [FBbt_20007613]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e05 [FBbt_20007614]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e06 [FBbt_20007615]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral mushroom body calyx and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e07 [FBbt_20007616]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e08 [FBbt_20007617]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e09 [FBbt_20007618]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e10 [FBbt_20007619]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e11 [FBbt_20007620]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e12 [FBbt_20007621]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e13 [FBbt_20007622]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e14 [FBbt_20007623]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e15 [FBbt_20007624]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e16 [FBbt_20007625]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e17 [FBbt_20007626]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e18 [FBbt_20007627]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e19 [FBbt_20007628]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e20 [FBbt_20007629]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral mushroom body calyx. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e21 [FBbt_20007630]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e22 [FBbt_20007631]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e23 [FBbt_20007632]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral vest, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e24 [FBbt_20007633]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e25 [FBbt_20007634]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e26 [FBbt_20007635]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e27 [FBbt_20007636]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral wedge and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e28 [FBbt_20007637]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e29 [FBbt_20007638]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e30 [FBbt_20007639]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e31 [FBbt_20007640]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e32 [FBbt_20007641]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e33 [FBbt_20007642]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e34 [FBbt_20007643]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e35 [FBbt_20007644]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e36 [FBbt_20007645]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral gorget and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e37 [FBbt_20007646]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e38 [FBbt_20007647]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral lateral horn. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e39 [FBbt_20007648]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e40 [FBbt_20007649]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e41 [FBbt_20007650]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e42 [FBbt_20007651]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior-medial to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral wedge and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e43 [FBbt_20007652]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e44 [FBbt_20007653]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e45 [FBbt_20007654]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e46 [FBbt_20007655]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the contralateral lobula, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral accessory medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e47 [FBbt_20007656]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e48 [FBbt_20007657]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral accessory medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral mushroom body calyx, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral accessory medulla and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e49 [FBbt_20007658]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e50 [FBbt_20007659]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla tangential neuron e54 [FBbt_20005420]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 03 [FBbt_20007296]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the antler. It belongs to the SMPp&v1_ventral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is dopamine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 04 [FBbt_20007297]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral accessory medulla, the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral accessory medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 05 [FBbt_20007298]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the protocerebral bridge. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the contralateral superior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 06 [FBbt_20007299]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the antler. It belongs to the DM1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 07 [FBbt_20007300]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 08a [FBbt_20007301]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 08b [FBbt_20007680]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 08c [FBbt_20007681]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 09 [FBbt_20007302]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral accessory medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 10 [FBbt_20007303]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron 11 [FBbt_20007304]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-dorsal to the inferior posterior slope. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral wedge and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron MeVC5 [FBbt_20007669]
Adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron of the MeVC5 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion and inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M10 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
adult medulla-contralateral medulla neuron MeVPMe7 [FBbt_20003958]
Adult medulla-contralateral medulla neuron of the MeVPMe7 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNl&d1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer, and the contralateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer, and the contralateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
adult medulla-lobula visual centrifugal neuron 01 [FBbt_20007305]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla-lobula visual centrifugal neuron 02 [FBbt_20007306]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the protocerebral bridge. It belongs to the DM1_posterior hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula and the contralateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area [FBbt_00052133]
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input from R7 (and not R8) photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area (DRA) in the proximal part of medulla layer M6 (Kind et al, 2021). Its arbors span several columns, and may include columns outside of the DRA, though its non-DRA arbors are just proximal to M6, avoiding photoreceptor terminals (Kind et al., 2021). It has presynaptic sites in the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle, in a region distinct from the terminals of non-DRA MeTu neurons (Kind et al, 2021).
adult MeLp1 neuron [FBbt_20007600]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the accessory medulla. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate, the contralateral lobula plate, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral wedge and the contralateral wedge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeLp2 neuron [FBbt_20007601]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula plate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e01 neuron [FBbt_20007602]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e02 neuron [FBbt_20007603]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e03 neuron [FBbt_20007604]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, lateral to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e04 neuron [FBbt_20007605]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e05 neuron [FBbt_20007606]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior bridge. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e06 neuron [FBbt_20007607]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e07 neuron [FBbt_20007608]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e08 neuron [FBbt_20007609]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e09 neuron [FBbt_20003958]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e10 neuron [FBbt_20004126]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It belongs to the VPNl&d1_lateral hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e11 neuron [FBbt_20004523]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the protocerebral bridge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e12 neuron [FBbt_20004313]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the protocerebral bridge. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult MeMe_e13 neuron [FBbt_20004334]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral lobula. Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
adult optic chiasma glial cell [FBbt_00100525]
Glial cell of the adult fly that is located in the optic chiasm (Tix et al., 1997). It develops from neuroblast DL1 (CP2) (Viktorin et al., 2013; Ren et al., 2018; Plazaola-Sasieta et al., 2019). Members of this group of glial cells are arranged in rows between successive dorsoventral sheets of intercrossing fibers of the outer and inner chiasmata (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Tix et al., 1997).
adult optic lobe [FBbt_00003701]
A region of the adult brain that processes visual information from the compound eyes.
adult optic lobe astrocyte-like glial cell [FBbt_00049808]
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell found in the optic lobe (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult optic lobe cell body glial cell [FBbt_00058223]
Any glial cell (FBbt:00005144) that is part of some cell body rind of adult optic lobe (FBbt:00111152).
adult optic lobe ensheathing glial cell [FBbt_00058224]
Any ensheathing glial cell (FBbt:00047836) that is part of some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701).
adult optic lobe glial cell [FBbt_00100517]
Glial cell of the adult that is associated with the optic lobe.
adult optic lobe intrinsic neuron [FBbt_00007577]
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that synapses restricted to region some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701).
adult optic lobe neuropil associated glial cell [FBbt_00058226]
Any neuropil glial cell (FBbt:00001303) that is part of some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701).
adult optic lobe OL Tachykinin neuron [FBbt_00110047]
Adult neuron that expresses Tachykinin (FBgn0037976) and whose cell body is located at the base of the optic lobe. There are about 10 pairs of cell bodies per hemisphere (Winther et al., 2003).
adult optic lobe perineurial glial cell [FBbt_00049486]
Perineurial glial cell of the adult optic lobe. These cells form long thin strips along the dorsal-ventral axis (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult optic lobe subperineurial glial cell [FBbt_00058225]
Any glial cell (FBbt:00005144) that is part of some adult optic lobe (FBbt:00003701) and is part of some subperineurial glial sheath (FBbt:00007091).
adult outer optic chiasma giant glial cell [FBbt_00100526]
Large glial cell of the outer optic chiasm of the adult optic lobe. It extends many cytoplasmic processes that enwrap fiber bundles at and near the sites of axonal intersection (Tix et al., 1997), but does not invade the neighboring synaptic neuropil (Kremer et al., 2017). There are around 50 of these per optic lobe and each envelops 8-12 fiber bundles, with multiple glial cells sharing each large strand of fibers (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult Pdf negative s-LNv neuron [FBbt_00007433]
Adult s-LNv neuron that does not express Pdf (FBgn0023178). There is one of these in each ventral cluster of LN period neurons. It is located more dorsally than the s-LNv Pdf neurons (Helfrich-Forster, 2007; Rieger et al., 2006). It extends a single neurite through the medulla that invades the lamina, forming thin arborizations in the lamina cortex near the retina that terminate at the border of the fenestrated glia (Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011). In the central brain, it extends arborizations that predominantly terminate in the neuropil region close to the pars intercerebralis. This neuron also expresses ion transport peptide (ITP) (Schubert et al., 2018). It is an evening cell (Liang et al., 2016; Liang et al., 2017; Delventhal et al., 2019).
adult proximal lamina satellite glial cell [FBbt_00100524]
Glial cell found in the proximal part of the cell body rind of the lamina. It is located in a layer between the distal satellite glial cells and the epithelial glial cells (Kremer et al., 2017). It originates from the outer optic anlage of the larva (Edwards et al., 2012). They are thin and dense, having a smaller size and more variable orientation along the anterior-posterior axis than the distal lamina satellite glia (Kremer et al., 2017). These glial cells invest the photoreceptor axon bundles and the necks of monopolar neurons (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010). On their distal surface, they form pockets for the neuronal cell bodies, on their proximal surface, they send protrusions into the neuropil (Kremer et al., 2017). There is approximately one proximal satellite glial cell for every 2-3 groups of monopolar cell bodies (Edwards et al., 2012) and around 250 of these cells per optic lobe (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult serpentine glial cell [FBbt_00111363]
Astrocyte-like (reticular) glial cell of the adult medulla with its cell body located at the posterior margin of the serpentine layer (M7) (Edwards et al., 2017; Kremer et al., 2017). It extends thin branches distally toward the terminals of photoreceptor R7 in medulla layer M6 and proximally into M8 (Edwards et al., 2017).
adult serpentine medulla ensheathing glial cell [FBbt_00049500]
Ensheathing glial cell with its soma in the serpentine layer of the adult medulla (Kremer et al., 2017). It sends columnar branches into both the distal and proximal medulla (Kremer et al., 2017). These cells form a dense sheath (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult subretinal glial cell [FBbt_00004210]
Glial cell belonging to either of the two layers of the perineurium in the adult optic lobe (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Kremer et al., 2017). They are found between the retina and the cell body rind of the lamina and enwrap the entrance points of the photoreceptor axon bundles (Kremer et al., 2017).
adult visual neuropil intrinsic neuron [FBbt_00059247]
Neuron with its synapses restricted to the primary visual centers of the adult, i.e. the optic lobes or ocellar ganglia.
adult visual projection neuron to the mushroom body [FBbt_00048335]
Any adult visual projection neuron that has presynaptic terminals in the mushroom body (Vogt et al., 2016). These fasciculate with an optic lobe-calycal tract (Yagi et al., 2016).
aMe1 [FBbt_00053473]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with most of its input and output synapses in the accessory medulla, with a small extension into medulla layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). Its main site of innervation in the central brain is the posterior lateral protocerebrum, where it also has pre- and post-synapses (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe10 [FBbt_00053474]
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layers 6-7, with a small extension into layer 1, and in the ipsilateral accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre-and post-synapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It sends output to the contralateral accessory medulla and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe12 [FBbt_00049823]
Visual projection neuron that has a characteristic wide-field dendritic arborization pattern in the medulla with vertical extensions selectively innervating the optic columns of pale ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). It also receives input in the accessory medulla, which is near its soma (Li et al., 2020; Kind et al., 2021). It projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, mushroom body ventral accessory calyx, and superior clamp in both hemispheres (Li et al., 2020; Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately three of these cells per hemisphere and they tend not to innervate the same medulla columns as one another (Kind et al., 2021).
aMe12#1 (FAFB:7038035) [VFB_001029a9]
aMe12#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; aMe12#1 (FAFB:7038035); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; accessory medulla neuron 12]
aMe12#2 (FAFB:28841) [VFB_001029a4]
aMe12#2 [aMe12#2 (FAFB:28841); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; accessory medulla neuron 12]
aMe12#3 (FAFB:164544) [VFB_001029a5]
aMe12#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; aMe12#3 (FAFB:164544); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; accessory medulla neuron 12]
aMe15 [FBbt_00053475]
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla, the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and clamp of both hemispheres and the contralateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral superior lateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and superior and inferior clamp (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe17b [FBbt_00053477]
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input mainly in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, but also in medulla layer M6 and the accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 100 columns of medulla layer M6, where it has a large tangential arbor (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe17c [FBbt_00053478]
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input mainly in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, but also in the gnathal ganglion and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 200 columns of medulla layers M3-M4, where it has a large tangential arbor (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe17e [FBbt_00053479]
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input mainly in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, but also in lobula layer 6, medulla layer M6, the accessory medulla and the superior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 150 columns of medulla layers M6-M7, where it has a large tangential arbor, with additional output in M1 and M2-M3 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe20 [FBbt_00053480]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 80 columns of lobula layer 6 and the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and also sends output to the superior clamp and superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe22 [FBbt_00053481]
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that has most of its input and output in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe24 [FBbt_00053482]
Adult interneuron that receives input in around 20 columns of lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and in the superior medial protocerebrum of both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe25 [FBbt_00053483]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 80 columns of medulla layers M6-M7, where it has a wide tangential arbor, and the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum and also sends output to the superior clamp and superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe26 [FBbt_00053484]
Adult visual projection neuron that receives input in around 80 columns of medulla layers M6-M7, where it has a wide tangential arbor, and the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It also has outputs in the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe3 [FBbt_00053485]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, with several extensions into the medulla, particularly layer M1, where it spans around 40 columns with a tangential arbor (Nern et al., 2025). Its main output site is the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe4 [FBbt_00053486]
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron that receives input in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it has postsynapses in the accessory medulla and medulla layers M6-M7, spanning around 20 columns, and presynapses in around 60 columns of layer M1 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are 9 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe5 [FBbt_00053487]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input mainly in medulla layer M6, spanning around 20 columns with a tangential arbor (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 20-30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe6a [FBbt_00053488]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, extending into around 5 columns of medulla layer M1 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It has its soma lateral to the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe6b [FBbt_00053489]
Adult optic lobe intrinsic neuron with pre- and post-synapses mainly in the accessory medulla, but also extending slightly into the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has its soma lateral to the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe6c [FBbt_00053490]
Adult unilateral neuron with its pre- and post-synapses mainly in the accessory medulla and medulla layer M1 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has its soma lateral to the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe8 [FBbt_00053491]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 30-40 columns of lobula layer 6 as well as having some pre- and post-synapses in the accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
aMe9 [FBbt_00053492]
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron that receives input in around 30-40 columns of the ipsilateral medulla layers M6-M7 and has pre- and post-synapses in the contralateral accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum of both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
anterior cone cell [FBbt_00004195]
Anterior cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the anterior cone-cell, but does not abutt it.
anterior cone cell pigment granule [FBbt_00005233]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some anterior cone cell (FBbt:00004195).
anterior-projecting DN3 neuron [FBbt_00059242]
A small DN3 neuron that projects to the posterior side of the brain (Sun et al., 2022). There are 2 or 3 such neurons per hemisphere. They project dendrites to the accessory medulla and receives excitatory input from the DN1 neurons. They send output to the claw neurons (CL) as part of a DN1-APDN3-CL sleep-promoting feedback loop. They express allatostatin C (AstC).
AOTU044 [FBbt_20000043]
Adult visual projection neuron of the AOTU044 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VLPd&p1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 8 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
AOTU045 [FBbt_20000044]
Adult visual projection neuron of the AOTU045 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle and the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
AVLP391 [FBbt_20000500]
Adult neuron belonging to group 391 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge, periesophageal neuropils and saddle (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge, periesophageal neuropils and saddle (Scheffer et al., 2020).
bIPS [FBbt_20004075]
Adult interneuron with its soma posterior-ventral to the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, where it is targeted by ipsilateral horizontal system neurons and contralateral H2 neurons (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Erginkaya et al., 2025). It has presynapses in the contralateral inferior posterior slope, where it outputs to HSN and HSE cells (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Erginkaya et al., 2025). It is GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Erginkaya et al., 2025). There are 2 of these cells per organism (Erginkaya et al., 2025).
bLPTCrn [FBbt_20001833]
Adult interneuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It projects to both hemispheres of the dorsal inferior posterior slope, reciprocally connecting with ipsilateral horizontal and vertical system cells (Erginkaya et al., 2025). It is GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Erginkaya et al., 2025). There are approximately 7 of these cells per hemisphere (Erginkaya et al., 2025).
Bolwig organ [FBbt_00005805]
Visual organ of the larva that is anchored to the basal surface of the thin epithelium of the dorsal pouch, lateral to the musculature of the pharynx (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It consists of a dense cluster of approximately 12 photoreceptor neurons and no support cells (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It is connected to the brain via the Bolwig nerve (Green et al., 1993).
C2 [FBbt_00003743]
Adult centrifugal neuron with arborizations in the medulla layers M1, M5/M6, M8 and M10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). In the medulla, it makes reciprocal connections to lamina monopolar neuron L1, and is presynaptic to L2 and L5, as well as medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is GABAergic (Fei et al., 2010). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
C2#1 (FAFB:11453787) [VFB_001029cy]
C2#1, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); C2#1 (FAFB:11453787); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#2 (FAFB:11472485) [VFB_001029e0]
C2#2, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; C2#2 (FAFB:11472485); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#3 (FAFB:11456776) [VFB_001029d9]
C2#3, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; C2#3 (FAFB:11456776); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#4 (FAFB:12044212) [VFB_001029gh]
C2#4, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; C2#4 (FAFB:12044212); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain]
C2#5 (FAFB:11906497) [VFB_001029f4]
C2#5, FBbt:00003743 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); centrifugal neuron C2; adult brain; C2#5 (FAFB:11906497)]
C3 [FBbt_00003744]
Adult centrifugal neuron with arborizations in medulla layers M1-2, M5, and M9-10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It forms presynapses and postsynapses in the lamina (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). In the medulla it is strongly presynaptic to monopolar lamina neuron L2 and columnar neuron T1, and strongly postsynaptic to L1 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is GABAergic (Fei et al., 2010). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
C3#1 (FAFB:11471581) [VFB_001029dx]
C3#1, FBbt:00003744 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; C3#1 (FAFB:11471581); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; centrifugal neuron C3]
C3#2 (FAFB:12002622) [VFB_001029g7]
C3#2, FBbt:00003744 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; C3#2 (FAFB:12002622); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; centrifugal neuron C3]
CB0802 [FBbt_20004511]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB0802 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the gnathal ganglia, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral wedge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the gnathal ganglia, the contralateral cantle, the contralateral gorget and the ipsilateral cantle (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB0990 [FBbt_20004677]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB0990 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the gnathal ganglia and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB1342 [FBbt_20005002]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB1342 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the gnathal ganglia and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 8 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB1421 [FBbt_20005067]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB1421 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB1693 [FBbt_20005309]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB1693 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB1785 [FBbt_20005392]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB1785 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB1792 [FBbt_20005398]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB1792 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB2473 [FBbt_20006023]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB2473 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB2640 [FBbt_20006173]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB2640 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 5 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB2848 [FBbt_20006362]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB2848 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VLPd&p1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral wedge, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, the ipsilateral wedge, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3089 [FBbt_20006583]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB3089 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VLPl&p2 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3177 [FBbt_20006659]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB3177 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3560 [FBbt_20007006]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB3560 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3740 [FBbt_20007163]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB3740 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the MX3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3748 [FBbt_20007171]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the CB3748 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the MX3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3820 [FBbt_20007235]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron of the CB3820 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 126 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3825 [FBbt_20007240]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma ventral-lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has its pre- and post-synapses restricted to the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has a tangential arborization pattern in the central layers of the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 35 of these cells per hemisphere (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025).
CB3832 [FBbt_20007247]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma ventral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has its postsynapses and presynapses restricted to the ipsilateral medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has a tangential arborization pattern in the central layers of the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 80-100 of these cells per hemisphere (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025).
CB3838 [FBbt_20007253]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron of the CB3838 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3839 [FBbt_20007254]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron of the CB3839 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3849 [FBbt_20007264]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron of the CB3849 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 92 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CB3851 [FBbt_20007266]
Adult transmedullary neuron with its soma distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is mainly postsynaptic, but also has presynapses, in around 5 columns of the medulla, with arbors mainly in M6, but also other layers from M3-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It crosses the second optic chiasm and has mixed pre- and post-synapses in around 3 columns of lobula layer 5 (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 370-550 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
cell body rind of adult anterior lamina [FBbt_00051026]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the anterior part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult anterior lobula [FBbt_00051032]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the anterior part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult anterior medulla [FBbt_00051039]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the anterior part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult dorsal lamina [FBbt_00051027]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult dorsal lobula [FBbt_00051033]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult dorsal lobula plate [FBbt_00051035]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the lobula plate rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult dorsal medulla [FBbt_00051040]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the dorsal part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult lamina [FBbt_00100206]
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the lamina.
cell body rind of adult lateral lamina [FBbt_00051028]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the lateral surface of the lamina (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult lateral medulla [FBbt_00051041]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the lateral surface of the medulla (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult lobula [FBbt_00100207]
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the lobula.
cell body rind of adult lobula plate [FBbt_00001948]
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the lobula plate.
cell body rind of adult medial lamina [FBbt_00051029]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the medial surface of the lamina (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult medulla [FBbt_00100205]
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the medulla.
cell body rind of adult optic lobe [FBbt_00111152]
Region of the adult brain cell body rind that overlies the neuropil of the optic lobe. It includes the regions that overlie the lamina, medulla, lobula and lobula plate.
cell body rind of adult posterior lamina [FBbt_00051030]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult posterior lobula [FBbt_00051034]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult posterior lobula plate [FBbt_00051036]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior surface of the lobula plate (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult posterior medulla [FBbt_00051042]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the posterior part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult ventral lamina [FBbt_00051031]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the lamina rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult ventral lobula [FBbt_00051038]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the lobula rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult ventral lobula plate [FBbt_00051037]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the lobula plate rim (Ito et al., 2014).
cell body rind of adult ventral medulla [FBbt_00051043]
Adult cell body rind region that overlies the ventral part of the medulla rim (Ito et al., 2014).
centrifugal horizontal neuron [FBbt_00048125]
Tangential neuron of the horizontal system with wide-field arborization consisting of mixed pre- and post-synaptic within lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2020). There are two of these cells (dorsal and ventral) that tile the entire layer, with significant overlap (Boergens et al., 2018). They also have dense presynaptic arborization in the inferior posterior slope (Boergens et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2020). Their cell bodies are found in the opposite hemisphere to these arborizations (Boergens et al., 2018), close to the midline in the anterior brain (Wei et al., 2020). They are GABAergic (Wei et al., 2020).
Cha-F-000012 [VFB_00010152]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000017 [VFB_00010164]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000018 [VFB_00010165]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000028 [VFB_00008070]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-000032 [VFB_00008074]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-000039 [VFB_00008081]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-000047 [VFB_00008325]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000061 [VFB_00007449]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000064 [VFB_00007452]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000101 [VFB_00007159]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000118 [VFB_00005327]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000124 [VFB_00005345]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000126 [VFB_00005349]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-000129 [VFB_00005352]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000138 [VFB_00005369]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-000198 [VFB_00005238]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000213 [VFB_00005018]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-000218 [VFB_00005025]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000230 [VFB_00005061]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-000231 [VFB_00005075]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000234 [VFB_00005078]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000248 [VFB_00005115]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-000249 [VFB_00005142]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000255 [VFB_00005173]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC13
Cha-F-000281 [VFB_00004154]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000284 [VFB_00004158]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000335 [VFB_00004340]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000336 [VFB_00004341]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-000342 [VFB_00004356]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000357 [VFB_00004413]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000365 [VFB_00004429]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-000389 [VFB_00003911]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100003 [VFB_00010077]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC13
Cha-F-100016 [VFB_00010171]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100017 [VFB_00010182]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100040 [VFB_00007245]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-100042 [VFB_00007247]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100046 [VFB_00007617]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-100052 [VFB_00007677]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-100056 [VFB_00007709]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100067 [VFB_00007094]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-100071 [VFB_00007143]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100072 [VFB_00007155]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-100092 [VFB_00005451]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100101 [VFB_00005510]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100131 [VFB_00004876]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-100198 [VFB_00005001]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-100215 [VFB_00005049]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100224 [VFB_00005144]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100226 [VFB_00005158]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100240 [VFB_00005215]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100287 [VFB_00004270]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-100308 [VFB_00004337]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-100316 [VFB_00004362]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-100342 [VFB_00004408]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-200000 [VFB_00011568]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200037 [VFB_00008181]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200043 [VFB_00008193]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200072 [VFB_00007254]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-200079 [VFB_00007599]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200081 [VFB_00007606]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200088 [VFB_00007640]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200094 [VFB_00007651]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-200101 [VFB_00007685]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-200126 [VFB_00005268]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200131 [VFB_00005297]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-200141 [VFB_00005317]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200143 [VFB_00005329]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200147 [VFB_00005382]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200157 [VFB_00005402]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200181 [VFB_00005638]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200192 [VFB_00004859]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200195 [VFB_00004862]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-200199 [VFB_00004866]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200203 [VFB_00004917]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-200216 [VFB_00004990]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-200220 [VFB_00005023]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-200221 [VFB_00005024]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200245 [VFB_00005139]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200257 [VFB_00005171]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-200269 [VFB_00005207]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-200271 [VFB_00005220]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-200292 [VFB_00004204]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200297 [VFB_00004217]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200316 [VFB_00004259]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-200323 [VFB_00004290]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-200331 [VFB_00004298]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200338 [VFB_00004305]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200343 [VFB_00004310]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-200346 [VFB_00004320]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-200347 [VFB_00004321]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200369 [VFB_00004400]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-200372 [VFB_00004403]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-200373 [VFB_00004404]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-300010 [VFB_00011583]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300028 [VFB_00008055]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-300031 [VFB_00008058]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300045 [VFB_00008140]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300051 [VFB_00008166]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300054 [VFB_00008169]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300061 [VFB_00008211]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-300065 [VFB_00008215]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-300080 [VFB_00008305]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300091 [VFB_00008320]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300094 [VFB_00008337]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300102 [VFB_00008354]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300111 [VFB_00008366]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-300121 [VFB_00007221]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300129 [VFB_00007555]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300134 [VFB_00007673]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-300135 [VFB_00007674]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300138 [VFB_00007680]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-300147 [VFB_00007095]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-300149 [VFB_00007112]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-300153 [VFB_00007128]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-300167 [VFB_00007168]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300185 [VFB_00005273]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300193 [VFB_00005280]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-300198 [VFB_00005303]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300201 [VFB_00005372]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-300217 [VFB_00005454]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300219 [VFB_00005461]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-300254 [VFB_00005668]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300278 [VFB_00005059]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-300290 [VFB_00005085]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-300300 [VFB_00005110]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-300324 [VFB_00004462]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-300331 [VFB_00003886]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400004 [VFB_00011589]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400016 [VFB_00010115]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-400021 [VFB_00010122]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400051 [VFB_00008261]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400058 [VFB_00008372]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-400060 [VFB_00008380]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400077 [VFB_00007480]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-400088 [VFB_00007248]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400097 [VFB_00007563]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-400109 [VFB_00007625]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-400114 [VFB_00007663]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400115 [VFB_00007666]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400119 [VFB_00007080]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-400130 [VFB_00007146]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-400139 [VFB_00007185]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-400153 [VFB_00005305]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400154 [VFB_00005306]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400175 [VFB_00005431]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400180 [VFB_00005466]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400190 [VFB_00005535]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-400219 [VFB_00004834]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-400227 [VFB_00004842]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-400228 [VFB_00004843]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC14
Cha-F-400231 [VFB_00005230]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC14
Cha-F-500038 [VFB_00008033]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-500068 [VFB_00008288]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-500080 [VFB_00008317]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500089 [VFB_00008393]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500092 [VFB_00007497]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-500098 [VFB_00007232]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500099 [VFB_00007233]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-500117 [VFB_00007267]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500120 [VFB_00007076]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-500121 [VFB_00007077]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500132 [VFB_00007184]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-500145 [VFB_00005323]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500153 [VFB_00005547]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500154 [VFB_00005566]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500160 [VFB_00005632]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-500167 [VFB_00005660]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500170 [VFB_00005062]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500175 [VFB_00005174]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-500194 [VFB_00003862]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-600004 [VFB_00010125]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600012 [VFB_00008048]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600015 [VFB_00008051]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600016 [VFB_00008052]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600031 [VFB_00007507]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-600033 [VFB_00007509]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600053 [VFB_00007541]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-600060 [VFB_00007612]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600076 [VFB_00007716]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600077 [VFB_00007717]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-600098 [VFB_00007196]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600123 [VFB_00005480]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600128 [VFB_00005592]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-600132 [VFB_00005597]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-600137 [VFB_00005618]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-600150 [VFB_00005235]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-600169 [VFB_00003905]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-600173 [VFB_00003909]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600175 [VFB_00003923]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-600180 [VFB_00003926]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-700014 [VFB_00010166]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC14
Cha-F-700042 [VFB_00008127]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700046 [VFB_00008131]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700069 [VFB_00008210]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700079 [VFB_00008251]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Cha-F-700080 [VFB_00008252]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700084 [VFB_00008269]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700091 [VFB_00007533]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-700092 [VFB_00007534]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Cha-F-700103 [VFB_00007574]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700108 [VFB_00007580]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700117 [VFB_00007601]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-700119 [VFB_00007633]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700142 [VFB_00007131]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-700147 [VFB_00005458]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Cha-F-700149 [VFB_00005518]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-700159 [VFB_00005569]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-700160 [VFB_00005589]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-700167 [VFB_00005687]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-700184 [VFB_00003875]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-700192 [VFB_00003881]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Cha-F-800001 [VFB_00007457]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-800005 [VFB_00007492]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-800018 [VFB_00007572]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-800042 [VFB_00005607]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-800055 [VFB_00005095]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-800060 [VFB_00005164]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-900007 [VFB_00008331]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-900012 [VFB_00008336]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Cha-F-900014 [VFB_00007460]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-900017 [VFB_00007470]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-900027 [VFB_00007503]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Cha-F-900031 [VFB_00005412]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Cha-F-900036 [VFB_00005506]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
ChaTnew1 neuron [FBbt_00110080]
T neuron whose cell body sits in the cortex adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate. Its cell body fibers project through this gap before branching in the second optic chiasm. One branch projects into medulla layer M10, the other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layers 1 and 2 and lobula plate layer 1. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
CL125 [FBbt_20000830]
Adult visual projection neuron of the CL125 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPpl1 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral accessory medulla and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CL284 [FBbt_20000989]
Adult visual projection neuron of the CL284 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
CL285 [FBbt_20000990]
Adult visual projection neuron of the CL285 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
cLP01 [FBbt_20007288]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the cLP01 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula plate (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 51 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
cLPTCrn [FBbt_20001834]
Adult interneuron that projects bilaterally within the inferior posterior slope and forms reciprocal connections with most vertical and horizontal system cells (Erginkaya et al. (2025). It is GABAergic (Erginkaya et al., 2025). There are approximately 10 of these cells per hemisphere (Erginkaya et al., 2025).
Cm [FBbt_00053287]
Intrinsic neuron of the medulla with its main arbors in the central (M6/M7) layers (Nern et al., 2025).
cM04 [FBbt_20007297]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the cM04 (aMe2) group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It remains ipsilateral, with its postsynapses in the accessory medulla, medulla and posterior lateral protocerebrum, and its presynapses in the medulla and accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2-3 of these cells per hemisphere (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025).
cM08c [FBbt_20007681]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the cM08c group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
cM09 [FBbt_20007302]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the cM09 (aMe30) group, with its soma in the brain, ventral-lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It remains ipsilateral, with its postsynapses in the medulla, lobula and posterior lateral protocerebrum, and its presynapses in the medulla, lobula and accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3-4 of these cells per hemisphere (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025).
Cm1 [FBbt_20011362]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm1 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 213 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm10 [FBbt_20011363]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm10 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 44 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
cM11 [FBbt_20007304]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the cM11 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior-dorsal to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral wedge, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
Cm13 [FBbt_20007268]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm13 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 25 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm15 [FBbt_20011364]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm15 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 21 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm16 [FBbt_20011365]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm16 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 18 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm17 [FBbt_20011366]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm17 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 12 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm18 [FBbt_20011367]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm18 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 14 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm19 [FBbt_20011368]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm19 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 13 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm2 [FBbt_20011369]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm2 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 173 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm20 [FBbt_20011370]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm20 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 13 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm21 [FBbt_20007232]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm21 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 12 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm22 [FBbt_20011371]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm22 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 10 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm23 [FBbt_20011372]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm23 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 8 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm24 [FBbt_20011373]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm24 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm25 [FBbt_20011374]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm25 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm26 [FBbt_20011375]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm26 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm27 [FBbt_20011376]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm27 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 4 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm28 [FBbt_20011377]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm28 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm29 [FBbt_20011378]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm29 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm3 [FBbt_20011379]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm3 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 160 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm31a [FBbt_20007256]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm31a group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm31b [FBbt_20011380]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm31b group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm32 [FBbt_20007259]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm32 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm34 [FBbt_20011381]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm34 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and medulla layer M9 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and medulla layer M9 (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm35 [FBbt_20007258]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm35 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm4 [FBbt_20011382]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm4 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 110 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm5 [FBbt_20011383]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm5 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 95 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm6 [FBbt_20011384]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm6 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 94 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm7 [FBbt_20011385]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm7 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 88 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Cm9 [FBbt_20011386]
Adult central medulla intrinsic neuron of the Cm9 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 63 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
complex columnar visual projection neuron [FBbt_00047873]
Adult visual projection neuron with a columnar arborization pattern that connects multiple optic lobe neuropil domains (lobula, lobula plate, medulla) and projects to the central brain (Otsuna and Ito, 2006).
complex columnar visual projection neuron CC1 [FBbt_00047872]
Adult visual projection neuron with a cell body in the lateral cell body rind region (between the central brain and optic lobe) that innervates more than one neuropil domain of the optic lobe (lobula, lobula plate, medulla) and has a columnar pattern of arborization.
cone cell [FBbt_00004193]
A cell type of the ommatidium. Each ommatidium contains four cone cells. The four cell bodies form a plate that is the floor of the pseudocone and the roof of the rhabdomere chamber. The surface facing the pseudocone is covered with small papillae that secrete lens materials. The lower surface, facing the photoreceptors, makes numerous hemi-desmosomes with the extracellular cap above the rhabdomeres. Each cone cell extends a thin process, the inter-retinular fiber, between the photoreceptors to the base of the ommatidium where it makes a foot. The four cone cell feet make a plug at the base of the rhabdomere chamber. Cone cells contain coarse ommochrome pigment granules.
cone cell pigment granule [FBbt_00005231]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some cone cell (FBbt:00004193).
cornea [FBbt_00004191]
Chitinous extracellular laminar secretion that covers each ommatidia of the adult eye. It is optically clear and biconvex, being around 5um thick at its center, and it covers the pseudocone layer. It is secreted by the underlying four cone cells and two primary pigment cells. The cornea between the facets is secreted by the secondary and tertiary pigment cells and although continuous with the lens, it is not stacked in deep layers.
CT1 [FBbt_00048245]
Large tangential cell that spans the opposing faces of the medulla layer M10 and lobula layer 1 to form modular associations, one per column, with both T4 and T5 in both neuropil regions (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is strongly presynaptic to T4 and T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It has its cell body near the midline in the anterior central brain, close to the antennal lobes, and it projects to the contralateral optic lobe. There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it is GABAergic (Takemura et al., 2017).
dCal1 [FBbt_00053419]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron of the calyx group that arborizes in the dorsoposterior part of the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 4 visual field (Zhao et al., 2023), receiving input from around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also sends dendrites into other lobula plate layers and into the lobula (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 50 columns of the contralateral lobula plate layers 3 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025) and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
DCH [FBbt_00048126]
Centrifugal horizontal neuron that arborizes in the dorsal part of lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018).
deep pseudopupil [FBbt_00052678]
Virtual image of the photoreceptor tips, formed from the superposition of all images of the ommatidia at the centre of the curvature of the compound eye, where the ommatidial optic axes converge (Franceschini and Kirschfeld, 1971; Fenk et al., 2022).
deep pseudopupil [FBbt_00052678]
Virtual image of the photoreceptor tips, formed from the superposition of all images of the ommatidia at the centre of the curvature of the compound eye, where the ommatidial optic axes converge (Franceschini and Kirschfeld, 1971; Fenk et al., 2022).
distal medulla glial cell [FBbt_00100528]
Glial cell located proximal to the marginal glial cells. They elaborate long processes and wrap R cell axons in the medulla, which stop precisely at the base of expanded R8 and R7 growth cones. They also extend processes to the bottom of the lamina furrow (Poeck et al., 2001).
distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm3a [FBbt_00052303]
Dm3 neuron with posterior-ventrally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3b based on its lack of bi expression (Ozel et al., 2021).
distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm3b [FBbt_00052304]
Dm3 neuron with posterior-dorsally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3a based on its expression of bi (Ozel et al., 2021).
distal medullary amacrine neuron vGlutDmnew1 [FBbt_00110095]
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches extensively in medulla layers M1 to M4, with blob-like protrusions at the terminals. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Dm [FBbt_00003767]
An amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla, whose soma is located in the cortex of the medulla and that branches and arborizes in the distal medulla. These neurons project through the distal surface of the medulla, to form wide (sometimes very wide) terminal arborizations mainly or completely restricted to a single layer of the medulla.
Dm-DRA1 [FBbt_00049483]
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that arborizes in layer M6, where it receives input from approximately 9 R7 photoreceptor cells of the dorsal rim area of the retina, but not photoreceptors outside of the dorsal rim area (Sancer et al., 2019; Kind et al., 2021). These cells also form presynaptic sites just below M6 (Sancer et al., 2019; Kind et al., 2021). They vary in morphology based on their position (Sancer et al., 2019).
Dm-DRA1#1 (FAFB:11993076) [VFB_001029fn]
Dm-DRA1#1, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#1 (FAFB:11993076); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#10 (FAFB:14065298) [VFB_001029gs]
Dm-DRA1#10, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#10 (FAFB:14065298)]
Dm-DRA1#11 (FAFB:10265806) [VFB_001029al]
Dm-DRA1#11, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#11 (FAFB:10265806); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#12 (FAFB:11903982) [VFB_001029f1]
Dm-DRA1#12, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#12 (FAFB:11903982); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#13 (FAFB:11992843) [VFB_001029fi]
Dm-DRA1#13, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#13 (FAFB:11992843); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#14 (FAFB:11141229) [VFB_001029bx]
Dm-DRA1#14, FBbt:00049483 [Dm-DRA1#14 (FAFB:11141229); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#15 (FAFB:13979721) [VFB_001029gr]
Dm-DRA1#15, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#15 (FAFB:13979721); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#16 (FAFB:11993798) [VFB_001029fv]
Dm-DRA1#16, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#16 (FAFB:11993798); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#17 (FAFB:13607720) [VFB_001029gq]
Dm-DRA1#17, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#17 (FAFB:13607720); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#18 (FAFB:11769714) [VFB_001029ex]
Dm-DRA1#18, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#18 (FAFB:11769714)]
Dm-DRA1#19 (FAFB:17170763) [VFB_001029hy]
Dm-DRA1#19, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#19 (FAFB:17170763); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#2 (FAFB:11993695) [VFB_001029fu]
Dm-DRA1#2, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#2 (FAFB:11993695); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#20 (FAFB:15976817) [VFB_001029hj]
Dm-DRA1#20, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#20 (FAFB:15976817); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#3 (FAFB:16766812) [VFB_001029hq]
Dm-DRA1#3, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; Dm-DRA1#3 (FAFB:16766812); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#4 (FAFB:17155321) [VFB_001029hs]
Dm-DRA1#4, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#4 (FAFB:17155321)]
Dm-DRA1#5 (FAFB:10440160) [VFB_001029az]
Dm-DRA1#5, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#5 (FAFB:10440160); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#6 (FAFB:11896101) [VFB_001029ez]
Dm-DRA1#6, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#6 (FAFB:11896101); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#7 (FAFB:12106449) [VFB_001029gk]
Dm-DRA1#7, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA1#7 (FAFB:12106449); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA1#8 (FAFB:10247370) [VFB_001029ak]
Dm-DRA1#8, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA1#8 (FAFB:10247370)]
Dm-DRA1#9 (FAFB:17156427) [VFB_001029ht]
Dm-DRA1#9, FBbt:00049483 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA1; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA1#9 (FAFB:17156427); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2 [FBbt_00049484]
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that arborizes in layer M6, where it receives input from approximately 9 R8 photoreceptor cells of the dorsal rim area of the retina, but not photoreceptors outside of the dorsal rim area (Sancer et al., 2019; Kind et al., 2021). These cells do not project deeper than M6, but have vertical projections, extending upwards from M6, following incoming R8 terminals (Sancer et al., 2019). They vary in morphology based on their position (Sancer et al., 2019).
Dm-DRA2#1 (FAFB:10411788) [VFB_001029as]
Dm-DRA2#1, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm-DRA2#1 (FAFB:10411788); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#10 (FAFB:11981475) [VFB_001029fh]
Dm-DRA2#10, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm-DRA2#10 (FAFB:11981475); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#2 (FAFB:10483848) [VFB_001029b4]
Dm-DRA2#2, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm-DRA2#2 (FAFB:10483848); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#3 (FAFB:11710979) [VFB_001029es]
Dm-DRA2#3, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); Dm-DRA2#3 (FAFB:11710979); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#4 (FAFB:10449076) [VFB_001029b0]
Dm-DRA2#4, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm-DRA2#4 (FAFB:10449076); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#5 (FAFB:10484771) [VFB_001029b5]
Dm-DRA2#5, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; Dm-DRA2#5 (FAFB:10484771); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#6 (FAFB:17163676) [VFB_001029hw]
Dm-DRA2#6, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA2#6 (FAFB:17163676)]
Dm-DRA2#7 (FAFB:13262259) [VFB_001029go]
Dm-DRA2#7, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA2#7 (FAFB:13262259)]
Dm-DRA2#8 (FAFB:14311483) [VFB_001029gx]
Dm-DRA2#8, FBbt:00049484 [Dm-DRA2#8 (FAFB:14311483); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm-DRA2#9 (FAFB:11918436) [VFB_001029fd]
Dm-DRA2#9, FBbt:00049484 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm-DRA2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm-DRA2#9 (FAFB:11918436)]
Dm#1 (FAFB:11511057) [VFB_001029ei]
Dm#1, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm#1 (FAFB:11511057)]
Dm#10 (FAFB:16110049) [VFB_001029hn]
Dm#10, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm#10 (FAFB:16110049)]
Dm#11 (FAFB:11993803) [VFB_001029fw]
Dm#11, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; Dm#11 (FAFB:11993803); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#12 (FAFB:10479097) [VFB_001029b3]
Dm#12, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm#12 (FAFB:10479097); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#2 (FAFB:11448962) [VFB_001029cg]
Dm#2, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm#2 (FAFB:11448962); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#3 (FAFB:11474156) [VFB_001029e7]
Dm#3, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm#3 (FAFB:11474156); distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#4 (FAFB:10106710) [VFB_001029ac]
Dm#4, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm#4 (FAFB:10106710); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#5 (FAFB:11455001) [VFB_001029d3]
Dm#5, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm#5 (FAFB:11455001); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#6 (FAFB:10562974) [VFB_001029ba]
Dm#6, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm#6 (FAFB:10562974); distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#7 (FAFB:11723759) [VFB_001029et]
Dm#7, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm#7 (FAFB:11723759); distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm#8 (FAFB:10638022) [VFB_001029bd]
Dm#8, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm#8 (FAFB:10638022)]
Dm#9 (FAFB:10537970) [VFB_001029b7]
Dm#9, FBbt:00003767 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm#9 (FAFB:10537970); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm1 [FBbt_00003768]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the anterior region of the cell body rind of the medulla. It branches extensively at the distal surface of the medulla forming a moderately broad arbor with each branch making a distinctive bouton-like terminal in the region between M1 and M2 (in the same sublayer as Dm18, and more proximal than Dm9 and Dm10 in M1), from which short, fine terminal branches project (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering around 20-30 columns, but with these areas overlapping. The size of the terminals of Dm1 is smaller than those of Dm18. There are around 40 Dm1 neurons per hemisphere. They are glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Dm10 [FBbt_00110135]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It has a distinct tri-stratified layer pattern, branching extensively in medulla layers M1, M3B and M5. Its arbor resembles an ellipse, with the long axis aligned with the dorsal-ventral axis, and covering less than 10 columns. The processes in M1 and M3B to M5 are located in an intracolumnar position. There are around 300 Dm10 neurons per hemisphere. They are GABAergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Dm11 [FBbt_00111272]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the dorsal region of the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite extends beyond M6A layer, and then turns back, forming recurrent, columnar processes from M6A to M1, and into the first optic chiasm. The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering around 9 columns and showing tiling. The terminals of these cells in M6A collectively occupy the whole layer, whereas in the other layers the processes are thin, with each process occupying only one column, and being associated with R7 and R8 photoreceptor axons. There are around 70 Dm11 neurons per hemisphere. They are glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Dm11#1 (FAFB:11450453) [VFB_001029cl]
Dm11#1, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm11#1 (FAFB:11450453); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11]
Dm11#2 (FAFB:11444398) [VFB_001029c0]
Dm11#2, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm11#2 (FAFB:11444398); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11]
Dm11#3 (FAFB:11455071) [VFB_001029d5]
Dm11#3, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11; Dm11#3 (FAFB:11455071)]
Dm11#4 (FAFB:17161735) [VFB_001029hu]
Dm11#4, FBbt:00111272 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm11#4 (FAFB:17161735); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm11]
Dm12 [FBbt_00111273]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite extends into the M6 layer, and then turns back to project to M3B. The arbor is circular in shape, overlapping and covering around 15-20 columns. The arbor is located in a peripheral intracolumnar position. There are around 120 Dm12 neurons per hemisphere. They are glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Dm13 [FBbt_00111274]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in anterior region of the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite extends deeper into the medulla layer, and then turns back to form to branches in M4. The arbors overlap, forming a grid-like arrangement and covering around 50-100 columns. The arbor is located in a peripheral intracolumnar position. There are around 15-20 Dm13 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm14 [FBbt_00111275]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in dorsal anterior region of the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite branches in the M2 layer, in the same sublayer as Dm17 and Dm19. The arbors overlap, forming a grid-like arrangement and covering around 50-100 columns. The arbor is located in a peripheral intracolumnar position. There are around 15 Dm14 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm15 [FBbt_00111276]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite branches in the M2 layer, in the same sublayer as Dm14, Dm17 and Dm19 though its branches extend slightly deeper. The arbor resembles an ellipse, overlapping with that of other cells, and with the longer axis oriented at a slight angle to the anterior-posterior axis. It covers less than 10 columns. The arbor is located in a peripheral intracolumnar position. There are around 250 Dm15 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm16 [FBbt_00111277]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite branches in both the M1/M2 and M2/M3 boundary regions. The arbor is elongated along the dorsal-ventral axis, with higher arbor density located at the dorsal end of the cell. The arbor is located in a peripheral columnar position. There are around 100 Dm16 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm17 [FBbt_00111278]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located near the anterior edge of the medulla. Its primary neurite branches in the M2 layer, in the same sublayer as Dm14 and Dm19, and often shows bifurcations that cover separate medulla regions. It is a very large cell, with its arbor covering up to half of the whole M2 layer. The arbor is located in a intracolumnar position. There are 5 Dm17 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm18 [FBbt_00111279]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite branches in the boundary between M1 and M2 layers, in the same sublayer as Dm1. The arbors form a grid-like arrangement and cover around 50-100 columns. The arbor is located in a peripheral intracolumnar position. There are around 20 Dm18 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm19 [FBbt_00111280]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the dorsal region of the cell body rind of the medulla. Its primary neurite branches in the M2 layer, in the same sublayer as Dm14 and Dm17. The arbor is very large, covering 100-200 columns. The majority of processes are located in a central columnar position, similar to Dm6. There are around 15 Dm19 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm2 [FBbt_00003769]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It terminates with a small bushy arbor with mixed terminal morphology in layers M3-M6B. The arbors in M6B extend into neighboring columns on the dorsal side. The small arbors cover 2 columns in M6 and one in the other layers. It is cholinergic (Konstantinides et al., 2022).
Dm2#1 (FAFB:11448822) [VFB_001029ce]
Dm2#1, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#1 (FAFB:11448822)]
Dm2#10 (FAFB:17254550) [VFB_001029i1]
Dm2#10, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#10 (FAFB:17254550)]
Dm2#11 (FAFB:14305318) [VFB_001029gv]
Dm2#11, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#11 (FAFB:14305318)]
Dm2#2 (FAFB:10499249) [VFB_001029b6]
Dm2#2, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Dm2#2 (FAFB:10499249); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#3 (FAFB:11453277) [VFB_001029cv]
Dm2#3, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; Dm2#3 (FAFB:11453277); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#4 (FAFB:11466216) [VFB_001029dj]
Dm2#4, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#4 (FAFB:11466216)]
Dm2#5 (FAFB:11449694) [VFB_001029cj]
Dm2#5, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; Dm2#5 (FAFB:11449694); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#6 (FAFB:17162382) [VFB_001029hv]
Dm2#6, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; Dm2#6 (FAFB:17162382); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#7 (FAFB:11918130) [VFB_001029fc]
Dm2#7, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Dm2#7 (FAFB:11918130); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm2#8 (FAFB:14065353) [VFB_001029gt]
Dm2#8, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm2#8 (FAFB:14065353)]
Dm2#9 (FAFB:10655668) [VFB_001029bl]
Dm2#9, FBbt:00003769 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2; female organism; Dm2#9 (FAFB:10655668); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm20 [FBbt_00111281]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the dorsal and ventral regions of the cell body rind of the medulla. Its arbor is mainly located in the M3B layer, though there are branches in more proximal and distal layers, and processes branch multiple times between the edge of M1 and M3B layers. The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering 50-100 columns, and overlapping considerably. The processes are located in a peripheral intracolumnar position, similar to Dm12. There are around 50 Dm20 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm3 [FBbt_00003770]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It projects asymmetrically along layers M2 and M3A forming mixed morphology arborizations (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The arborization is proximal to that of Dm15 in M2 and distal to Dm4, Dm12 and Dm20 in M3B. Its arbor has a distinct narrow and elongated shape, covering one column wide and 10 columns long. The arbors overlap significantly between cells, aligning with rows of medulla columns, and extending in one of two orthogonal orientations. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). There are two subtypes with different dendrite orientation, synaptic partners and gene expression (Ozel et al., 2021).
Dm3a [FBbt_00052303]
Dm3 neuron with posterior-ventrally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3b based on its lack of bi expression (Ozel et al., 2021).
Dm3b [FBbt_00052304]
Dm3 neuron with posterior-dorsally oriented dendrites (Ozel et al., 2021). It can be distinguished from Dm3a based on its expression of bi (Ozel et al., 2021).
Dm3c [FBbt_00053403]
Dm3 neuron with dorsoventrally oriented processes in the medulla (Matsliah et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025).
Dm4 [FBbt_00003771]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the anterior region of the cell body rind of the medulla. The main neurite extends into M6, and then turns back to arborize in the boundary between M5 and M6, and in M3B, with mixed morphology arborizations. The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering around 21 columns, but with these areas tiling. It is located in a central position in the column, surrounded by the terminal of photoreceptors R7 and R8, with the cell boundaries following the column boundaries. There are around 40 Dm4 neurons per hemisphere. They are glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Dm5 [FBbt_00003772]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that has a moderately broad, fine terminal arborization in layers M4-6. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Dm6 [FBbt_00003773]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron whose cell body is located in the ventral region of the cell body rind of the medulla. It branches extensively at the distal surface of the medulla forming a broad arbor with each branch making a distinctive bleb-type terminal in the boundary between M1 and M2 layers from which short, fine terminal branches project into M2. The arborization overlaps with both the sublayers occupied by Dm1/Dm18, and Dm14/Dm17/Dm19. The arborizations in M1/M2 are enriched in presynaptic terminals. The arbor varies in shape between cells, covering around 30-40 columns, with these areas overlapping. It is located in a intracolumnar position, in the same region as the terminals of lamina monopolar neuron L2, and more central than that of Dm1 and Dm14. There are around 30 Dm6 neurons per hemisphere.
Dm7 [FBbt_00003774]
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches in layer M6. The branches spread along the layer, forming an arbor in M6 with terminals of mixed morphology. Some collaterals from this arbor extend to M4 where they also spread to form an arbor with terminals of mixed morphology.
Dm8#1 (FAFB:10109586) [VFB_001029ae]
Dm8#1, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm8#1 (FAFB:10109586); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#10 (FAFB:10410432) [VFB_001029ar]
Dm8#10, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#10 (FAFB:10410432); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#11 (FAFB:10196189) [VFB_001029ah]
Dm8#11, FBbt:00013774 [Dm8#11 (FAFB:10196189); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#12 (FAFB:10245571) [VFB_001029aj]
Dm8#12, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#12 (FAFB:10245571); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#13 (FAFB:10971698) [VFB_001029bv]
Dm8#13, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm8#13 (FAFB:10971698); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#14 (FAFB:11445681) [VFB_001029c3]
Dm8#14, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#14 (FAFB:11445681)]
Dm8#15 (FAFB:10995248) [VFB_001029bw]
Dm8#15, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#15 (FAFB:10995248)]
Dm8#2 (FAFB:11453021) [VFB_001029cs]
Dm8#2, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#2 (FAFB:11453021)]
Dm8#3 (FAFB:10411811) [VFB_001029at]
Dm8#3, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#3 (FAFB:10411811)]
Dm8#4 (FAFB:10208775) [VFB_001029ai]
Dm8#4, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#4 (FAFB:10208775); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#5 (FAFB:11453311) [VFB_001029cw]
Dm8#5, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; Dm8#5 (FAFB:11453311); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#6 (FAFB:11500071) [VFB_001029eh]
Dm8#6, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm8#6 (FAFB:11500071)]
Dm8#7 (FAFB:11523807) [VFB_001029ej]
Dm8#7, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#7 (FAFB:11523807); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#8 (FAFB:10419714) [VFB_001029au]
Dm8#8, FBbt:00013774 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Dm8#8 (FAFB:10419714); JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8#9 (FAFB:11447520) [VFB_001029c9]
Dm8#9, FBbt:00013774 [Dm8#9 (FAFB:11447520); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm8a [FBbt_00013774]
Glutamatergic (Gao et al., 2008; Karuppudurai et al., 2014) distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches extensively in medulla layer M6A (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2013; Nern et al., 2015), spanning approximately 16 medulla columns (Karuppudurai et al., 2014), with centrifugal projections back to layer M4 (Takemura et al., 2013; Nern et al., 2015). The highest arbor density and longest distal projection are usually found in one optic column (its ‘home column’), near the center of the M6A arborization, with these columns tiling between different individual Dm8 cells, while the rest of the arbor overlaps with other Dm8 cells considerably (Gao et al., 2008; Nern et al., 2015; Kind et al., 2021). In layer M6, it is postsynaptic to several R7 photoreceptor cells and presynaptic to Tm5c (Gao et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2013; Karuppudurai et al., 2014). The contacts with Tm5c are clustered in one column at the center of the dendritic field of Dm8 (Karuppudurai et al., 2014). It is involved in UV preference (Gao et al., 2008).
Dm8b [FBbt_00110069]
Distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches in medulla layers M6, M7 and M8 (Hasegawa et al., 2011).
Dm9 [FBbt_00111271]
Distal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron with arbors that span multiple columns in layers M1 and M6A and columnar processes between these two layers. The processes in M2 and M5 occupy a central column position and are closely associated with R7 and R8 photoreceptor axons, covering around 7 columns. There are around 110 Dm9 neurons per hemisphere. They are glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Dm9#1 (FAFB:11452427) [VFB_001029cr]
Dm9#1, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#1 (FAFB:11452427)]
Dm9#10 (FAFB:10655888) [VFB_001029bm]
Dm9#10, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#10 (FAFB:10655888); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#11 (FAFB:14933802) [VFB_001029h7]
Dm9#11, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#11 (FAFB:14933802)]
Dm9#12 (FAFB:14310274) [VFB_001029gw]
Dm9#12, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#12 (FAFB:14310274); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#2 (FAFB:11447061) [VFB_001029c5]
Dm9#2, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#2 (FAFB:11447061)]
Dm9#3 (FAFB:11450495) [VFB_001029cn]
Dm9#3, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#3 (FAFB:11450495); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#4 (FAFB:11484679) [VFB_001029ee]
Dm9#4, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#4 (FAFB:11484679); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#5 (FAFB:11454714) [VFB_001029d2]
Dm9#5, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; Dm9#5 (FAFB:11454714); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#6 (FAFB:11444386) [VFB_001029by]
Dm9#6, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#6 (FAFB:11444386); female organism; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#7 (FAFB:11916195) [VFB_001029fa]
Dm9#7, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Dm9#7 (FAFB:11916195)]
Dm9#8 (FAFB:12013129) [VFB_001029g8]
Dm9#8, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Dm9#8 (FAFB:12013129); distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Dm9#9 (FAFB:10657500) [VFB_001029bq]
Dm9#9, FBbt:00111271 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Dm9#9 (FAFB:10657500); is part of; distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm9; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
DNp11 [FBbt_00047644]
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body posterior to the inferior posterior slope (Matsuo et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). The primary neurite extends anterodorsally and branches in the posterior region of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, with one branch extending laterally to form postsynaptic terminals in the lobula (Matsuo et al., 2016). A ventral branch forms a dense dendritic arbor encompassing the ipsilateral antennal mechanosensory and motor center zone B, wedge, posterior lateral protocerebrum, and anterior and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, including the LC4 glomerulus and non-glomerular regions (Matsuo et al., 2016). A thin neurite projects medially and fasciculates with the great commissure, then turns ventrally and forms presynaptic terminals bilaterally in the saddle and posterior gnathal ganglion (Matsuo et al., 2016). Some individuals may have additional ipsilateral brain innervation (Matsuo et al., 2016). It descends on the contralateral side of the cervical connective, fasciculates with the median tract of the dorsal cervical fascicle and innervates the intermediate and lower tectulum, abdominal neuromere, and T1 and T2 leg neuropils (Namiki et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Matsuo et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives looming stimulus input from posterior LC4 neurons and its activity results in a forwards leaning posture and forwards takeoff (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
DNp15 [FBbt_00047648]
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body on the posterior surface of the brain (Namiki et al., 2018). In the brain, it has dendrites in the inferior and superior posterior slope (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). In the VNC, it fasciculates with the intermediate tract of the dorsal cervical fascicle and sends output to the neck and haltere neuropils (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives input from horizontal system neurons in the inferior posterior slope (Erginkaya et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it remains ipsilateral (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018).
DNp20 [FBbt_00047653]
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body on the posterior surface of the brain (Namiki et al., 2018). It has dendritic arbors in the inferior and superior posterior slope that form a characteristic Y shape (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives a large amount of its input from ocellar ganglion interneurons (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It has a large diameter descending axon and it sends output to the neck neuropil (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it remains ipsilateral (Namiki et al., 2018). It is cholinergic (Cheong et al., 2024).
DNp22 [FBbt_00047655]
Descending neuron belonging to the DNp group, having a cell body on the posterior surface of the brain (Namiki et al., 2018). It has dendritic arbors in the inferior and superior posterior slope that form a characteristic Y shape (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). It receives a large amount of input from ocellar ganglion interneurons (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). In the VNC, it fasciculates with the median tract of the dorsal cervical fascicle and has outputs in the neck, wing and haltere neuropils (Suver et al., 2016; Namiki et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it remains ipsilateral (Namiki et al., 2018).
dorsal margin ommatidium [FBbt_02000000]
An ommatidial subtype located in a single row at the dorsal margin of the eye. This ommatidial subtype is specialized to detect the angle of polarized light.
dorsal margin photoreceptor cell [FBbt_00004207]
Any eye photoreceptor cell (FBbt:00006009) that is part of some dorsal margin ommatidium (FBbt:02000000).
dorsal rim area [FBbt_00111065]
Dorsal part of the retina, consisting of a single row of (dorsal margin) ommatidia.
equatorial cone cell [FBbt_00004197]
Equatorial cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the polar cone-cell, abutting it.
equatorial cone cell pigment granule [FBbt_00005235]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some equatorial cone cell (FBbt:00004197).
extra l-LNv neuron [FBbt_00047183]
One neuron per cluster of four l-LNv neurons characterized by its more restricted projection pattern on the surface of the ipsi- and contralateral medulla.
eye [FBbt_00004508]
A bilaterally paired compound sense organ of the adult head that functions in visual perception.
eye dorsal compartment [FBbt_00111608]
Parts of the adult eye which develop from the dorsal compartment of the eye disc.
eye equator [FBbt_00004509]
Line on the dorsoventral midline of the adult eye that separates the dorsal and ventral ommatidia, forming a line of mirror image symmetry.
eye photoreceptor cell [FBbt_00006009]
Photoreceptor cell that forms the core of each ommatidium in the adult eye. Eight of these photoreceptors are arranged in each ommatidial core, bundled like the staves of a barrel. Each has a photosensitive rhabdomere that projects into the barrel cavity and adjacent supporting membrane, the stalk (Wolff and Ready, 1993). Each extends an axon into the optic lobe. Activation of the photoreceptor by light results in depolarization and in histamine release at the synapses of these axons (Sarthy, 1991).
eye photoreceptor cell stalk [FBbt_00005883]
Apically located membrane that supports the eye photoreceptor rhabdomere.
eye ventral compartment [FBbt_00111607]
Parts of the adult eye which develop from the ventral compartment of the eye disc.
eyelet [FBbt_00005739]
Cluster of four extra-retinal Rh6-expressing, green-light sensitive photoreceptor cells located between the eye and the optic lobe (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It is found beneath the basement membrane, at the posterior margin of the compound eye, near to the equator. There is one of these on each side (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It is derived from the Rh5-expressing cells of the larval Bolwig organ, which switch their rhodopsin expression during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It participates in entrainment of the molecular clock (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
FD1 [FBbt_00052268]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the lateral region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layers 1 and 2, with sparse terminals in layer 3, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). It also has a small branch extending to the lobula (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
FD3 [FBbt_00052269]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the medial region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
fenestrated glial cell [FBbt_00100519]
Surface glial cell of the adult optic lobe. The fenestrated glia form a layer overlying the pseudocartridge glial cell layer and contact the basement membrane (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010). These cells are specialized perineurial glial cells of the optic lobe (Kremer et al., 2017).
first optic chiasma [FBbt_00005810]
Chiasma lying between the lamina and medulla of the optic lobe (Ito et al., 2014). Axons reverse the anterior-posterior order between the lamina and the medulla, with axons from the anterior lamina cartridges projecting to the posterior medulla columns (Ito et al., 2014).
fru-F-000081 [VFB_00004528]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-000083 [VFB_00004556]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-F-000108 [VFB_00004749]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-000122 [VFB_00003747]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-100055 [VFB_00004549]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-100060 [VFB_00004599]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-100068 [VFB_00004776]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-100071 [VFB_00004807]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200027 [VFB_00009810]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200060 [VFB_00007843]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200076 [VFB_00006217]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200086 [VFB_00006254]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200136 [VFB_00004683]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-200141 [VFB_00004690]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200150 [VFB_00004823]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200160 [VFB_00003762]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-200172 [VFB_00003806]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-300007 [VFB_00011483]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-F-300008 [VFB_00011485]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-300028 [VFB_00009808]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-F-300040 [VFB_00009866]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-300050 [VFB_00007893]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-300074 [VFB_00006392]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-300079 [VFB_00006397]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-300091 [VFB_00004506]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-300122 [VFB_00003749]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-300123 [VFB_00003750]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400002 [VFB_00011459]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-F-400007 [VFB_00011464]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-400008 [VFB_00011465]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400021 [VFB_00011476]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-400022 [VFB_00011477]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-400058 [VFB_00009806]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400100 [VFB_00007866]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400145 [VFB_00006283]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-400156 [VFB_00006361]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400166 [VFB_00004519]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400169 [VFB_00004534]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400178 [VFB_00004477]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC14
fru-F-400186 [VFB_00004722]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400204 [VFB_00004759]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-400209 [VFB_00004786]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400211 [VFB_00004788]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400213 [VFB_00004790]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400217 [VFB_00004796]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-400218 [VFB_00004797]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-400233 [VFB_00003802]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-500009 [VFB_00009829]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-500039 [VFB_00009949]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-500048 [VFB_00009964]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500052 [VFB_00009969]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500059 [VFB_00009979]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500062 [VFB_00009982]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500088 [VFB_00010027]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500090 [VFB_00010029]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500119 [VFB_00007792]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500139 [VFB_00007823]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500140 [VFB_00007824]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500155 [VFB_00007335]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-500194 [VFB_00004512]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500196 [VFB_00004525]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-500203 [VFB_00004539]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500252 [VFB_00004781]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500258 [VFB_00004482]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-500265 [VFB_00003732]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-500279 [VFB_00003820]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-600012 [VFB_00009919]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-600020 [VFB_00009932]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-600034 [VFB_00009989]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-600044 [VFB_00007776]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-600087 [VFB_00006398]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-600111 [VFB_00004682]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-700009 [VFB_00011453]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-700036 [VFB_00009896]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-700037 [VFB_00009897]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-700075 [VFB_00007282]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-700085 [VFB_00007297]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-700086 [VFB_00007298]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-700089 [VFB_00007323]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-700108 [VFB_00007354]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-F-700113 [VFB_00007379]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-700117 [VFB_00006220]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-F-700169 [VFB_00004686]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-700170 [VFB_00004700]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-F-700178 [VFB_00004825]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-700179 [VFB_00004826]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-800010 [VFB_00009798]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-800015 [VFB_00009874]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-800033 [VFB_00007288]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-F-800041 [VFB_00007320]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-F-800046 [VFB_00006372]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-F-800057 [VFB_00004479]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-Lo [FBbt_00110475]
Adult fruitless neuron with its soma just posterior to the lobula plate (Yu et al., 2010). It has its dendrites in the lobula plate and axonal arborization in the lateral posterior brain (Yu et al., 2010). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Kimura et al., 2008).
fru-M-000010 [VFB_00001936]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-000068 [VFB_00001191]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-000073 [VFB_00000456]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-000075 [VFB_00000476]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-000085 [VFB_00000522]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-000148 [VFB_00000823]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-000160 [VFB_00000028]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-000170 [VFB_00000050]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-000192 [VFB_00000294]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-100079 [VFB_00001501]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-100110 [VFB_00001093]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-100130 [VFB_00001169]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-100151 [VFB_00000461]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-100152 [VFB_00000462]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-100180 [VFB_00000827]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-100185 [VFB_00000832]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-100187 [VFB_00000839]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-100215 [VFB_00000292]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-100220 [VFB_00000305]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-100222 [VFB_00000326]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-100229 [VFB_00000360]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-200053 [VFB_00001825]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-200111 [VFB_00001509]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-200113 [VFB_00001511]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-M-200122 [VFB_00001534]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-200127 [VFB_00001539]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-200144 [VFB_00001351]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
fru-M-200169 [VFB_00001107]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-M-200209 [VFB_00000439]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-200215 [VFB_00000499]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-200231 [VFB_00000728]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-200338 [VFB_00000376]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-300006 [VFB_00002347]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300070 [VFB_00001571]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300072 [VFB_00001573]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-300160 [VFB_00001254]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300169 [VFB_00001306]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300207 [VFB_00000639]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300233 [VFB_00000772]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300271 [VFB_00000193]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300281 [VFB_00000216]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-300282 [VFB_00000217]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-300296 [VFB_00000258]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-400026 [VFB_00001814]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-400037 [VFB_00001886]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-400040 [VFB_00001565]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-400050 [VFB_00001681]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-400064 [VFB_00001415]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-400075 [VFB_00001426]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-400105 [VFB_00001341]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-400163 [VFB_00000549]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-400189 [VFB_00000812]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-400202 [VFB_00000064]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-400204 [VFB_00000066]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-500006 [VFB_00001831]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-500008 [VFB_00001833]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-500009 [VFB_00001834]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-500048 [VFB_00001590]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-500124 [VFB_00001058]
adult VPNd3 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
fru-M-500194 [VFB_00000740]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-500204 [VFB_00000802]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-500208 [VFB_00000838]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-500232 [VFB_00000164]
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC14
fru-M-500241 [VFB_00000341]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-500246 [VFB_00000373]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-600002 [VFB_00002410]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-600079 [VFB_00000620]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-600109 [VFB_00000282]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-600110 [VFB_00000377]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-700000 [VFB_00002421]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-700020 [VFB_00001767]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-700048 [VFB_00001667]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-700054 [VFB_00001361]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-700059 [VFB_00001379]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-700069 [VFB_00001403]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-700102 [VFB_00000627]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-700128 [VFB_00000796]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-800007 [VFB_00002477]
adult fruitless Lo neuron; expression pattern fragment
fru-M-800031 [VFB_00001675]
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fru-M-800039 [VFB_00001710]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-800047 [VFB_00001177]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-800050 [VFB_00001225]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-900012 [VFB_00002387]
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
fru-M-900053 [VFB_00000107]
adult VPNp2 lineage neuron; expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
fruitless-expressing lobula columnar neuron LC10a [FBbt_00048234]
LC10a neuron that expresses fruitless. In the male, neurons of this class are thought to be involved in female tracking and the orientation of courtship behavior towards the female (Ribeiro et al., 2018).
Gad1-F-000016 [VFB_00010670]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
Gad1-F-000018 [VFB_00010672]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Gad1-F-000019 [VFB_00011218]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Gad1-F-000023 [VFB_00011287]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-000025 [VFB_00011292]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-000027 [VFB_00011294]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-000038 [VFB_00009511]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Gad1-F-000062 [VFB_00004008]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-000065 [VFB_00004031]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-000069 [VFB_00004065]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-000072 [VFB_00004068]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-000081 [VFB_00004081]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-100008 [VFB_00010721]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-100012 [VFB_00010673]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-100030 [VFB_00011303]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-100040 [VFB_00009582]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC13
Gad1-F-100046 [VFB_00009605]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-100055 [VFB_00009657]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Gad1-F-100058 [VFB_00009661]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-100060 [VFB_00009663]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-100080 [VFB_00004064]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-100084 [VFB_00004124]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Gad1-F-200031 [VFB_00010651]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-200032 [VFB_00006005]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-200035 [VFB_00010653]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Gad1-F-200067 [VFB_00011253]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Gad1-F-200090 [VFB_00011336]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Gad1-F-200091 [VFB_00011337]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-200112 [VFB_00009586]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-200116 [VFB_00009619]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-200121 [VFB_00009690]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300016 [VFB_00012631]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC14
Gad1-F-300022 [VFB_00010719]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Gad1-F-300033 [VFB_00010561]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300050 [VFB_00010699]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300054 [VFB_00011219]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Gad1-F-300055 [VFB_00011220]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-300062 [VFB_00011225]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300067 [VFB_00011237]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Gad1-F-300077 [VFB_00006148]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300095 [VFB_00011393]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300104 [VFB_00009537]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300109 [VFB_00009546]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300124 [VFB_00009623]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-300140 [VFB_00004019]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400003 [VFB_00010535]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400030 [VFB_00011258]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Gad1-F-400036 [VFB_00011365]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400044 [VFB_00006158]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400061 [VFB_00011407]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400065 [VFB_00009472]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400080 [VFB_00009559]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400099 [VFB_00009634]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400117 [VFB_00004052]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-400119 [VFB_00004054]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-500001 [VFB_00010712]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Gad1-F-500020 [VFB_00010504]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Gad1-F-500043 [VFB_00010660]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC14
Gad1-F-500048 [VFB_00011280]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-500053 [VFB_00006407]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Gad1-F-500060 [VFB_00011348]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-500070 [VFB_00011418]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-500071 [VFB_00009462]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-500074 [VFB_00009523]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-500081 [VFB_00009677]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-600000 [VFB_00010574]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-600014 [VFB_00010588]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-600028 [VFB_00010526]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-600034 [VFB_00011356]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-600051 [VFB_00009466]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-600054 [VFB_00009469]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-600057 [VFB_00009478]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-600061 [VFB_00009643]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-600074 [VFB_00009667]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Gad1-F-600093 [VFB_00003961]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-600100 [VFB_00003998]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-700000 [VFB_00010607]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
Gad1-F-700018 [VFB_00010640]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-700023 [VFB_00010645]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-700052 [VFB_00004085]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-800004 [VFB_00010602]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-800033 [VFB_00009169]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
Gad1-F-800039 [VFB_00009505]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-800054 [VFB_00009671]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Gad1-F-800057 [VFB_00009674]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-800061 [VFB_00009697]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-800063 [VFB_00009728]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-800081 [VFB_00004049]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
Gad1-F-800083 [VFB_00004076]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
Gad1-F-900009 [VFB_00010620]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC11
Gad1-F-900043 [VFB_00004005]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
Gad1-F-900055 [VFB_00004037]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
H1 [FBbt_00047991]
Bilateral neuron that innervates the lobula plates of both hemispheres with tangential arbors spanning almost the entire width of each (Wei et al., 2020). Its ipsilateral processes are postsynaptic and innervate layer 2 only (Wei et al., 2020; Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its contralateral branch follows the anterior optic tract to the contralateral lobula plate layers 1 and 2, where it has presynaptic terminals (Bausenwein et al., 1990; Wei et al., 2020; Shinomiya et al., 2022). There is one of these cells per hemisphere with its soma in the cleft between the central brain and the optic lobe (Wei et al., 2020). It is glutamatergic (Wei et al., 2020). It is activated by back-to-front motion during flight (Bausenwein et al., 1990).
H2 [FBbt_00052267]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates most of the ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2 and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP terminals are mixed pre- and post-synaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020; Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020). Its contralateral projection passes frontal to the noduli (Zhao et al., 2023). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023).
H2rn [FBbt_00053519]
Adult unilateral interneuron that arborizes in the inferior posterior slope, receiving input from contralateral H2 cells and forming feedback connections selectively with them (Erginkaya et al., 2025). It is GABAergic (Erginkaya et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Erginkaya et al., 2025).
HBeyelet [FBbt_00005740]
Cholinergic, rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell of the eyelet (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 1999). It expresses Rh6 and is green light-sensitive (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). It develops from an Rh5 photoreceptor of the larval Bolwig organ, which changes its Rhodopsin expression during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Its functions in the entrainment of the circadian clock (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2002). Its axon terminates in the accessory medulla (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). There are four of these cells per eyelet (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
HS [FBbt_00003917]
Giant neuron with wide-field dendritic arborization in lobula plate layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). This arborization is flattened in the anterior-posterior axis (Scott et al., 2002). Most of its input is from T4a and T5a neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its axon extends medially and ventrally to innervate the adult protocerebrum (Scott et al., 2002). It is involved in the optomotor response (Heisenberg et al., 1978; Schnell et al., 2010) and responds to horizontal motion with graded membrane potential changes in a directional-selective way (Schnell et al., 2010).
HSE [FBbt_00003919]
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the central lobula plate (Scott et al., 2002). It has both synaptic input and output in the axon terminal in the protocerebral region (Raghu et al., 2007). The area covered by its dendrite corresponds to the center of the large equatorial field of vision. It is electrically coupled to HSN and HSS (Schnell et al., 2010). There is one of these cells on each side (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
HSN [FBbt_00003918]
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the dorsal lobula plate (Scott et al., 2002). The area covered by its dendrite corresponds to the center of the large dorsal field of vision. It is electrically coupled to HSE and HSS (Schnell et al., 2010). There is one of these cells on each side (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
HSS [FBbt_00003920]
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the ventral lobula plate. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). There is one of these cells on each side (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
HST [FBbt_00053407]
Horizontal system neuron whose dendritic arbor extends over the central lobula plate (Zhao, 2025). It receives less lobula plate input and spans fewer columns (around 200) than other horizontal system neurons (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
IB006 [FBbt_20001183]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the IB006 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula, the contralateral inferior bridge, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB011 [FBbt_20001188]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the IB011 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the gall (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral lobula, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the contralateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB019 [FBbt_20001196]
Adult visual projection neuron of the IB019 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB029 [FBbt_20001206]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the IB029 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB030 [FBbt_20001207]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the IB030 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal-medial to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the contralateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB043 [FBbt_20001220]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the IB043 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal-medial to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the contralateral inferior bridge, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB085 [FBbt_20001262]
Adult visual projection neuron of the IB085 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB088 [FBbt_20001265]
Adult visual projection neuron of the IB088 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the contralateral inferior bridge, the contralateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 5 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB089 [FBbt_20001266]
Adult visual projection neuron of the IB089 group, with its soma in the brain, medial to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the contralateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB090 [FBbt_20001267]
Adult visual projection neuron of the IB090 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the mushroom body calyx (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the contralateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the contralateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral antler and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB091 [FBbt_20001268]
Adult visual projection neuron of the IB091 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, the contralateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
IB119 [FBbt_20001296]
Adult neuron belonging to group 119 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the inferior bridge (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, ventromedial neuropils, inferior neuropils, inferior bridge and superior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, ventromedial neuropils, inferior neuropils, inferior clamp, inferior bridge and superior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020).
inner medulla [FBbt_00003757]
Layers 8-10 of the medulla.
inner photoreceptor cell [FBbt_00006008]
Eye photoreceptor cell whose rhabdomere is located in the center of each ommatidium.
interommatidial bristle [FBbt_00004133]
Small mechanosensory hair found between ommatidia of the adult eye (Ready et al., 1976). There are around 600-650 of these per eye (Eichler et al., 2024) and they are usually found at the anterior ends of each of the two horizontal faces of each (hexagonal) ommatidium (Ready et al., 1976). Their placement is less regular towards the anterior region of the eye and they are not usually found around the edges of the eye (Ready et al., 1976).
interommatidial cell [FBbt_00007250]
Cell which is part of the boundary between ommatidia.
ITP and CRY expressing LNd neuron [FBbt_00047189]
LNd neuron of the adult brain characterized by the expression of ion transport peptide (ITP) and cryptochrome (CRY) (Schubert et al., 2018). From the cell body in the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (AVLP), the neuron projects medially around the anterior optic tract (AOT) and dorsally along the surface of the lateral horn (LH) (Schubert et al., 2018). At the posterior surface of the LH, the neuron branches (Schubert et al., 2018). One main branch projects towards the medulla, via the posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the accessory medulla (AME), with extensive further branching (Schubert et al., 2018). The other main branch innervates the superior neuropils (Schubert et al., 2018). Projections from both hemispheres overlap in the superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) (Schubert et al., 2018). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Schubert et al., 2018).
l-CPDN3 [FBbt_00052758]
Large DN3 neuron that projects centrally, crossing the midline (Sun et al., 2022). It receives most of its input in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, as well as the accessory medulla and lobula layer 1 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the superior medial protocerebrum in both hemispheres, and the contralateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It also has pre-and post-synapses in the contralateral mushroom body calyx (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Reinhard et al., 2022). It is cholinergic (Reinhard et al., 2024).
l-LNv [FBbt_00003763]
Neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster of the adult brain, with a large cell body and generally located more dorsally than the s-LNv neurons (Helfrich-Forster, 1998). There are four of these cells per hemisphere, all of which express Pdf (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). These neurons send dendrites through the posterior optic commissure to the contralateral optic lobe, where a few short fibers terminate in the accessory medulla, but most arborize extensively in the medulla itself (Helfrich-Forster, 2005; Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). These arborizations in the medulla are associated with varicosities. These cells also project to the ipsilateral (adjacent) accessory medulla and its ventral extension, where they arborize extensively.
L1 [FBbt_00003719]
Lamina monopolar neuron that has short collaterals projecting radially from the main projection in the lamina and arborization in medulla layers M1 and M5 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). In the lamina, these short collaterals are strongly postsynaptic to the terminals of photoreceptors R1-6 (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). In the medulla, it makes strong reciprocal synaptic connections with lamina monopolar cell L5 and centrifugal neuron C2, as well as substantial output synapses to C3, Mi1 and Tm3 cells (Takemura et al., 2013). It is also electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Joesch et al., 2010). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Gao et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
L1#1 (FAFB:11472940) [VFB_001029e3]
L1#1, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; L1#1 (FAFB:11472940); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#2 (FAFB:10108985) [VFB_001029ad]
L1#2, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; L1#2 (FAFB:10108985); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#3 (FAFB:11472770) [VFB_001029e1]
L1#3, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; L1#3 (FAFB:11472770); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#4 (FAFB:11470178) [VFB_001029dv]
L1#4, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L1#4 (FAFB:11470178); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#5 (FAFB:11915725) [VFB_001029f8]
L1#5, FBbt:00003719 [L1#5 (FAFB:11915725); lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#6 (FAFB:10654562) [VFB_001029bi]
L1#6, FBbt:00003719 [lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L1#6 (FAFB:10654562); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L1#7 (FAFB:12019444) [VFB_001029gf]
L1#7, FBbt:00003719 [L1#7 (FAFB:12019444); lamina monopolar neuron L1; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L2 [FBbt_00003720]
A lamina monopolar neuron with short collaterals that project radially from the main projection in the lamina and that arborizes in medulla layer M2. In the lamina it receives strong input from photoreceptors R1-R6 (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It has both pre- and postsynaptic connections in medulla layer M2, with strong synaptic input coming from centrifugal neurons C2 and C3 (Takemura et al., 2013). It has a large number of presynaptic connections to lamina monopolar neuron L5, columnar neuron T1, and transmedullary neurons Tm1, Tm2 and Tm4 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a cholinergic neuron (Takemura et al., 2011) and is electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L1 (Joesch et al., 2010). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
L3 [FBbt_00003721]
Lamina monopolar neuron with short spines that project to one side of the main projection as it extends through the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It terminates with an arborization in medulla layer M3 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). In the lamina it is postsynaptic to the outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It also receives input from the inner photoreceptors, partly in the first optic chiasm and partly in the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). It forms presynaptic terminals in medulla layer M3 (Takemura et al., 2008), with strong outputs to Mi9 and Tm20 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a GABAergic neuron (Raghu et al., 2013). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
L3#1 (FAFB:11445251) [VFB_001029c1]
L3#1, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L3#1 (FAFB:11445251); JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#2 (FAFB:11448596) [VFB_001029cd]
L3#2, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L3#2 (FAFB:11448596); JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#3 (FAFB:11450469) [VFB_001029cm]
L3#3, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#3 (FAFB:11450469)]
L3#4 (FAFB:11453913) [VFB_001029d0]
L3#4, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; L3#4 (FAFB:11453913); JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#5 (FAFB:12018069) [VFB_001029gd]
L3#5, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#5 (FAFB:12018069)]
L3#6 (FAFB:10653985) [VFB_001029bh]
L3#6, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; L3#6 (FAFB:10653985); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
L3#7 (FAFB:11917227) [VFB_001029fb]
L3#7, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#7 (FAFB:11917227)]
L3#8 (FAFB:15970720) [VFB_001029hi]
L3#8, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#8 (FAFB:15970720)]
L3#9 (FAFB:17253295) [VFB_001029i0]
L3#9, FBbt:00003721 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; lamina monopolar neuron L3; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; L3#9 (FAFB:17253295)]
L4 [FBbt_00003722]
A lamina monopolar neuron that arborizes in the proximal lamina, forms a spreading arbor in medulla layer M2 and a small terminal arbor in M4-M5 that penetrates adjacent columns (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). In the medulla it forms presynaptic terminals in both M2 and M4-M5 with transmedullary neuron Tm2; three L4 neurons, one from the parent column and two from the posterior ones contact the same Tm2 neuron (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
L5 [FBbt_00003725]
A lamina monopolar neuron that hardly arborizes at all in the lamina, but forms a branched arborization in medulla layers M1 and M2 and a clump of terminals in M5. In the medulla, it forms strong reciprocal synaptic connections with monopolar lamina monopolar neuron L1 (Takemura et al., 2013). It also receives substantial input from L2 and C2 neurons and has many presynapses connecting to medullary intrinsic neurons Mi1 and Mi4, and to transmedullary neuron Tm3a (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a cholinergic neuron (Davis et al., 2020). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Lai [FBbt_00003746]
Intrinsic amacrine neuron of the lamina with arborizations spanning the proximal and distal lamina, whose cell body lies proximal to the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Meinertzhagen and Sorra, 2001). It has extensive arborizations and forms a substantial number of presynaptic terminals with columnar neuron T1 and epithelial glia (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It receives strong input from each of photoreceptors R1-R6, and from lamina wide-field cells (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Davis et al., 2020). There are approximately 210 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LAL118 [FBbt_20001414]
Adult neuron belonging to group 118 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the lateral accessory lobe (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the lateral accessory lobe, optic lobe, lobula, lateral complex, ventromedial neuropils, inferior neuropils, epaulette, vest, crepine and superior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the lateral accessory lobe, optic lobe, lobula, lateral complex, ventromedial neuropils, inferior neuropils, vest and crepine (Scheffer et al., 2020).
lamina [FBbt_00003708]
Lateral-most synaptic neuropil domain of the adult optic lobes, lying just beneath the compound eyes. It is composed of an array of repetitive cartridge-like units, each of which receives axons from specific sets of ommatidia in the compound eyes.
lamina dorsal rim area [FBbt_00045000]
Region of the dorsal lamina that receives input from the dorsal rim ommatidia.
lamina monopolar neuron [FBbt_00003718]
Monopolar, intrinsic unicolumnar neuron of the adult optic lobe that has its soma in the cell body rind of the lamina and connects the lamina to the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It has a single major projection that projects along one optic cartridge in the lamina, crosses the first optic chiasm and terminates in the same cartridge in the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
lamina plexus [FBbt_00001943]
Region of the lamina where the axons of photoreceptor cells R1-R6 form a dense layer of expanded growth cones nestled between two layers of glial cells (Garrity et al., 1999).
lamina wide-field neuron [FBbt_00059323]
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the visual system whose cell body is located in the medulla cortex and that has a main projection making wide-field arborizations in the lamina. It expresses the transcription factor Fer2 (Ozel et al., 2021) and is cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
larval light avoidance neuron [FBbt_00052271]
Larval neuron with its soma in the dorsolateral supraesophageal ganglion, dendrites in the superior protocerebrum, where it receives input from Pdf neurons, and a smaller contralateral branch (Gong et al., 2010). Its activity results in light avoidance behavior (Gong et al., 2010). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Gong et al., 2010). Only referred to as ‘NP394-Gal4 neuron’ in Gong et al. (2010). Synapsing with Pdf neurons shown by GRASP and functional experiments (Gong et al., 2010).
larval light avoidance neuron [FBbt_00052271]
Larval neuron with its soma in the dorsolateral supraesophageal ganglion, dendrites in the superior protocerebrum, where it receives input from Pdf neurons, and a smaller contralateral branch (Gong et al., 2010). Its activity results in light avoidance behavior (Gong et al., 2010). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Gong et al., 2010).
larval mandibular VUM neuron 2 [FBbt_00047760]
Larval VUM neuron of the mandibular cluster that innervates the subesophageal ganglion and the basomedial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral protocerebrum. It also innervates the larval optic neuropil (Selcho et al., 2014).
larval maxillary VUM neuron 2 [FBbt_00047761]
Larval VUM neuron of the maxillary cluster that innervates the subesophageal ganglion and the basomedial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral protocerebrum. It also innervates the larval optic neuropil (Selcho et al., 2014).
larval non-clock lateral neuron [FBbt_00047741]
Larval visual projection neuron that develops from the same neuroblast lineage as the larval Pdf-negative s-LNv, but does not express period. There are two of these cells per hemisphere with their cell bodies in a lateral part of the brain next to the optic lobe. They receive synaptic input in the larval optic neuropil, have outputs in the lateral inferior protocerebrum (clamp) and are cholinergic.
larval non-clock lateral neuron 1 [FBbt_00047742]
Larval non-clock lateral neuron that has a slightly larger and more dorsal cell body. It receives synaptic input in the larval optic neuropil and has outputs in the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx.
larval non-clock lateral neuron 2 [FBbt_00047743]
Larval non-clock lateral neuron that has a slightly smaller and more ventral cell body. It receives synaptic input in the larval optic neuropil and has outputs in the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx.
larval Pdf negative s-LNv neuron [FBbt_00100178]
Larval s-LNv neuron that does not express Pdf (FBgn0023178). It innervates the larval optic neuropil significantly and projects to a broader domain than the four Pdf positive s-LNv neurons (Keene et al., 2011), including the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx (Larderet et al., 2017). There is only one of these cells per hemisphere and it is cholinergic (Larderet et al., 2017).
larval s-LNv neuron [FBbt_00100177]
Larval neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster, with a small cell body. These neurons innervate the larval optic neuropil (Larderet et al., 2017) and are thought to develop into the adult s-LNv neurons (Kaneko et al., 1997). There are 5 cells present in each cluster, all except one of which express Pdf (FBgn0023178).
larval s-LNv Pdf neuron [FBbt_00100167]
Larval s-LNv neuron that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178) from 4-5 hours after hatching and persists into adulthood (Helfrich-Forster, 1997). Its cell body is located close to the larval optic neuropil, into which dendritic fibers extend, spanning the distal and intermediate regions (Larderet et al., 2017). It projects to the superior lateral protocerebrum, where it has presynaptic terminals (Larderet et al., 2017). There are four of these cells per hemisphere.
larval third-order visual interneuron [FBbt_00047744]
Interneuron that makes synaptic connections within the larval optic neuropil, but does not receive direct input from photoreceptor cells.
larval visual projection interneuron [FBbt_00047734]
Larval neuron that relays signals from the optic neuropil to higher brain areas. Many of these receive input from Rh5 photoreceptor cells.
larval visual projection neuron PVL09 [FBbt_00047739]
Larval visual projection neuron with a cell body situated postero-ventro-laterally to the optic neuropil. It has an axon with a characteristic loop shape, extending first towards the ventromedial protocerebrum, then towards the lateral inferior protocerebrum (clamp) before curving down back to the ventral lateral protocerebrum, where it forms most of its synaptic output. Another branch follows the other visual projection neurons into the lateral horn.
larval visual projection-local interneuron [FBbt_00047745]
Larval third-order interneuron defined by prominent axonal projections beyond the optic neuropil, including in the lateral horn and mushroom body accessory calyx, and significant presynaptic termini within the proximal optic neuropil. It is glutamatergic.
Lat1 [FBbt_00053495]
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, around 10 columns of lobula layer 6, and the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately four of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lat2 [FBbt_00053496]
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla, around 10 columns of lobula layer 6, and the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately two of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lat3 [FBbt_00053498]
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in around 10 columns of medulla layer M6-M7, and in the lateral accessory lobe (Nern et al., 2025). There are around four of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lat4 [FBbt_00053499]
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in around 20 columns of medulla layer M6-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Lat5 [FBbt_00053497]
Lamina tangential neuron that receives input in around 50 columns of lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
lateral ocellar retinula cell [FBbt_00052809]
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some lateral ocellus (FBbt:00004506).
lateral ocellar retinula cell [FBbt_00052809]
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some lateral ocellus (FBbt:00004506).
lateral ocellus [FBbt_00004506]
Lateral ocellus located on the ocellar triangle of the dorsal postfrons of the adult head, medial to the interocellar bristles. There are two of these, each one with around 100 photoreceptors (Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
Lawf1 [FBbt_00003741]
A lamina wide-field neuron that has a main projection that ascends via the first optic chiasm into the lamina where it is restricted to a single column for most of its length before making wide-field arborizations in the distal lamina. These neurons also arborize on the distal surface of the medulla in a circular field of about 20 columns. Several linking fibers from this arborization descend into M4 where they form a wide arborization field covering about 30-40 columns (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). In the lamina, it forms numerous presynaptic connections to lamina monopolar neuron L3 and lamina intrinsic (amacrine) neuron (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011).
Lawf2 [FBbt_00110065]
A lamina wide-field neuron that has a main projection into the lamina making wide-field arborizations in the distal lamina, innervating 28 cartridges. These neurons also arborize in the medulla (Hasegawa et al., 2011). In the M1 layer, the branches are large and overlapping, encompassing around 120 cartridges. In medulla layers M8 to M10 the branches are smaller, encompassing around 17 cartridges and show less overlap. Putative cholinergic presynaptic sites are observed in the lamina.
LC [FBbt_00003870]
An extrinsic columnar neuron that innervates the lobula.
LC1 [FBbt_00003871]
Lobula columnar neuron that arborizes with fine and bleb-type terminals in lobula layers 5 and 6. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
LC10 [FBbt_00100482]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body region. Its axon crosses ipsilaterally along the anterior optic tract, projecting to the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU). There are 2 main subtypes, which differ in how they project in the AOTU. For each subtype the relative order of the terminals along the dorsal/ventral axis of the AOTU matches the order along the anterior/posterior axis in the lobula.
LC10a [FBbt_00111747]
Subtype of lobula columnar neuron LC10B. It has its main arbors in lobula layers 3, 4 and 5B, with some processes extending into layer 2 and some branches in layers 5 and 6. Presynaptic sites are observed in layer 3. It is a cholinergic neuron (Davis et al., 2020). It is involved in the detection of fly-sized objects and its sensitivity increases during male courtship or female aggression (Schretter et al., 2025).
LC10A [FBbt_00110933]
Lobula columnar neuron LC10 subtype that enters the medial zone of the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU). There are 2 subtypes, which differ in their arborization in the lobula.
LC10b [FBbt_00111745]
Subtype of lobula columnar neuron LC10A. It has its main arbors in lobula layers 4 to 6, with arbors denser in the latter, and many parallel processes exist between the two layers. Presynaptic sites are mainly observed in layer 6, with some in layers 4 and 5A. It is a cholinergic neuron (Davis et al., 2020).
LC10B [FBbt_00110934]
Lobula columnar neuron LC10 subtype whose axon fans out near the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU). It enters it in the medial region, along most of its dorsal/ventral axis.
LC10c [FBbt_00111746]
Subtype of lobula columnar neuron LC10A. It has its main arbors in lobula layer 5B, some branches in 6 and some processes reaching into 5A. It projects to the most lateral of the dorsal optic glomeruli of the PVLP, ventral to LC16. There are around 70 cells of this type.
LC10d [FBbt_00111748]
Subtype of lobula columnar neuron LC10B. It has its main arbors in lobula layers 4 to 6, with less dense arbors in 5B than in layers 4, 6 or 5A (in contrast to LC10a). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 4 and 6 (less numerous than LC10a in layer 3 and LC10b in layer 6). Its arbor is much smaller than LC10b. There are around 84 cells of this type.
LC11 [FBbt_00100483]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in layers 2, 3, 4 and 5B (Wu et al., 2016; Keles and Frye, 2017), with most synapses concentrated around the layer 2/3 boundary (Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its terminals in layer 5 are from recurrent branches and also contain presynaptic sites (Wu et al., 2016; Keles and Frye, 2017). It spans approximately 65-85 lobula columns in an ellipse and there is overlap between the columns innervated by each neuron (Wu et al., 2016; Keles and Frye, 2017). It projects to an elongated optic glomerulus in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, located in an intermediate position between the dorsal LC6 and the ventral LC4 glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). Its terminals are distributed throughout the LC11 glomerulus showing no retinotopic organization (Keles and Frye, 2017). It responds to small moving objects (Keles and Frye, 2017). There are around 50-70 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016; Keles and Frye, 2017).
LC11 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00051204]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 11 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Keles and Frye, 2017). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). LC11 neuron terminals are distributed throughout the glomerulus, rather than having a retinotopic organization (Keles and Frye, 2017; Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC12 [FBbt_00100484]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the anterior area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 2 and 4, with connecting processes and some branches in layer 3 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its arbors span approximately 15 optic columns, overlapping with other LC12 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to the second most lateral of the ventral optic glomerulus of the PVLP, medial to LC17 (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 208 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC13 [FBbt_00100485]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the ventral area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has a complex multilayer pattern, with arbors in lobula layers 2-6, with most synapses in layers 3, 5A and 5B (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 3 and 4 (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 40 optic columns, overlapping with other LC13 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a large, very posterior optic glomerulus of the PVLP, posterior to LC11 (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 108 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC13 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052659]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 13 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is a large glomerulus, found in the posterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC13 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052659]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 13 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is a large glomerulus, found in the posterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC14 [FBbt_00100486]
Lobula columnar neuron with its soma located dorsally in the cell body rind region between the optic lobe and the central brain (Hassan et al., 2000; Otsuna and Ito, 2006). It expresses the transcription factor ato (Hassan et al., 2000; Ozel et al., 2021). It projects from the ipsilateral lobula, along the great commissure and contacts the surface of the contralateral lobula, but does not penetrate into any of its layers (Otsuna and Ito, 2006). Ipsilaterally, all of these neurons form dense, dendrite-like branches that remain in the lobula, but different subtypes have axonal projections reaching only the contralateral lobula or extending to the medulla (Srahna et al., 2006; Langen et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2016). There are approximately 22-68 of these cells per hemisphere and the level of asymmetry between the populations of these neurons in each hemisphere can influence walking behavior (Linneweber et al., 2020).
LC15 [FBbt_00111750]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the ventral area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has a complex multilayer pattern in the lobula, with dense arbors in layers 2/3, 3/4, 5A/5B and 5B/6 (Wu et al., 2016), with 5A/5B having most synapses (Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 4 and 5 (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 25 optic columns, overlapping with other LC15 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to the most lateral of the dorsal group of optic glomeruli of the PVLP (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 70 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC15 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00049983]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 15 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC16 [FBbt_00111751]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the ventral area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 3-5B, with most synapses in layer 5B (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 4 and 5B (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 30 optic columns, overlapping with other LC16 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a dorsal optic glomerulus of the PVLP (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 96 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016). They are cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
LC16 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00049982]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 16 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It retains traces of dorsal-ventral LC16 axon terminal organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC17 [FBbt_00111752]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the anterior area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its denser dendritic arbors in the boundary between lobula layers 2/3, where most of its synapses are found, and some diffuse branches near 3/4 and 5B (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its arbors span approximately 30 optic columns, overlapping with other LC17 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to the most lateral of the ventral optic glomeruli of the PVLP (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 181 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC17 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052660]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 17 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the lateral, ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC17 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052660]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 17 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the lateral, ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC18 [FBbt_00111753]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies along the dorsal posterior surface of the lobula, in the lobula rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main arbors in lobula layers 2 (proximal region, near the boundary with layer 3), and in the boundary of layers 3/4 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 3 and 4 (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 30 optic columns, overlapping with other LC18 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a ventral optic glomerulus of the PVLP, medial and slightly dorsal to LC12 (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 94 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC19 [FBbt_00111754]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind. It has its main arbors in lobula layers 5 and 6, spreading across the whole lobula. It projects to the contralateral hemisphere, terminating posterior to the antennal lobe.
LC2 [FBbt_00003872]
Lobula columnar neuron that arborizes in lobula layers 3-5. The distal part of this arborization is fine and bushy while the proximal part has thick projections with bleb-type terminals. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
LC20 [FBbt_00111755]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the anterior area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 5A-6 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 5A and 6 (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 40 optic columns, overlapping with other LC20 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a very small and posterior optic glomerulus of the PVLP, not closely associated with other glomeruli and variable in shape between individuals (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 29 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC20 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052662]
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 20 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). There is no retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023). Seems to be entirely within PLP based on hemibrain data.
LC20 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052662]
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 20 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). There is no retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC21 [FBbt_00111756]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies on the dorsal posterior surface of the lobula (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers boundaries 2/3, 3/4, 5A/5B and 5B/6, with most synapses around layers 2/3 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 3/4 and along the boundary of 5B (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 30 optic columns, overlapping with other LC21 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to an elongated glomerulus in an intermediate position between the dorsal and ventral groups of optic glomeruli of the PVLP (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 87 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC21 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00049985]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 21 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, in an intermediate position between the dorsal and ventral groups of glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC22 [FBbt_00111757]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 4, 5A and 6, with connecting processes likely to branch in 5B (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in layers 4 and 6 (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 50 optic columns, overlapping with other LC22 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a posterior and medial region of the PVLP, closely associated with LPLC4 terminals, with overlap between the target regions of these cell types (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 31 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC22 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052658]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 22 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It also houses the terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 4 neurons (Panser et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior to LPLC1 but anterior to LC13 and LC20 (Wu et al., 2016). LC22 and LPLC4 axon terminals retain a rough anterior-posterior topography (Dombrovski et al., 2023). Colocalization of LC22 and LPLC4 terminals also apparent in neuprint hemibrain v1.2.1 data - cp231016.
LC22 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052658]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 22 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It also houses the terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 4 neurons (Panser et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior to LPLC1 but anterior to LC13 and LC20 (Wu et al., 2016). LC22 and LPLC4 axon terminals retain a rough anterior-posterior topography (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC23 [FBbt_00111758]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind (Schumacher et al., 2019). It belongs to the VPNp1 lateral hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It has its main dendritic arbors in the ipsilateral lobula layers 2 and 4, covering only the anterior lobula (Schumacher et al., 2019; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It projects to the superior posterior slope of both hemispheres and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024).
LC24 [FBbt_00111759]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the ventral area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 5 and 6, with synapses concentrated in layer 5B (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Sparse presynaptic sites are observed throughout the lobula arbors (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 35 optic columns, overlapping slightly with other LC24 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a small and dorsal optic glomerulus of the PVLP, posterior to LC6 and LC16 glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 38 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC24 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052661]
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 24 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC24 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052661]
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 24 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not have a retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC25 [FBbt_00111760]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the ventral area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layer boundary 5A/5B (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its arbors span approximately 120 optic columns, overlapping with other LC25 cells (Wu et al., 2016). Its axon terminals are found in the PVLP, along the surface of, and possibly overlapping with, the LC15 optic glomerulus (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 45 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016). They do not have any kind of retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC26 [FBbt_00111761]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the ventral area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layer 5B, with minor processes in 5A and 6 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its arbors span approximately 60 optic columns, overlapping with other LC26 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a small glomerulus in the dorsal group of optic glomeruli of the PVLP Wu et al., 2016. There are around 37 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC26 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00049984]
Small optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 26 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). These terminals are found in the dorsal parts of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016).There is no retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC27 [FBbt_00051248]
Adult lobula columnar neuron that sends output to a glomerular region of the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Hulse et al., 2021).
LC27 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00051249]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 27 neurons (Hulse et al., 2021. It is found in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Hulse et al., 2021).
LC28 [FBbt_20011387]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC28 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 31 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC29 [FBbt_20011388]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC29 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNd1 hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 19 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC31a [FBbt_20011389]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC31a group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 16 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC31b [FBbt_20011390]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC31b group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC33 [FBbt_00051247]
Atypical adult lobula columnar neuron that sends output to the lateral accessory lobe (Hulse et al., 2021).
LC34 [FBbt_20011391]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC34 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC35a [FBbt_20011392]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC35a group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC35b [FBbt_20011393]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC35b group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC36 [FBbt_20011394]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC36 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 16 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC37 [FBbt_20011395]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC37 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 8 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC39a [FBbt_20011396]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC39a group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC39b [FBbt_20011397]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC39b group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC4 [FBbt_00003874]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body is in an extended region of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 2 and 4 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its arbors span approximately 40 optic columns, overlapping with other LC4 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to an optic glomerulus in the PVLP that is medial to the one from LC12 and ventral to LPLC2 and LPLC1 (Wu et al., 2016). There are an estimated 66 neurons of this type (Wu et al., 2016). It has been reported as being both glutamatergic (Raghu and Borst, 2011) and cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
LC4 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052655]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 4 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum ventral to the LPLC1 and LPLC2 glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). LC4 axon terminals retain anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC4 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052655]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 4 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral medial part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum ventral to the LPLC1 and LPLC2 glomeruli (Wu et al., 2016). LC4 axon terminals retain anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC40 [FBbt_20011398]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC40 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 15 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC41 [FBbt_20011399]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC41 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC43 [FBbt_20011400]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC43 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lateral horn, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lateral horn and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC44 [FBbt_20011401]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC44 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC46b [FBbt_20011402]
Adult lobula columnar neuron of the LC46b group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LC5 [FBbt_00003875]
Lobula columnar neuron that branches in lobula layer 5 with the branches forming fine terminal arbors in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6. It seems to be capable of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
LC6 [FBbt_00003876]
Extrinsic lobula columnar neuron whose cell body is in the dorsal lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has its main dendritic arbors in lobula layers 4 and 5B (Wu et al., 2016), with most synapses concentrated in layer 5B (Tanaka and Clark, 2022). There is also some evidence of presynaptic sites in layers 4 and 5B (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 30 optic columns, overlapping with other LC6 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It fasciculates in the anterior optic tract, fasciculating with LC9 (Otsuna and Ito, 2006), and innervates an optic glomerulus in the dorsolateral PVLP, ventral to the one from LC16 (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). There are around 60 of these cells per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Morimoto et al., 2020).
LC6 glomerulus interneuron 1 [FBbt_00049987]
LC6 glomerulus interneuron that has its cell body in the cell body rind of the anterior dorsal brain and bilaterally innervates the LC6 glomerulus (Morimoto et al., 2020). It is synapsed to and by LC6 cells in both hemispheres (Morimoto et al., 2020). There are approximately 4-6 cells of this type per hemisphere and they are glutamatergic (Morimoto et al., 2020). They respond to visual stimuli in a manner similar to the LC6 population (Morimoto et al., 2020).
LC6 glomerulus interneuron 2 [FBbt_00049988]
LC6 glomerulus interneuron that has its cell body in the cell body rind region between the optic lobe and the central brain (Morimoto et al., 2020). It has only ipsilateral processes (Morimoto et al., 2020). It receives input in from LC16 cells in the LC16 glomerulus, as well as LC6 cells, and sends output to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Morimoto et al., 2020). There are approximately 4-6 cells of this type per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Morimoto et al., 2020). They selectively respond to looming stimuli in a spatially-restricted visual field (Morimoto et al., 2020).
LC6 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00049981]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 6 neurons (Wu et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2020). It is found in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It displays very coarse retinotopic organization (Morimoto et al., 2020).
LC7 [FBbt_00003877]
Lobula columnar neuron that enters the lobula at its proximal surface. It has sparse, thin collaterals along its length up to layer 2 where it forms a broad arborization with blebs, and finer arborizations that extend into layer 3.
LC8 [FBbt_00003878]
An extrinsic columnar neuron that branches multiple times in layers 5 and 4 and forms a broad arborization in layer 3 with both bleb-type and fine terminals. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
LC9 [FBbt_00100480]
Lobula columnar neuron whose cell body is in the dorsal lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has processes spanning lobula layers 2-5B, with most synapses in layer 3 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). The arbors in layers 3 and 4 contain presynaptic sites (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 20 optic columns, overlapping with other LC9 cells (Wu et al., 2016). Its axon fasciculates in the anterior optic tract and terminates in a dorsal and anterior glomerulus of the PVLP, medial to LC6 (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 150 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016).
LC9 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052654]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 9 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal anterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum medial to the LC6 glomerulus (Wu et al., 2016). LC9 axon terminals retain rough anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LC9 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052654]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula columnar (LC) 9 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the dorsal anterior part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum medial to the LC6 glomerulus (Wu et al., 2016). LC9 axon terminals retain rough anterior-posterior topography in this glomerulus (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LCe01 [FBbt_20007553]
Adult visual projection neuron of the LCe01 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
LCe30 [FBbt_20007554]
Adult lobula columnar neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and has postsynapses in the lobula and mixed pre- and post-synapses the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 25-30 of these cells per hemisphere (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025).
lens [FBbt_00004199]
Lens of the adult eye. It is composed of the outer cornea and underlying pseudocone layer.
LHPV3c1 [FBbt_00048241]
Adult neuron that arborizes in multiple regions of the mushroom body and several other brain regions (Zheng et al., 2018). It receives input in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, antler, superior medial protocerebrum, superior intermediate protocerebrum and mushroom body pedunculus and it has mixed input and output in the mushroom body calyx and dorsal accessory calyx, lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Zheng et al., 2018). Based on its input regions, it is thought to convey multimodal sensory information (Zheng et al., 2018) and it receives some input from visual projection neurons (Li et al., 2020). It is presynaptic to a range of Kenyon cell (KC) subtypes, including alpha/beta posterior KCs (Zheng et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020). There is approximately one of these cells per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the PV3 primary neurite tract and it is cholinergic (Schlegel et al., 2021).
Li [FBbt_00003882]
Neuron that only innervates the lobula.
Li1 [FBbt_00003883]
Neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula. It displays both fine and bleb-like terminals in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Li11a [FBbt_20011403]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li11a group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li11b [FBbt_20011404]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li11b group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li12 [FBbt_20011405]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li12 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025). The pair of them form a jigsaw pattern, tiling the neuropil (Matsliah et al., 2024).
Li13 [FBbt_20011406]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li13 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 32 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li14 [FBbt_20007234]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the wedge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). Its inputs and outputs are restricted to the ipsilateral lobula, arborizing in multiple layers across around 10 columns (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 90-100 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li15 [FBbt_20007244]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li15 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2 and lobula layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2 and lobula layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 18 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li16 [FBbt_20011407]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li16 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025). The pair of them form a jigsaw pattern, tiling the neuropil (Matsliah et al., 2024).
Li17 [FBbt_20007255]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li17 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 10 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li18a [FBbt_20007252]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li18a group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 22 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li18b [FBbt_20011408]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li18b group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 16 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li19 [FBbt_20011409]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li19 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 20 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li2 [FBbt_00003884]
Lobula intrinsic neuron with wide-field tangential arborization along lobula layers 1 and 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Nern et al., 2025). Its cell body is found in the optic lobe and its primary neurite follows the surface of the lobula, entering close to its region of arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Nern et al., 2025).
Li20 [FBbt_20007230]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li20 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 21 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li21 [FBbt_20007263]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li21 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 96 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li22 [FBbt_20011410]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li22 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 102 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li23 [FBbt_20007238]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li23 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 54 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li25 [FBbt_20007245]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li25 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3 and lobula layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2 and lobula layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 52 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li26 [FBbt_20007246]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li26 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2 and lobula layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 18 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li27 [FBbt_20011411]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li27 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 52 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li29 [FBbt_20007250]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li29 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2 and lobula layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 4 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li3 [FBbt_00111515]
Neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula. It arborizes in the anterior lobula, with a small bush-like display in layers 5 and 6.
Li30 [FBbt_20011412]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li30 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li31 [FBbt_20011413]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li31 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li32 [FBbt_20011414]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li32 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li33 [FBbt_20011415]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li33 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li34 [FBbt_20007243]
Adult optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron of the Li34 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 113 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
Li35 [FBbt_20011416]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li35 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 12 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li36 [FBbt_20011417]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li36 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li37 [FBbt_20011418]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li37 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li38 [FBbt_20011419]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li38 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 1, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li39 [FBbt_20011420]
Adult lobula intrinsic neuron of the Li39 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral antennal lobe, and the contralateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Li4 [FBbt_00111516]
Neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula. It arborizes over a large area of the lobula, mostly in layer 5 but with some branches in layer 4. It receives very strong synaptic input from Tm5a/b/c and Tm20 neurons (Lin et al., 2016). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Lin et al., 2016).
LLPC [FBbt_00003881]
Lobula complex columnar neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the lobula plate (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has a dendritic branch with more proximal arbors in the lobula plate more distal arbors in the lobula (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has an axonal branch that projects along a path posterior to the lobula plate to the central brain (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022).
LLPC1 [FBbt_00058227]
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron that receives input from around 5-10 columns of lobula layer 4 and around 10 columns of lobula plate layer 1, with additional postsynapses in lobula plate layers 2-3 (Isaacson, 2019; Davis et al., 2020; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is highly sensitive to front-to-back motion on the ipsilateral eye (Isaacson, 2019). It is cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020). There are around 100-120 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LLPC2 [FBbt_00052853]
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 3, spanning around 10-15 columns (Shinomiya et al., 2022; Nern et al., 2025). Its lobula postsynapses are mainly found in around 5-10 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 100-120 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LLPC3 [FBbt_00052854]
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 4, spanning around 10-15 columns (Shinomiya et al., 2022; Nern et al., 2025). Its lobula postsynapses are mainly found in around 5-10 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 100-120 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LLPC4 [FBbt_00053500]
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron that has a small dendritic branch in a few columns of lobula plate layer 4 and a larger region of arborization in around 15 columns of the lobula, mainly receiving input in layer 5 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around three of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LN Pdf neuron [FBbt_00003762]
Lateral period-expressing neuron (LN) of the adult brain that also expresses Pigment-dispersing factor (Helfrich-Forster, 1997). These neurons also express cryptochrome and Rhodopsin 7, which allow them to respond to high frequency (blue) visible light (Ni et al., 2017).
LO-PN1 [FBbt_00049449]
Adult lateral horn input neuron that has its dendrites predominantly within the lobula (Dolan et al., 2019). It is part of the VLPp&l1 (DPLpv) ventral hemilineage (Bates et al., 2020). There are seven of these neurons per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Dolan et al., 2019).
LO-PN2 [FBbt_00049450]
Adult lateral horn input neuron that has its dendrites predominantly within the lobula (Dolan et al., 2019). It is part of the VLPp&l1 (DPLpv) ventral hemilineage (Bates et al., 2020). There are three of these neurons per hemisphere and they are cholinergic (Dolan et al., 2019).
lobula [FBbt_00003852]
Anterior domain of the adult lobula complex. It can be divided into six layers and houses many columnar neurons.
lobula columnar neuron ChaLcnnew1 [FBbt_00110086]
Lobula columnar neuron that arborizes in lobula layers 3, 4, 5 and 6 and extends its processes to the central brain. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
lobula columnar neuron vGlutLcnnew2 [FBbt_00110100]
An extrinsic columnar neuron that arborizes in lobula layers 3, 4 and 5 and extends its processes to the central brain. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
lobula complex [FBbt_00045004]
A synaptic neuropil block in the adult brain consisting of the two medial-most synaptic neuropil domains of the optic lobe: the lobula and the lobula plate.
lobula complex columnar neuron [FBbt_00003879]
Columnar visual projection neuron that receives input in both the lobula and the lobula plate.
lobula intrinsic neuron ChaLinew1 [FBbt_00110087]
Lobula intrinsic neuron that arborizes in lobula layers 2, 3, 4 and 5 and extends its processes to the central brain. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
lobula layer [FBbt_00048344]
Any synaptic neuropil layer (FBbt:00040008) that is part of some lobula (FBbt:00003852).
lobula layer 1 [FBbt_00003853]
Layer of the lobula that abuts the second optic chiasm. It is defined by the bushy arborizations of the T5 neurons, and by the terminal arborizations of transmedullary neuron Tm1 and Tm9.
lobula layer 2 [FBbt_00003854]
Layer of the lobula that is second-most from the second optic chiasm. It is defined by the arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT5.
lobula layer 3 [FBbt_00003855]
Layer of the lobula that is third-most from the second optic chiasm. It contains the arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT6.
lobula layer 4 [FBbt_00003856]
Layer of the lobula that is fourth-most from the second optic chiasm. It contains the terminals of the translobula plate Tlp 2, 3, 4 and 5 neurons.
lobula layer 5 [FBbt_00040016]
Layer of the lobula that is fifth-most from the second optic-chiasm. It extends from the terminal arborizations of translobula plate neuron Tlp1 at the border of the fourth layer, to the extensive arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT7, which defines layer 6.
lobula layer 5A [FBbt_00111743]
Sublayer of the lobula layer 5 that is most proximal to layer 4.
lobula layer 5B [FBbt_00111744]
Sublayer of the lobula layer 5 that is most proximal to layer 6.
lobula layer 6 [FBbt_00040017]
Layer of the lobula that is the most distant from the second optic chiasm. It contains the extensive arborizations of lobula tangential neuron LT7.
lobula plate [FBbt_00003885]
Posterior domain of the adult lobula complex. It is divided into 4 layers and houses many large tangential neurons.
lobula plate calyx group tangential neuron [FBbt_00053411]
Tangential neuron of the lobula plate with a contralaterally-projecting axon that passes near to the mushroom body calyces (Zhao et al., 2023). There are four of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023). They are all visual projection neurons (Nern et al., 2025).
lobula plate columnar neuron LPC2 [FBbt_00052852]
Lobula plate columnar neuron that has its main dendritic arborization in lobula plate layer 3 and receives input from T4c and T5c neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate element lpi [FBbt_00007583]
A lobula plate amacrine neuron that has a wide, bushy arborization with both bleb-type and fine terminals in lobula plate layers 3 and 4.
lobula plate intrinsic neuron ChaLPinew1 [FBbt_00110089]
A lobula plate intrinsic neuron that arborizes in lobula plate layers 1 and 2. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
lobula plate intrinsic neuron LPi1-2 [FBbt_00052850]
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals throughout, but restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 1 and sending output to layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4a and T5a cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has its soma in the lobula plate cell body rind (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate intrinsic neuron LPi2-1 [FBbt_00052851]
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals mainly restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 2 and sending output to layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4b and T5b cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate intrinsic neuron LPi2b [FBbt_00052857]
Large lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans the entirety of layer 2, with little arborization in other layers (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate intrinsic neuron LPi34-12 [FBbt_00052858]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that receives input in layers 3 and 4 and sends output to layers 1 and 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate layer [FBbt_00048345]
Any synaptic neuropil layer (FBbt:00040008) that is part of some lobula plate (FBbt:00003885).
lobula plate layer 1 [FBbt_00003886]
Layer of the lobula plate that abuts the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The dendritic arbors of the horizontal system neurons are found exclusively in this layer, alongside terminals of the T4a and T5a neurons (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to diagonal front-to-back motion, i.e. front top to back bottom or front bottom to back top (Henning et al., 2022).
lobula plate layer 2 [FBbt_00003887]
Layer of the lobula plate that is second-closest to the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Terminals of T4b and T5b are found in this layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to diagonal back-to-front motion, i.e. back top to front bottom or back bottom to front top (Henning et al., 2022).
lobula plate layer 3 [FBbt_00003888]
Layer of the lobula plate that is third-closest to the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). The T4c and T5c neurons arborize in this layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to upward motion (Henning et al., 2022).
lobula plate layer 4 [FBbt_00003889]
Layer of the lobula plate that is the most distant from the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Terminals of T4d and T5d, and most of the vertical system neurons are found in this layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Rajashekhar and Shamprasad, 2004). Neurons in this layer are sensitive to downward motion (Henning et al., 2022).
lobula plate noduli group tangential neuron [FBbt_00053410]
Tangential neuron of the lobula plate with a contralaterally-projecting axon that passes through a tract frontal to the noduli (Zhao et al., 2023). There are seven of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023). They are all visual projection neurons (Nern et al., 2025).
lobula plate tangential neuron FD1 [FBbt_00052268]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the lateral region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layers 1 and 2, with sparse terminals in layer 3, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). It also has a small branch extending to the lobula (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
lobula plate tangential neuron FD3 [FBbt_00052269]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the medial region of ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2, as well as the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP and PLP terminals are postsynaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
lobula plate tangential neuron H2 [FBbt_00052267]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates most of the ipsilateral lobula plate (LOP) layer 2 and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its LOP terminals are mixed pre- and post-synaptic and its IPS terminals are presynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the lateral central brain (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020).
lobula plate tangential neuron Hx [FBbt_00111290]
A lobula plate tangential neuron whose cell body is found in the cell body rind of lateral neuropils. It arborizes in lobula plate layer 2 and projects contralaterally into the ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior wedge. This neuron responds to front-to-back and back-to-front motion.
lobula plate tangential neuron LPT/LPi2a [FBbt_00052856]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has postsynapses and presynapses mainly in lobula plate layer 2, with some sparser processes in layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It receives strong input from T4b and T5b neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate tangential neuron LPT/LPi2a [FBbt_00052856]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has postsynapses and presynapses mainly in lobula plate layer 2, with some sparser processes in layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It receives strong input from T4b and T5b neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate tangential neuron Lpt13a [FBbt_00052855]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has presynapses in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its axon projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula plate-lobula columnar neuron LPLC3 [FBbt_00111764]
Lobula plate-lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind. Its processes extend the throughout the ventral half of the lobula and lobula plate. It projects to a small, posterior and ventral optic glomerulus of the PVLP, dorsal to LPC1 (Panser et al., 2016).
lobula tangential neuron vGATLtnew1 [FBbt_00110982]
Lobula tangential neuron that arborizes in layers 2 to 4 of the lobula. It is a GABAergic neuron.
lobula tangential neuron vGATLtnew2 [FBbt_00110983]
Lobula tangential neuron that branches in layer 1 of the lobula. It is a GABAergic neuron.
lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron LLPC2 [FBbt_00052853]
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron LLPC3 [FBbt_00052854]
Lobula-lobula plate columnar neuron with its lobula plate arborization mainly in layer 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
LOLP1 [FBbt_20007237]
Adult lobula-lobula plate neuron of the LOLP1 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 2, lobula plate layer 3, lobula plate layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 2, lobula plate layer 3, lobula plate layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 34 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC13 [FBbt_20007284]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC13 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the 03B hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, wedge, inferior posterior slope and lobula layer 5A, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC14 [FBbt_20011421]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC14 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, vest, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, wedge, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, mushroom body gamma-lobe and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC17 [FBbt_20011422]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC17 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC18 [FBbt_20001530]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma lateral to the wedge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). The ipsilateral lobula is its main input and output region (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It also receives input in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, anterior and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, and inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It sends multiple branches into the proximal lobula, spanning over 100 columns in layers 5 and 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is dopamine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 1-2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC20 [FBbt_20011423]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC20 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the CREa1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, superior lateral protocerebrum, antennal lobe, pedunculus of mushroom body, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, wedge, superior posterior slope and flange, and the gnathal ganglion, inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral superior lateral protocerebrum, superior medial protocerebrum, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC21 [FBbt_20011424]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC21 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, antennal lobe, mushroom body gamma-lobe, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and wedge, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3 and mushroom body gamma-lobe (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC22 [FBbt_20000738]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma dorsal to the anterior optic tubercle (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It sends multiple branches into the contralateral proximal lobula, where it has mixed terminals in layers 5 and 6, spanning around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Two processes extend around to the distal lobula plate, then send multiple branches into this neuropil, where it has mixed synapses in layers 1 and 2 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it receives input in the superior posterior slope and inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is dopamine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC23 [FBbt_20011425]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC23 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral lobula layer 6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC24 [FBbt_20007278]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC24 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2 and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M10, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2 and lobula plate layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC25 [FBbt_20007275]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC25 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the 07B hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral optic lobe and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 6 and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 9 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC26 [FBbt_20007276]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC26 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM6 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC27 [FBbt_20007277]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC27 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM6 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, and the contralateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVC9 [FBbt_20007281]
Adult lobula visual centrifugal neuron of the LoVC9 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, crepine, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 6, vest, crepine, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP10 [FBbt_20011426]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP10 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 9 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP101 [FBbt_20007582]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP101 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral antennal mechanosensory and motor center, lobula layer 6, gorget, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior posterior slope and cantle, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP102 [FBbt_20007587]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma in the optic lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral, receiving input in the lobula and sending output to the anterior and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the lobula, it mainly arborizes in layer 5, spanning around 300 columns (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP103 [FBbt_20007575]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP103 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP106 [FBbt_20007569]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP106 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP107 [FBbt_20007577]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP107 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP108 [FBbt_20007282]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP108 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP109 [FBbt_20007573]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma ventral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It remains ipsilateral, receiving input in the lobula and sending output to the anterior and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP11 [FBbt_20011427]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP11 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 4 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP12 [FBbt_20007556]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP12 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 19 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP13 [FBbt_20007555]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP13 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 24 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP14 [FBbt_20011428]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP14 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the SLPav1 medial hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 9 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP24 [FBbt_20011429]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP24 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 4 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP26 [FBbt_20001934]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP26 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP29 [FBbt_20007588]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP29 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, gorget and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP3 [FBbt_20007560]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP3 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP30 [FBbt_20007568]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP30 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP31 [FBbt_20011430]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP31 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion and inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP32 [FBbt_20007562]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP32 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP33 [FBbt_20001859]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 anterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input in lobula layer 6, in around 20 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral in the central brain, sending output to the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP34 [FBbt_20007589]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP34 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP36 [FBbt_20007566]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP35 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP4 [FBbt_20011431]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP4 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP41 [FBbt_20007565]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP41 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP42 [FBbt_20007586]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP42 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP46 [FBbt_20007583]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma near to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has mainly postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, spanning around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). As well as the lobula, it has presynapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, remaining ipsilateral (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP47 [FBbt_20007578]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP47 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP48 [FBbt_20007592]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP48 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP49 [FBbt_20007576]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP49 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP5 [FBbt_20011432]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP5 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 12 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP52 [FBbt_20011433]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP52 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP53 [FBbt_20007574]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP53 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, accessory medulla, wedge, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge and lobula layer 5A, and the saddle (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP54 [FBbt_20007581]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP54 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lateral horn, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lateral horn, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP55 [FBbt_20011434]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP55 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPl&p2 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP56 [FBbt_20000986]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input in layers 5B and 6 of the ipsilateral lobula, in around 50 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the inferior clamp, remaining ipsilateral (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP57 [FBbt_20007567]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP57 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP58 [FBbt_20007596]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP58 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the SLPpl2 hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP59 [FBbt_20007585]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP59 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP6 [FBbt_20011435]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP6 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 11 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP62 [FBbt_20007594]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma posterior-medial to the lobula plate (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is mainly postsynaptic in around 50 columns of lobula layers 5B and 6 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and has its presynapses in the lobula, and superior and inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2-3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP68 [FBbt_20007597]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP68 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP69 [FBbt_20007571]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP69 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP7 [FBbt_20007557]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP7 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 12 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP71 [FBbt_20007563]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP71 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP72 [FBbt_20007591]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP72 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP73 [FBbt_20007584]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP73 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP75 [FBbt_20011436]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP75 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP76 [FBbt_20011437]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP76 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPl2 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP78 [FBbt_20007572]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP78 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPd&p1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior intermediate protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6, superior intermediate protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP8 [FBbt_20007570]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP8 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 9 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP81 [FBbt_20007207]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP81 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPd&p1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, superior medial protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and superior intermediate protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, superior intermediate protocerebrum and crepine (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP85 [FBbt_20007579]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP85 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, gorget, epaulette, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral gorget, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, gorget, epaulette, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, the contralateral gorget, epaulette, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP86 [FBbt_20007580]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP86 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP89 [FBbt_20007564]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP89 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP9 [FBbt_20007561]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP9 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP90a [FBbt_20011438]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP90a group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, antennal lobe, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP90b [FBbt_20011439]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP90b group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP90c [FBbt_20011440]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP90c group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, antennal lobe, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge and superior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion, inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP92 [FBbt_20011441]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP92 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, epaulette, vest, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral epaulette (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral epaulette, vest and inferior clamp, and the contralateral epaulette (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP93 [FBbt_20007558]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP93 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral epaulette, vest and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP96 [FBbt_20007285]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP96 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, accessory medulla and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LoVP99 [FBbt_20007590]
Adult lobula visual projection neuron of the LoVP99 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPC [FBbt_00111766]
Columnar visual projection neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the lobula plate (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It receives input in the lobula plate (but no other optic neuropil regions) and projects along a path posterior to the lobula plate to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
LPC1 [FBbt_00111767]
Lobula plate columnar neuron that has its main dendritic arborization in lobula plate layer 2 and receives input from T4b and T5b neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It projects to a small glomerulus in the posterior region of the optic glomeruli of the PVLP, posterior to LC4 and ventral to LPLC3. It is cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
LPC2 [FBbt_00052852]
Lobula plate columnar neuron that has its main dendritic arborization in lobula plate layer 3 and receives input from T4c and T5c neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Lpi [FBbt_00003910]
Any interneuron that innervates only the lobula plate (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
LPi1-2 [FBbt_00052850]
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals throughout, but restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 1 and sending output to layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4a and T5a cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has its soma in the lobula plate cell body rind (Shinomiya et al., 2022). There are two of these cells per optic lobe and they tile the lobula plate in a jigsaw-like pattern (Matsliah et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024).
LPi1-4 [FBbt_00053464]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that receives input mainly in layer 1 and sends output mainly to layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It has distinct input and output branches (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are 16 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi2-1 [FBbt_00052851]
Intrinsic neuron of the lobula plate that has its synaptic terminals mainly restricted to lobula plate layers 1 and 2, receiving input in layer 2 and sending output to layer 1 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). The majority of its input is from T4b and T5b cells (Shinomiya et al., 2022). There is one of these cells per optic lobe (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi2b [FBbt_00052857]
Large lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans the entirety of layer 2, with little arborization in other layers (Shinomiya et al., 2022; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi2c [FBbt_00053465]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans around 80 columns of layer 2, with little arborization in other layers (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 25 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi2d [FBbt_00053466]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans around 20 columns of layers 1 and 2, with mixed pre- and post-synapses (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 25-50 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi2e [FBbt_00053467]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that spans around 30 columns of layer 2, with some extensions into layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). It has a columnar morphology and pre- and post-synapses are mixed on the same processes (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 45 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi3-4 [FBbt_00111289]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the medulla (Mauss et al., 2015; Shinomiya et al., 2019). The primary neurite traverses the medulla, from distal to proximal and crosses the second optic chiasm, to terminate in the lobula plate (Mauss et al., 2015; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It has presynaptic terminals in layer 4 and postsynaptic ones in layer 3 (Mauss et al., 2015; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It receives most of its input from T4c and T5c neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Mauss et al., 2015). There are around 55-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi34-12 [FBbt_00052858]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that receives input in layers 3 and 4 and sends output to layers 1 and 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has its cell body next to the lobula plate (Nern et al., 2025). There are around 50 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi3a [FBbt_00053468]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron that has a columnar morphology and dendrites that span around 15 columns of layer 3, with some extensions into layer 2, and 10 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). Most of its presynapses are in layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 50-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi3b [FBbt_00053469]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron with dendrites that span around 40 columns of layer 3 and 20 columns of layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It has presynapses in both layers 3 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 22 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi3c [FBbt_00053470]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron with dendrites that span around 20 columns of layer 3, but also reach layers 2 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025). Its presynapses are mainly in layers 3 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 6 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi4-3 [FBbt_00111288]
A lobula plate intrinsic neuron whose cell body is on the ventral region of the cell body rind of the lobula plate (Mauss et al., 2015). The primary neurite is short, terminating in lobula plate layers 3 and 4 (Mauss et al., 2015). It has presynaptic terminals in layer 3 and postsynaptic ones in layer 4 (Mauss et al., 2015). It receives most of its input from T4d and T5d neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Mauss et al., 2015). There are around 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi4a [FBbt_00053471]
Lobula plate intrinsic neuron with dendrites that span around 20 columns of layer 4, but also reach around 10 columns of layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). Its presynapses are mainly in layer 1, with some also in layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 17 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPi4b [FBbt_00053472]
Large lobula plate intrinsic neuron with arborization throughout layer 4, with some extensions reaching layer 3 and layer 2 (Nern et al., 2025). It has both pre- and post-synapses in all of these layers (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
LPLC [FBbt_00003880]
Lobula complex columnar neuron with its soma in the lateral brain cell body rind (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has a dendritic branch with more proximal arbors in the lobula more distal arbors in the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has an axonal branch that projects to the central brain (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Strausfeld and Gilbert, 1992; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Shinomiya et al., 2022).
LPLC1 [FBbt_00111762]
Lobula plate-lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). Its processes extend the full depth of the lobula plate, being sparser in layer 1 (Wu et al., 2016). In the lobula, its main dendritic arbors are in layers 2-5B (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Presynaptic sites are observed in the boundary of lobula layers 3/4 (Wu et al., 2016). Its arbors span approximately 25 lobula optic columns, overlapping with other LPLC1 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to a posterior optic glomerulus of the PVLP, at the boundary with the PLP (Wu et al., 2016). There are around 62 cells of this type (Wu et al., 2016). They are cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
LPLC1 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052657]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 1 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It the most posterior glomerulus in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, close to the boundary with the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It retains rough anterior-posterior organization of LPLC1 axon terminals (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LPLC1 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052657]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 1 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It the most posterior glomerulus in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, close to the boundary with the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It retains rough anterior-posterior organization of LPLC1 axon terminals (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LPLC2 [FBbt_00111763]
Lobula plate-lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind (Wu et al., 2016). It has a distinct dendritic arbor in each lobula plate layer, extending outwards from the main fiber in the direction of motion detection for the layer (Klapoetke et al., 2017). This arrangement allows it to detect looming (expansion) stimuli (Klapoetke et al., 2017). In the lobula, it has its main dendritic arbors in layers 4 and 5B, with minor processes in layer 5A, and presynaptic sites in layer 4 (Wu et al., 2016; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its arbors span approximately 25 lobula optic columns, overlapping with other LPLC2 cells (Wu et al., 2016). It projects to an optic glomerulus of the PVLP, anterior to LPLC1 and dorsal to LC4 (Wu et al., 2016). Its activity elicits a jump escape response (Wu et al., 2016; Klapoetke et al., 2017). There are approximately 80 of these cells per optic lobe (Wu et al., 2016) and they are cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
LPLC2 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052656]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 2 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LPLC2 optic glomerulus [FBbt_00052656]
Optic glomerulus formed by the axon terminals of lobula plate-lobula columnar (LPLC) 2 neurons (Wu et al., 2016). It is found in the ventral part of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wu et al., 2016). It does not display retinotopic organization (Dombrovski et al., 2023).
LPLC4 [FBbt_00111765]
Lobula plate-lobula columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body rind (Panser et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016). It projects to the LC22 optic glomerulus, in the posterior and ventral region of the PVLP (Panser et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016).
Lpt1 [FBbt_00003908]
A lobula plate tangential neuron that projects along and arborizes in lobula plate layer 4. This arborization remains very close to the projection and includes both bleb-type and fine terminals.
LPT100 [FBbt_20007295]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its soma posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives its input in the ipsilateral lobula plate, mainly in layer 4, across around 20 columns (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 20 of these cells per optic lobe (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT101 [FBbt_20001707]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its soma medial to the lobula plate (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 lateral hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It remains ipsilateral and its main region of input and output is the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It also receives input from all layers of the lobula plate in up to 5 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5-6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT13a [FBbt_00052855]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has presynapses in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its axon projects to the central brain (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
LPT21 [FBbt_00053420]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT22 [FBbt_00053421]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also has a smaller number of mixed pre- and post-synapses in layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the lateral accessory lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT23 [FBbt_00053422]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also has a smaller presynapses in layer 2 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and arborizes in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are three of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT26 [FBbt_00053423]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 100-150 columns of the dorsoposterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT27 [FBbt_00053288]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the ventral part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT28 [FBbt_00053331]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 150 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 3, with some input also in layer 4 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the inferior and superior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT29 [FBbt_00053349]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 100 columns of the dorsal part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output mainly to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT30 [FBbt_00053350]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 100 columns of the ventral part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4, but also arborizing across all other layers (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also sends branches into lobula layers 4-5A, where it receives a small amount of input (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output mainly to the inferior posterior slope and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT49 [FBbt_00053353]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of a large region of the central part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4, but also receiving input in layer 3 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output mainly to the superior posterior slope and posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT50 [FBbt_00053354]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 200 columns of the dorsoposterior part of the visual field in ipsilateral lobula plate layer 3, but also a smaller region of the dorsal part of the visual field in lobula plate layer 2 (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula plate layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output mainly to the contralateral inferior and superior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT51 [FBbt_00053388]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 30 columns of a small central region of the visual field in all lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT52 [FBbt_00053389]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its dendrites spanning around 50 columns of the anterior part of the visual field in all lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral and sends output mainly to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LPT54 [FBbt_20001679]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron with its soma posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its main input region is the medulla, where it has a large tangential arbor, spanning over 100 columns across layer M8 (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). Its main output region is tha lobula plate, where it arborizes mainly in layer 1, across nearly 100 columns (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It also has presynapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, remaining ipsilateral (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT [FBbt_00003859]
Tangential neuron of the optic lobe that projects and arborizes along the plane of one or more layers of the lobula.
LT1 [FBbt_00003860]
Lobula tangential neuron that sends a thick projection into the proximal lobula that bifurcates, with the combined dendritic arbors of both branches spanning the entire tangential extent of lobula layer 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Tanaka and Clark, 2022). Its axon innervates the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Otsuna and Ito, 2006). There are approximately four of these cells per hemisphere (Tanaka and Clark, 2022).
LT10 [FBbt_00003869]
A lobula tangential neuron that branches in lobula layer 6 to form linking fibers that arborize in lobula layers 2 and 3. The combined arbor covers the length of these layers. There is only a single neuron of this class per optic lobe. Its cell body is located in the dorsal area of the lateral cell body region.
LT11 [FBbt_00100487]
A lobula tangential neuron whose cell body is located in the anterior dorsal area of the lateral cell body region. It forms varicosities in lobula layers 3, 4 and 5, and in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. It receives substantial synaptic input from Tm5a/b/c and Tm20 neurons, with a small number of synapses from each of a large number of Tm cells (Lin et al., 2016). There is only one neuron of this type per hemisphere.
LT12 [FBbt_00100488]
A lobula tangential neuron whose cell body is located in the anterior area of the lateral cell body region. The cell body fiber bifurcates at the neck of the lobula. The branch towards the lobula arborizes at the posterior edge of the lobula and enters the neuropil in lobula layer 4. The branch towards the central brain projects along the lobula/lobula-plate bundle and terminates in the medial ventrolateral protocerebrum. There is only one neuron of this type per hemisphere.
LT2 [FBbt_00003861]
Lobula tangential neuron that has a similar shape to LT8, but arborizes in a layer further from the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
LT3 [FBbt_00003862]
A lobula tangential neuron that extends along the length of lobula layer 2, forming bleb-type terminals from short collaterals within the layer.
LT31 [FBbt_00100489]
A lobula tangential neuron whose cell body is located in the central brain cortex, posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (plpr). The cell body fiber runs anteriorly through the plpr neuropil and bifurcates in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. The lateral branch makes a turn and runs ventroposterior towards the neck of the lobula. From there the neuron forms extensive tree-like branches in lobula layer 4. The medial branch makes a right-angle turn to run ventroposterior towards the posterior plpr. It forms terminals in the area that is close to the position of the cell body. There is only a single neuron in this class per hemisphere.
LT32 [FBbt_00100490]
A lobula tangential neuron whose cell body is located lateral to the esophageal foramen. The cell body fiber runs posteriorly along the esophagus and turns upwards near the posterior end of the brain where it forms a Y-shaped branch. One branch runs laterally to project to the lobula, and the other crosses the midline to innervate the contralateral lobula. Along the trajectory towards the lobula, the fiber forms another collateral branch which innervates the posterior lateral protocerebrum. The main branch reaches the lobula and forms extensive tree-like arborizations with varicosities in lobula layers 5 and 6. There is only one neuron of this type per brain hemisphere.
LT33 [FBbt_00049516]
A wide-field lobula tangential neuron with an arbor specific to and covering the entire Lo1 stratum, and some branches in the neuropil of the posterior lateral protocerebrum (PLP) (Shinomiya et al., 2019). There is one LT33 cell per hemisphere and its cell body is located in the central brain, near the midline (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is presynaptic to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
LT34 [FBbt_20011442]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT34 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, superior medial protocerebrum, anterior optic tubercle, mushroom body alpha’-lobe, lobula layer 6, gorget, epaulette, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, superior intermediate protocerebrum, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, superior intermediate protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT35 [FBbt_20007283]
Adult lobula tangential neuron with its soma medial to the mushroom body medial lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It receives input in the superior posterior slope in both hemispheres, and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, and sends output to the contralateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the lobula, it has terminals in around 100 columns of layers 3 and 4 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Nern et al., 2025).
LT36 [FBbt_20011443]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT36 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, superior medial protocerebrum, antennal lobe, lobula layer 6, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the gnathal ganglion, inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT37 [FBbt_20011444]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT37 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, superior medial protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, antler, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion and inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT39 [FBbt_20011445]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT39 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, gorget, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior intermediate protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, cantle, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT4 [FBbt_00003863]
A lobula tangential neuron that enters the lobula through its proximal side where it arborizes to cover much of layer 5 and 6 with distinctive bleb-type terminals from which short fine terminal branches project. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
LT40 [FBbt_20011446]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT40 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior intermediate protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the saddle (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT41 [FBbt_20011447]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT41 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 4, anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, wedge, superior intermediate protocerebrum, crepine, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT42 [FBbt_20011448]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT42 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, gorget, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior intermediate protocerebrum, crepine, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, cantle, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, the contralateral superior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion, inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 4, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT43 [FBbt_20011449]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT43 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPp&l1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT46 [FBbt_20007280]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT46 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral lateral horn, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT47 [FBbt_20011450]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT47 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, vest, wedge, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the saddle (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT5 [FBbt_00003864]
A lobula tangential neuron that projects along the distal surface of the lobula (closest to the second optic chiasm), and send branches into lobula layer 2, where they form bleb-type terminals.
LT51 [FBbt_00049861]
Lobula tangential neuron that receives visual input in the lobula and projects to the lateral accessory lobe (Li et al., 2020). There around are twelve of these cells per hemisphere, with their cell bodies on the anterior lateral side of the lobula (Li et al., 2020).
LT52 [FBbt_20011451]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT52 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the AOTUv2 hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 17 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT54 [FBbt_20004234]
Adult intrinsic lobula tangential neuron with its soma ventral-lateral to the anterior optic tubercle (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula and sends output to the contralateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). On both sides, its terminals are mainly found in lobula layer 6, spanning around 30 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT55 [FBbt_20011452]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT55 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral anterior optic tubercle and lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, and the contralateral anterior optic tubercle and lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT56 [FBbt_20011453]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT56 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, gorget, epaulette, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT58 [FBbt_20011454]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT58 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, accessory medulla, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT59 [FBbt_20011455]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT59 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT6 [FBbt_00003865]
A lobula tangential neuron with a thick projection that branches extensively immediately after entering the proximal side of the lobula. Each branch extends across the lobula, with some bifurcating, before all form terminal arbors that collectively cover the length of lobula layers 2 to 6. Terminals are of mixed morphology. It is a GABAergic neuron.
LT60 [FBbt_20011456]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT60 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5A, and the contralateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT61a [FBbt_20011457]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT61a group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPl2 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum, and the contralateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT61b [FBbt_20011458]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT61b group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPl2 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5A, and the contralateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT62 [FBbt_20011459]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT62 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VLPl2 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, gorget, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral gorget, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula, gorget, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, and the contralateral gorget, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT63 [FBbt_20011460]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT63 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT64 [FBbt_20011461]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT64 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT65 [FBbt_20011462]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT65 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT66 [FBbt_20011463]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT66 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the contralateral lobula, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, gorget, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the contralateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 1, gorget, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT67 [FBbt_20011464]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT67 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT68 [FBbt_20011465]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT68 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT69 [FBbt_20011466]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT69 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT7 [FBbt_00003866]
A lobula tangential neuron that branches extensively as it enters the lobula in layer 6, with each branch forming a fine, bushy arbor. Together, these arbors cover the whole width of layer 6.
LT70 [FBbt_20011467]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT70 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT72 [FBbt_20011468]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT72 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT73 [FBbt_20011469]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT73 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT74 [FBbt_20011470]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT74 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT75 [FBbt_20011471]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT75 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT76 [FBbt_20011472]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT76 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT77 [FBbt_20011473]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT77 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT78 [FBbt_20011474]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT78 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 4 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT79 [FBbt_20011475]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT79 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT8 [FBbt_00003867]
Lobula tangential neuron that has a similar shape to LT2, but arborizes in a layer closer to the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
LT80 [FBbt_20011476]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT80 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT81 [FBbt_20011477]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT81 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNp1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT82a [FBbt_20011478]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT82a group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, lobula, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT82b [FBbt_20011479]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT82b group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, epaulette, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, optic lobe, epaulette, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT83 [FBbt_20011480]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT83 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT84 [FBbt_20011481]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT84 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior intermediate protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, anterior optic tubercle, lobula layer 6, inferior clamp, superior intermediate protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT85 [FBbt_20011482]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT85 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 6, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT86 [FBbt_20011483]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT86 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, vest, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5B, and the inferior bridge and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT87 [FBbt_20011484]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT87 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT88 [FBbt_20007303]
Adult lobula tangential neuron of the LT88 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
LT9 [FBbt_00003868]
A lobula tangential neuron that arborizes throughout lobula layer 1. The dendrites of this neuron frequently form conspicuous loops extending into the second optic chiasm.
LTe32 [FBbt_20007593]
Adult visual projection neuron of the LTe32 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPa&l1 lateral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral anterior optic tubercle and the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
LTe38c [FBbt_20007598]
Adult visual projection neuron of the LTe38c group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
LTe49f [FBbt_20007599]
Adult visual projection neuron of the LTe49f group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the contralateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
MC [FBbt_00111640]
An extrinsic columnar neuron that innervates the medulla.
MC61 [FBbt_00111641]
Medulla columnar neuron that has its presynaptic sites mainly in the lateral zone of the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) (Otsuna and Ito, 2006; Timaeus et al., 2020; Hulse et al., 2021). Its cell body is located in the lateral part of the medulla cell body rind and it has its dendritic terminals mainly in medulla layer 6, spanning several columns (Otsuna et al., 2014; Timaeus et al., 2020). Cells of this type conform to a topographic organization, whereby anterior - posterior dendrite position in the medulla corresponds to ventral - dorsal arborization, respectively, in the AOTU (Timaeus et al., 2020; Tai et al., 2021).
MC62 [FBbt_00111768]
A medulla columnar neuron whose cell body is located in the ventromedial medulla cell body rind (Panser et al., 2016). It projects to a small glomerulus in the lateral region of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior to LC16 (Panser et al., 2016).
MC63 [FBbt_00111769]
A medulla columnar neuron whose cell body is located on the anterior surface of the medulla cell body rind (Vogt et al., 2016). Its dendritic arbors are mainly in medulla layer 8, spanning around 20 columns (Vogt et al., 2016). It projects to a small glomerulus in the lateral region of the optic glomeruli of the PVLP, posterior to LC16 (Panser et al., 2016). It also projects to the ventral accessory calyx (Vogt et al., 2016) via an optic lobe-calycal tract (Yagi et al., 2016).
MC64 [FBbt_00051218]
Medulla columnar neuron that projects into the central brain to terminate in the intermediate zone of the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) (Omoto et al., 2017; Hulse et al., 2021). Its dendritic arbors are found in medulla layer M6, in a different sublayer than the MC61 cells, and also in medulla layers M2 and M8 (Timaeus et al., 2020).
medial ocellar retinula cell [FBbt_00052810]
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some medial ocellus (FBbt:00004507).
medial ocellar retinula cell [FBbt_00052810]
Any ocellar retinula cell (FBbt:00004242) that overlaps some medial ocellus (FBbt:00004507).
medial ocellus [FBbt_00004507]
Medial ocellus located on the ocellar triangle of the dorsal postfrons of the adult head, just anterior to, and in between the two medial ocelli. It has around 75 photoreceptors (Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Each half is formed by one of the two (left and right) eye discs (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
medulla [FBbt_00003748]
The second optic neuropil, sandwiched between the lamina and the lobula complex. It is divided into 10 layers: 1-6 make up the outer (distal) medulla, the seventh (or serpentine) layer exhibits a distinct architecture and layers 8-10 make up the inner (proximal) medulla (Ito et al., 2014).
medulla columnar neuron VPN-MB2 [FBbt_00111770]
A medulla columnar neuron whose cell body is located on the lateral surface of the medulla cell body rind. Its dendritic arbors are mainly in medulla layer 7, spanning a large field (Vogt et al., 2016). Its outputs are in the lateral protocerebrum, including the ventral accessory calyx (Vogt et al., 2016), which it reaches via the optic lobe-calycal tract (Yagi et al., 2016).
medulla directional M6 local neuron [FBbt_00111066]
Local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the medial or dorsal regions of the lateral cell body rind. In contrast to non-directional M6 local neurons, dendrites and axon terminals are segregated. Putative dendrites are found in the anterior region of the M6 layer and axons at the posterior one. Individual neurons vary greatly on how many columns they cover, with a range between 65 and 157. This neuron type includes glutamatergic neurons, among other neurotransmitters.
medulla dorsal rim area [FBbt_00045002]
Region of the dorsal medulla that receives input from the lamina dorsal rim area.
medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron [FBbt_00052148]
Visual projection neuron that receives input in the medulla dorsal rim area and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
medulla intrinsic amacrine neuron vGlutMi Amnew1 [FBbt_00110093]
Medulla intrinsic neuron that forms arborizations in medulla layers M5 to M7 and whose cell body is in the posterior part of the medulla. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
medulla intrinsic neuron [FBbt_00053385]
Any neuron with its arborizations exclusively within the medulla (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
medulla intrinsic neuron ChaMinew1 [FBbt_00110083]
Medulla intrinsic neuron which projects along one medulla column without forming many lateral branches until it reaches layers M9 and M10, where it arborizes extensively. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
medulla intrinsic neuron ChaMinew2 [FBbt_00110084]
Medulla intrinsic neuron that forms extensive fine layered arborizations in medulla layers M3, M4, M5, M8 and M9. It is very similar to Mi10, except for its fine arborization pattern. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
medulla intrinsic neuron ChaMinew3 [FBbt_00110085]
Medulla intrinsic neuron that forms arborizations in medulla layers M3 to M7. It is very similar to Dm3, except that it shows blob-like protrusions in its terminals. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
medulla intrinsic neuron vGlutMinew1 [FBbt_00110094]
Medulla intrinsic neuron which projects along one medulla column without forming many lateral branches until it reaches layers M8 and M9, where it arborizes extensively. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
medulla intrinsic neuron vGlutMinew1a [FBbt_00110033]
Medulla intrinsic neuron which projects along one medulla column forming some small lateral branches in layers M1-M5, until it reaches layers M8 and M9, where it arborizes extensively. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
medulla intrinsic neuron vGlutMinew2 [FBbt_00110096]
Medulla intrinsic neuron which arborizes in medulla layer M1 and then projects along one medulla column without forming many lateral branches until it reaches layers M7 to M9, where it arborizes extensively. In M1, it contacts 14-15 columns in both the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes. In M7-M9 it innervates four to five columns in the dorsal-ventral axis (Jagadish et al., 2014). It is postsynaptic to the R7 and R8 photoreceptors (Jagadish et al., 2014). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
medulla layer [FBbt_00048343]
Any synaptic neuropil layer (FBbt:00040008) that is part of some medulla (FBbt:00003748).
medulla layer 6-contralateral ventral complex projection neuron [FBbt_00051484]
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the contralateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021). In the ventral complex, it innervates the medial superior and inferior regions (Tai et al., 2021).
medulla layer 6-ipsilateral superior and inferior ventral complex projection neuron [FBbt_00051487]
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ipsilateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021). In the ventral complex, it innervates the medial superior and inferior regions (Tai et al., 2021).
medulla layer 6-ipsilateral superior ventral complex projection neuron [FBbt_00051486]
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ipsilateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021). In the ventral complex, it innervates a medial superior region (Tai et al., 2021).
medulla layer 6-ipsilateral ventral complex projection neuron [FBbt_00051485]
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ipsilateral ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021).
medulla layer 6-ventral complex projection neuron [FBbt_00051483]
Visual projection neuron with small-field dendritic arborization in medulla layer 6 and axon terminals in the ventral complex (Tai et al., 2021).
medulla layer M1 [FBbt_00003750]
Distal-most layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L1 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
medulla layer M10 [FBbt_00003760]
Inner-most layer of the medulla. Practically it is defined by the height of the T4 neuron terminal arborizations.
medulla layer M2 [FBbt_00003751]
Second most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
medulla layer M3 [FBbt_00003752]
Third most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the proximal border of the lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization to that of the lamina neuron L3 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
medulla layer M4 [FBbt_00003753]
Fourth most lateral layer of the medulla. It corresponds to the narrow layer between the proximal end of lamina neuron L3 and the distal border of lamina neuron L1’s proximal arborization (Takemura et al., 2008).
medulla layer M5 [FBbt_00003754]
Fifth most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the lamina neuron L1’s proximal arborization and contains the proximal lamina neuron L5 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
medulla layer M6 [FBbt_00003755]
Sixth most lateral layer of the medulla, immediately lateral to the serpentine layer. It lies between the lamina neuron L1’s arborization and the serpentine layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
medulla layer M8 [FBbt_00003758]
Lateral-most layer of the inner medulla, immediately medial to the serpentine layer.
medulla layer M9 [FBbt_00003759]
Middle layer of the inner medulla.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron [FBbt_00111067]
Local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the ventral or dorsal regions of the lateral cell body rind. In contrast to directional M6 local neurons, dendrites and axon terminals are not segregated, and overlap. Thirteen subtypes are recognized, that differ in their location and column coverage.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 1 [FBbt_00111068]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the ventral region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the anterior dorsal region of the M6 layer, covering around 60 columns. This neuron is GABAergic.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 10 [FBbt_00111077]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the dorsoanterior region of the M6 layer, covering around 110 columns. It is a GABAergic neuron.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 11 [FBbt_00111078]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the most dorsal region of the M6 layer, covering around 51 columns. It is a GABAergic neuron.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 12 [FBbt_00111079]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the dorsoposterior region of the M6 layer, covering around 54 columns. It is a GABAergic neuron.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 13 [FBbt_00111080]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the posterior region of the M6 layer, extending anterioposteriorly, covering around 74 columns. It is a GABAergic neuron.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 2 [FBbt_00111069]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the ventral region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the posterior dorsal region of the M6 layer, covering around 80 columns. This neuron subtype includes GABAergic neurons, among other neurotransmitters.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 3 [FBbt_00111070]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the ventral region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the posterior dorsal region of the M6 layer, covering around 148 columns. This neuron subtype includes GABAergic neurons, among other neurotransmitters.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 4 [FBbt_00111071]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the ventral region of the M6 layer, covering around 157 columns.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 5 [FBbt_00111072]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the ventral region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the ventralmost region of the M6 layer, covering around 114 columns.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 6 [FBbt_00111073]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the ventral region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the dorsalmost region of the M6 layer, covering around 102 columns.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 7 [FBbt_00111074]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes across the whole of the M6 layer, covering around 387 columns.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 8 [FBbt_00111075]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the dorsoanterior region of the M6 layer, covering around 148 columns. It is a GABAergic neuron.
medulla non-directional M6 local neuron 9 [FBbt_00111076]
Non-directional local neuron that is restricted to layer 6 of the medulla. Its soma is in the dorsal region of the lateral cell body rind. This neuron arborizes in the dorsoanterior region of the M6 layer, covering around 40 columns. It is a GABAergic neuron.
medulla serpentine layer [FBbt_00003756]
A major layer of extensive tangential fibers in the medulla, many of which project via the posterior optic commissure to the opposite medulla. It is the 7th most lateral layer of the medulla.
medulla sublayer M3A [FBbt_00111267]
Distal sublayer of the medulla layer M3, proximal to layer M2. It is defined by the extent of the arborization of Dm3 neurons.
medulla sublayer M3B [FBbt_00111268]
Proximal sublayer of the medulla layer M3, proximal to layer M3A. It is defined by the extent of the arborization of Dm12 and Dm20 neurons.
medulla sublayer M6A [FBbt_00111269]
Distal sublayer of the medulla layer M6, proximal to layer M5. It is defined by the extent of the arborization of Dm8 neurons proximally.
medulla sublayer M6B [FBbt_00111270]
Proximal sublayer of the medulla layer M6, proximal to layer M6A and distal to the serpentine layer (M7). It is defined by the extent of the arborization of Dm2 neurons proximally.
medulla tangential visual projection neuron [FBbt_00052140]
Visual projection neuron that has tangential arborization in the medulla (Kind et al., 2021).
medulla tangential visual projection neuron 1 [FBbt_00052141]
Medulla tangential projection neuron that has processes in medulla layer M7 and branches reaching up to M5-M6 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several R7 photoreceptor cells (Kind et al., 2021). It projects an axon to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 1 [FBbt_00052138]
Visual projection neuron with its cell body near the anterior proximal medulla and an axonal projection following that of the medulla-lobula neuron 1 (Kind et al., 2021). It has wide-field dendritic arborization in the medulla, spanning tens of columns, ramifying at the border of layers M7/M8, then sending vertical projections to M3 and then to M1, and expanding laterally in each of these layers (Kind et al., 2021). Its main synaptic input from photoreceptors is from R8 cells of pale ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). It projects to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, innervating a region just behind the optic glomeruli (Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately 65 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021).
medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 2 [FBbt_00052139]
Visual projection neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the medulla and dendritic innervation of medulla layers M7/M8 (Kind et al., 2021).
MeLo10 [FBbt_20007249]
Adult medulla-lobula neuron of the MeLo10 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, lobula layer 3 and lobula layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 28 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo14 [FBbt_20007236]
Adult medulla-lobula neuron of the MeLo14 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9 and lobula layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 18 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo2 [FBbt_20007251]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma lateral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in medulla layers M1-4 in around 10-20 columns and has mixed terminals in a few columns of lobula layers 4 and 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 60 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo3a [FBbt_00053502]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the ventral side of the lobula (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layers M3-M4 in around 10-15 columns, with a smaller amount of input in M6-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layers 5B-6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 50 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo3b [FBbt_00053503]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, in medulla layers M3-M4 and M6-M7 in around 10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in around 10 columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 40 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo4 [FBbt_00053504]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the ventral side of the lobula (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layer M6 in around 15 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layers 5B-6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo5 [FBbt_00053505]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layers M6-M7 in around 10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 15-20 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo6 [FBbt_00053506]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layers M6-M7 in around 15 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 25 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo7 [FBbt_00053507]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma on the anterior side of the optic lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layer M8 in around 15-20 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also has pre- and post-synapses in the lobula, in a few columns of layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 45 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo8 [FBbt_20007239]
Adult medulla-lobula neuron of the MeLo8 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 22 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeLo9 [FBbt_20007233]
Adult unilateral optic-lobe-intrinsic neuron with its soma posterior to the wedge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It bifurcates near the soma, sending one branch to the medulla and one to the lobula, without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input, but also has presynapses, primarily in medulla layers M8-9 in around 30 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also receives input in the lobula, in around 10 columns of layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 40 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeMe_DRA#1 (FAFB:10439442) [VFB_001029ay]
MeMe_DRA#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeMe_DRA#1 (FAFB:10439442); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; adult medulla-medulla neuron of dorsal rim area]
MeMe_DRA#2 (FAFB:11993543) [VFB_001029ft]
MeMe_DRA#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeMe_DRA#2 (FAFB:11993543); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; adult medulla-medulla neuron of dorsal rim area]
MeMe-DRA [FBbt_00052147]
Large neuron with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla that connects the dorsal rim areas of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres (Kind et al., 2021). Its ipsilateral processes are largely dendritic and its contralateral processes are largely axonal (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from R7 photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area in layer M6 (Kind et al., 2021). It passes through the central brain without forming synapses there (Kind et al., 2021). There are two of these cells per hemisphere, one innervating the ipsilateral anterior medulla and contralateral posterior medulla and one innervating the ipsilateral posterior medulla and the contralateral anterior medulla (Kind et al., 2021).
MeTu [FBbt_00051228]
Neuron that connects the medulla to the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU), via the anterior optic tract, innervating the small unit of the AOTU (Timaeus et al., 2020; Hulse et al., 2021; Kandimalla et al., 2023). It is derived from an optic neuroblast (Kandimalla et al., 2023). There are around 500 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeTu_DRA#1 (FAFB:11995073) [VFB_001029g0]
MeTu_DRA#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu_DRA#1 (FAFB:11995073); adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#10 (FAFB:13136156) [VFB_001029gn]
MeTu_DRA#10 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#10 (FAFB:13136156); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#11 (FAFB:11995102) [VFB_001029g1]
MeTu_DRA#11 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu_DRA#11 (FAFB:11995102); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#12 (FAFB:15616477) [VFB_001029ha]
MeTu_DRA#12 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#12 (FAFB:15616477); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#13 (FAFB:15600898) [VFB_001029h9]
MeTu_DRA#13 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu_DRA#13 (FAFB:15600898); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#14 (FAFB:11993030) [VFB_001029fl]
MeTu_DRA#14 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#14 (FAFB:11993030); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#15 (FAFB:15698953) [VFB_001029hb]
MeTu_DRA#15 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#15 (FAFB:15698953); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#16 (FAFB:14888320) [VFB_001029h5]
MeTu_DRA#16 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#16 (FAFB:14888320); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#17 (FAFB:12127369) [VFB_001029gl]
MeTu_DRA#17 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#17 (FAFB:12127369); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#18 (FAFB:11993382) [VFB_001029fq]
MeTu_DRA#18 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#18 (FAFB:11993382); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#19 (FAFB:11992932) [VFB_001029fk]
MeTu_DRA#19 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#19 (FAFB:11992932)]
MeTu_DRA#2 (FAFB:11994448) [VFB_001029fx]
MeTu_DRA#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#2 (FAFB:11994448)]
MeTu_DRA#20 (FAFB:15949451) [VFB_001029hf]
MeTu_DRA#20 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#20 (FAFB:15949451)]
MeTu_DRA#21 (FAFB:14889231) [VFB_001029h6]
MeTu_DRA#21 [MeTu_DRA#21 (FAFB:14889231); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#22 (FAFB:11993352) [VFB_001029fp]
MeTu_DRA#22 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu_DRA#22 (FAFB:11993352); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#23 (FAFB:11993314) [VFB_001029fo]
MeTu_DRA#23 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#23 (FAFB:11993314)]
MeTu_DRA#24 (FAFB:11908743) [VFB_001029f7]
MeTu_DRA#24 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#24 (FAFB:11908743)]
MeTu_DRA#25 (FAFB:14864504) [VFB_001029h3]
MeTu_DRA#25 [MeTu_DRA#25 (FAFB:14864504); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#26 (FAFB:14936634) [VFB_001029h8]
MeTu_DRA#26 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#26 (FAFB:14936634)]
MeTu_DRA#27 (FAFB:11993064) [VFB_001029fm]
MeTu_DRA#27 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#27 (FAFB:11993064)]
MeTu_DRA#28 (FAFB:11908668) [VFB_001029f5]
MeTu_DRA#28 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#28 (FAFB:11908668); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#29 (FAFB:11903992) [VFB_001029f2]
MeTu_DRA#29 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#29 (FAFB:11903992); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#3 (FAFB:11908710) [VFB_001029f6]
MeTu_DRA#3 [MeTu_DRA#3 (FAFB:11908710); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#30 (FAFB:15749075) [VFB_001029hd]
MeTu_DRA#30 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#30 (FAFB:15749075)]
MeTu_DRA#31 (FAFB:10820916) [VFB_001029bu]
MeTu_DRA#31 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#31 (FAFB:10820916)]
MeTu_DRA#32 (FAFB:10755131) [VFB_001029bs]
MeTu_DRA#32 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#32 (FAFB:10755131); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#4 (FAFB:11695293) [VFB_001029er]
MeTu_DRA#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; MeTu_DRA#4 (FAFB:11695293); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#5 (FAFB:15749047) [VFB_001029hc]
MeTu_DRA#5 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#5 (FAFB:15749047); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#6 (FAFB:12106383) [VFB_001029gj]
MeTu_DRA#6 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#6 (FAFB:12106383); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#7 (FAFB:11994563) [VFB_001029fy]
MeTu_DRA#7 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_DRA#7 (FAFB:11994563); female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu_DRA#8 (FAFB:10438339) [VFB_001029ax]
MeTu_DRA#8 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#8 (FAFB:10438339)]
MeTu_DRA#9 (FAFB:15952007) [VFB_001029hg]
MeTu_DRA#9 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult medulla-tubercle neuron of dorsal rim area; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu_DRA#9 (FAFB:15952007)]
MeTu_unknown#1 (FAFB:17250636) [VFB_001029hz]
MeTu_unknown#1, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu_unknown#1 (FAFB:17250636); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu-DRA [FBbt_00052133]
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input from R7 (and not R8) photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area (DRA) in the proximal part of medulla layer M6 (Kind et al, 2021). Its arbors span several columns, and may include columns outside of the DRA, though its non-DRA arbors are just proximal to M6, avoiding photoreceptor terminals (Kind et al., 2021). It has presynaptic sites in the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle, in a region distinct from the terminals of non-DRA MeTu neurons (Kind et al, 2021).
MeTu#1 (FAFB:10409863) [VFB_001029aq]
MeTu#1, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; MeTu#1 (FAFB:10409863); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#10 (FAFB:16730682) [VFB_001029hp]
MeTu#10, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#10 (FAFB:16730682); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#11 (FAFB:11995358) [VFB_001029g5]
MeTu#11, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu#11 (FAFB:11995358); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#12 (FAFB:10806611) [VFB_001029bt]
MeTu#12, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#12 (FAFB:10806611); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#13 (FAFB:10473596) [VFB_001029b1]
MeTu#13, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#13 (FAFB:10473596); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#14 (FAFB:15978559) [VFB_001029hk]
MeTu#14, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; MeTu#14 (FAFB:15978559); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#15 (FAFB:14726392) [VFB_001029gz]
MeTu#15, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; MeTu#15 (FAFB:14726392); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#2 (FAFB:11455122) [VFB_001029d7]
MeTu#2, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu#2 (FAFB:11455122)]
MeTu#3 (FAFB:11455156) [VFB_001029d8]
MeTu#3, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#3 (FAFB:11455156); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#4 (FAFB:10409692) [VFB_001029ap]
MeTu#4, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu#4 (FAFB:10409692)]
MeTu#5 (FAFB:11448395) [VFB_001029cb]
MeTu#5, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; MeTu#5 (FAFB:11448395)]
MeTu#6 (FAFB:11455112) [VFB_001029d6]
MeTu#6, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#6 (FAFB:11455112); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#7 (FAFB:11499693) [VFB_001029eg]
MeTu#7, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#7 (FAFB:11499693); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#8 (FAFB:14838259) [VFB_001029h2]
MeTu#8, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; MeTu#8 (FAFB:14838259); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu#9 (FAFB:10656250) [VFB_001029bo]
MeTu#9, FBbt:00051228 [adult medulla-tubercle neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); MeTu#9 (FAFB:10656250); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
MeTu1 [FBbt_00053508]
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input in the posterior lateral part of the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle (Timaeus et al., 2020; Garner et al., 2024). It sends output to TuBu08 neurons (Garner et al., 2024).
MeTu3 [FBbt_00053509]
Adult medulla-tubercle (MeTu) neuron that receives input in the anterior part of the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle (Timaeus et al., 2020; Garner et al., 2024).
MeVC1 [FBbt_20007298]
Adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron of the MeVC1 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral antennal mechanosensory and motor center, wedge and inferior posterior slope, the contralateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M2, medulla layer M3, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, wedge, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M2, medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9 and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC11 [FBbt_20001880]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma medial to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). Its main arborization regions in the central brain are the inferior and superior posterior slopes of both hemispheres and the gnathal ganglion (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It projects to the contralateral medulla and sends output to around 200 columns of layers M4-5, M8 and M10, additionally having some postsynapses mainly in M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC21 [FBbt_20007301]
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron with its soma dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the central brain, it receives input in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it has postsynapses in lobula layer 6, across around 30 columns, and pre- and post-synapses in medulla layers M7-M8 across around 60 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Distinct branches innervate each optic neuropil region without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC22 [FBbt_20007680]
Adult unilateral visual centrifugal neuron with its soma anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the central brain, it receives input in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it has postsynapses in lobula layer 6, across around 30 columns, and pre- and post-synapses in medulla layer M6 across around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Distinct branches innervate each optic neuropil region without passing through the optic chiasm (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC23 [FBbt_20007300]
Adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron of the MeVC23 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M2, medulla layer M3, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, accessory medulla, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M2, medulla layer M3, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, accessory medulla, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC25 [FBbt_20007305]
Adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron of the MeVC25 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, gorget, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, inferior posterior slope, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC27 [FBbt_20007296]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma near to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SMPp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). The majority of its input and output synapses are in the contralateral medulla layer M7, spanning around 50 columns, with a small amount of additional input in the central brain (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC7a [FBbt_20007293]
Adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron of the MeVC7a group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral medulla layer M6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC7b [FBbt_20007294]
Adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron of the MeVC7b group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral medulla serpentine layer, wedge, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVC8 [FBbt_20007292]
Adult medulla visual centrifugal neuron of the MeVC8 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP1 [FBbt_20011485]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP1 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 59 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP10 [FBbt_20007612]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma ventral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input mainly in medulla layer M6, but also in M7-M8, in around 10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, where it has pre- and post-synapses (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP11 [FBbt_20007659]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma ventral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input mainly in medulla layers M3 and M7, in around 10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP14 [FBbt_20007614]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it is mainly postsynaptic in medulla layers M6-M7, in around 10 columns, and it has pre- and post-synapses in lobula layer 6, also in around 10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral, and has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 15 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP15 [FBbt_20007615]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it is mainly postsynaptic in medulla layers M6-M7, in around 15 columns (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it remains ipsilateral, and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and mushroom body calyx (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 10 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP16 [FBbt_20007618]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP16 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, posterior lateral protocerebrum and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 4 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP17 [FBbt_20007617]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP17 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 7 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP18 [FBbt_20007622]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP18 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and wedge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and wedge (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP2 [FBbt_20007611]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP2 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 36 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP21 [FBbt_20007621]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in around 80 columns of the ipsilateral medulla layers M6-M7 (Nern et al., 2025). It has presynapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP22 [FBbt_20007623]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP22 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP23 [FBbt_20007627]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input in medulla layer M8 from around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 1-2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP24 [FBbt_20007653]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP24 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M8, superior medial protocerebrum, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, wedge and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP25 [FBbt_20007647]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP25 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, lateral horn, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP26 [FBbt_20007651]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma anterior-medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input mainly in medulla layer M8, but also in M3-M4 from around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, wedge superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP27 [FBbt_20007658]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP27 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP28 [FBbt_20007636]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma near to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is mainly postsynaptic in around 100 columns of medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends most of its output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and the wedge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP29 [FBbt_20007637]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP29 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP3 [FBbt_20005420]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma ventral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input in around 50 columns of medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Though it has a projection to the ipsilateral central brain, most of its output is also in medulla layer M8 (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP30 [FBbt_20007631]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP30 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP31 [FBbt_20007630]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP31 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP32 [FBbt_20007634]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP32 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP33 [FBbt_20007635]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP33 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP34 [FBbt_20007624]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives most of its input in medulla layer M7, from around 20 columns (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It sends output to the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP35 [FBbt_20007633]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP35 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP36 [FBbt_20007641]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives the majority of its input in medulla layer M6 from around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends most of its output to the superior clamp and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP38 [FBbt_20007654]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it receives input in medulla layers M7-M8 from around 70 columns (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it has pre- and post-synapses in the posterior lateral protocerebrum, and also sends output to the superior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP39 [FBbt_20007629]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP39 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP4 [FBbt_20011486]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP4 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 22 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP41 [FBbt_20007639]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP41 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP43 [FBbt_20007649]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP43 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M2, medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and accessory medulla, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP45 [FBbt_20007646]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP45 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP46 [FBbt_20007625]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP46 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP47 [FBbt_20007642]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP47 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla, lateral horn, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP48 [FBbt_20007640]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP48 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP49 [FBbt_20007632]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input in around 150 columns of medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its main output regions are the posterior lateral protocerebrum and vest (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP5 [FBbt_20011487]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP5 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M8 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 9 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP50 [FBbt_20007643]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input in around 100 columns of medulla layers M7-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior bridge and the superior and inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP51 [FBbt_20007652]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP51 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M2, medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M1, medulla layer M2, medulla layer M8, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and wedge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP52 [FBbt_20007644]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP52 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP53 [FBbt_20007650]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP53 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and wedge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and wedge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP56 [FBbt_20007638]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP56 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP57 [FBbt_20007628]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP57 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer, and the contralateral superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, the contralateral superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP58 [FBbt_20007620]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma ventral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input from around 30 columns of medulla layer M7 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the superior and inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP6 [FBbt_20007610]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma lateral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives input from around 20 columns of medulla layers M6-M7 (Nern et al., 2025). It projects to the superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 40-50 of these cells per organism (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP60 [FBbt_20007648]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP60 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10 and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP61 [FBbt_20007645]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP61 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, gorget and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP62 [FBbt_20011488]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP62 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, anterior optic tubercle and lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP63 [FBbt_20007657]
Adult unilateral visual projection neuron with its soma ventral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it receives input in around 50 columns of medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its main output region is the posterior lateral protocerebrum, where it also has some postsynapses (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVP64 [FBbt_20011489]
Adult medulla visual projection neuron of the MeVP64 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9 and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPaMe1 [FBbt_20007655]
Adult medulla-contralateral accessory medulla neuron of the MeVPaMe1 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, superior medial protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla, and the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum, lobula layer 6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, superior medial protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp, and the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum, lobula layer 6, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and inferior clamp (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPaMe2 [FBbt_00053510]
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron with its soma between the central brain and optic lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in around 50 columns of ipsilateral medulla layers M6-M7 and sends output to around 5 columns of contralateral medulla layers M6-M7 (Nern et al., 2025). It also receives input in the accessory medulla and posterior lateral protocerebrum of both hemispheres and sends output to the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and accessory medulla (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPLo1 [FBbt_20007656]
Adult medulla-contralateral lobula neuron of the MeVPLo1 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2 and inferior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2 and inferior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the gnathal ganglion (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPLo2 [FBbt_20007616]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, mainly in layers M5-M6, in around 50 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 7 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPLp1 [FBbt_20007600]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma ventral to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobe, it receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M4, in around 500 columns, and it sends output to approximately 50 columns of layer 4 of the contralateral lobula plate (Nern et al., 2025). It also has a smaller number of presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 4 (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025) In the central brain, it has presynapses in the inferior posterior slope, wedge, saddle and gnathal ganglion in both hemispheres (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPLp2 [FBbt_20007601]
Adult neuron with its soma lateral to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It receives most of its input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M10, from around 100 columns, and a smaller amount in M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula plate, mainly in layers 2 and 3, in around 40 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It does not have arbors in the central brain (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe1 [FBbt_20007609]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNl&d1 lateral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in around 100 columns of the ipsilateral medulla layers M8-M10 and has presynapses in around 50 columns of the contralateral medulla layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It also sends output to the inferior posterior slope in both hemispheres (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe11 [FBbt_00053511]
Adult bilateral visual projection neuron with its soma between the central brain and optic lobe (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). In the optic lobes, it receives input in around 200 columns of ipsilateral medulla layers M6-M7 and sends output to around 50 columns of contralateral medulla layers M6-M7 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output to the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe12 [FBbt_20004523]
Adult interneuron with its soma ventral to the protocerebral bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the ipsilateral optic lobe, its main arborization domain is the layer M3-M4 border, where it has postsynapses and a smaller number of presynapses, spanning around 150 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It has additional presynapses in layers M1 and M6-M7 in around 30 columns each (Nern et al., 2025). In the contralateral optic lobe, it is mainly presynaptic in around 100 columns of medulla layer M1 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe13 [FBbt_20004313]
Adult interneuron with its soma ventral to the protocerebral bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is mostly postsynaptic in the ipsilateral medulla, spanning around 200 columns of layer M6, and it has mixed pre- and post-synapses in around 200 columns of contralateral layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe2 [FBbt_20007608]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNl&d1 lateral hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla, mainly in layer M4, where is spans around 150 columns, but also in M8 and M10 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to around 100 columns of contralateral medulla layer M4 (Nern et al., 2025). It also sends output to the inferior posterior slope in both hemispheres (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe3 [FBbt_20007606]
Adult medulla-contralateral medulla neuron of the MeVPMe3 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer, the contralateral medulla serpentine layer and posterior lateral protocerebrum, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and posterior lateral protocerebrum, the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe4 [FBbt_20007607]
Adult medulla-contralateral medulla neuron of the MeVPMe4 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and medulla layer M8, and the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum and superior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe, the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp, accessory medulla and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe5 [FBbt_20007603]
Adult visual projection neuron with its soma dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNl&d1 lateral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the optic lobes, it receives input in around 80 columns of ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and sends output to around 20 columns of contralateral medulla layers M6-M7 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it sends output to the contralateral superior and inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 10 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe6 [FBbt_20007604]
Adult medulla-contralateral medulla neuron of the MeVPMe6 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and superior posterior slope, the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and superior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral optic lobe and superior posterior slope, the contralateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe8 [FBbt_20007605]
Adult medulla-contralateral medulla neuron of the MeVPMe8 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNl&d1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer and inferior posterior slope, and the contralateral medulla serpentine layer and inferior posterior slope (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPMe9 [FBbt_20007602]
Adult medulla-contralateral medulla neuron of the MeVPMe9 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the VPNl&d1 lateral hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6 and medulla serpentine layer, and the contralateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
MeVPOL1 [FBbt_20004334]
Adult interneuron with its soma ventral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). In the ipsilateral optic lobe, it receives input mainly in layers M4 and M8, from around 300 columns each (Nern et al., 2025). In the contralateral optic lobe, it projects to the vicinity of the inner optic chiasm, then innervates medulla layers M8 and M10, lobula layers 2-3 and lobula plate layer 1, where it is mainly presynaptic in around 50 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). It does not have substantial synapsing outside of the optic lobes (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi [FBbt_00003775]
A columnar neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla, connecting distal and proximal layers (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It has its soma in the cell body rind of the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Mi#1 (FAFB:11453949) [VFB_001029d1]
Mi#1, FBbt:00003775 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mi#1 (FAFB:11453949); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medullary intrinsic neuron]
Mi1 [FBbt_00003776]
Unicolumnar medullary intrinsic neuron with bushy, fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M5 and M9-10 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). The projection of this neuron branches at the inner-face of the medulla to form two to three varicose recurrent terminal specializations that extend back up to the inner border of layer M8 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). In central (non-dorsal margin) columns it receives input from an R8 photoreceptor cell, but connections are substantially weaker in dorsal margin columns (Kind et al., 2021). Pre-synaptic terminals are present mainly in medulla layers M9-M10, but also in all other layers where neurites extend laterally (Pankova and Borst, 2017). It receives input from lamina monopolar neurons L1 and L5 and centrifugal neuron C2 (Takemura et al., 2013). It outputs to T4 neurons and transmedullary neuron Tm3a (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a cholinergic neuron (Hasegawa et al., 2011; Pankova and Borst, 2017). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi1#1 (FAFB:11471701) [VFB_001029dy]
Mi1#1, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi1#1 (FAFB:11471701)]
Mi1#2 (FAFB:11472780) [VFB_001029e2]
Mi1#2, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#2 (FAFB:11472780); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#3 (FAFB:11470014) [VFB_001029dt]
Mi1#3, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi1#3 (FAFB:11470014)]
Mi1#4 (FAFB:11458127) [VFB_001029da]
Mi1#4, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi1#4 (FAFB:11458127)]
Mi1#5 (FAFB:14880472) [VFB_001029h4]
Mi1#5, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; Mi1#5 (FAFB:14880472); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#6 (FAFB:11829850) [VFB_001029ey]
Mi1#6, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#6 (FAFB:11829850); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#7 (FAFB:13294451) [VFB_001029gp]
Mi1#7, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#7 (FAFB:13294451); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi1#8 (FAFB:14811021) [VFB_001029h1]
Mi1#8, FBbt:00003776 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1; is part of; female organism; Mi1#8 (FAFB:14811021); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi10 [FBbt_00003785]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M4, M5 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layer M9. It is a GABAergic neuron.
Mi10#1 (FAFB:11481716) [VFB_001029eb]
Mi10#1, FBbt:00003785 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mi10#1 (FAFB:11481716); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi10]
Mi10b [FBbt_00110070]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M4-M10 (Hasegawa et al., 2011).
Mi11 [FBbt_00003786]
Medulla intrinsic wide-field neuron with extensive fine arborizations in medulla layers M6, M8, M9, M10 and the serpentine layer (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Mi12 [FBbt_00003787]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with fine, extensive and bushy arborizations in medulla layers M2, M8 and M9.
Mi13 [FBbt_00111283]
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It has bushy arborizations in the boundary region between M1 and M2 layers, and additional arbors in M3 and M8-M10.
Mi14 [FBbt_00111284]
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the medulla. It has extensive arborizations in M2-M5 and M8-M9 layers.
Mi15 [FBbt_00111285]
Medulla intrinsic unicolumnar neuron whose primary neurite splits in the M1 layer, sending vertical branches as far as the M7 layer (Takemura et al., 2013; Takemura et al., 2015; Kind et al., 2021). A process also extends from the distal medulla into the first optic chiasma, where it receives around half of its photoreceptor input (Kind et al., 2021). In central columns, these cells selectively receive input from R8, rather than R7 photoreceptors, but selectivity is not maintained in Mi15 cells of the dorsal rim area (Kind et al., 2021). It seems to be both cholinergic and dopaminergic (Davis et al., 2020).
Mi15#1 (FAFB:11453818) [VFB_001029cz]
Mi15#1, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Mi15#1 (FAFB:11453818); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#2 (FAFB:11450567) [VFB_001029cq]
Mi15#2, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi15#2 (FAFB:11450567)]
Mi15#3 (FAFB:11484380) [VFB_001029ed]
Mi15#3, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mi15#3 (FAFB:11484380); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#4 (FAFB:11445261) [VFB_001029c2]
Mi15#4, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi15#4 (FAFB:11445261)]
Mi15#5 (FAFB:10655926) [VFB_001029bn]
Mi15#5, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mi15#5 (FAFB:10655926); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#6 (FAFB:11916190) [VFB_001029f9]
Mi15#6, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mi15#6 (FAFB:11916190); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#7 (FAFB:12017150) [VFB_001029gb]
Mi15#7, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Mi15#7 (FAFB:12017150); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi15#8 (FAFB:12002139) [VFB_001029g6]
Mi15#8, FBbt:00111285 [medullary intrinsic neuron Mi15; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mi15#8 (FAFB:12002139); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi16 [FBbt_20011490]
Adult medulla intrinsic neuron of the Mi16 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M4 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 87 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi17 [FBbt_20011491]
Adult medulla intrinsic neuron of the Mi17 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 85 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi18 [FBbt_20007269]
Adult unilateral medulla intrinsic neuron with its soma ventral to the medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It spans around 50 columns, having postsynapses and a smaller number of presynapses in layers M1-2 and M3-4 (Nern et al., 2025). It also receives a small amount of input in layers M7-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi19 [FBbt_20007257]
Adult unilateral medulla intrinsic neuron with its soma anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It has inputs and outputs in layer M1, spanning around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It also receives a smaller amount of input in layers M7-M9 (Nern et al., 2025). It has a tangential arborization pattern (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 5-6 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi2 [FBbt_00003777]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2 and M3, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M8 and M9. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Mi20 [FBbt_20011492]
Adult medulla intrinsic neuron of the Mi20 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M3, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9 and medulla layer M10 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9 and medulla layer M10 (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi3 [FBbt_00003778]
Medulla intrinsic wide-field neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M6 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layer M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Mi4 [FBbt_00003779]
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M4 and M5, and only bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It receives input from the lamina monopolar neuron L5 and photoreceptor R8 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is a GABAergic neuron (Takemura et al., 2017). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi4#1 (FAFB:11481478) [VFB_001029ea]
Mi4#1, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain; Mi4#1 (FAFB:11481478)]
Mi4#2 (FAFB:11467499) [VFB_001029dm]
Mi4#2, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mi4#2 (FAFB:11467499); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain]
Mi4#3 (FAFB:11465884) [VFB_001029dh]
Mi4#3, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain; Mi4#3 (FAFB:11465884)]
Mi4#4 (FAFB:11473653) [VFB_001029e5]
Mi4#4, FBbt:00003779 [Mi4#4 (FAFB:11473653); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; adult brain]
Mi4#5 (FAFB:12045602) [VFB_001029gi]
Mi4#5, FBbt:00003779 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; adult brain; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medullary intrinsic neuron Mi4; Mi4#5 (FAFB:12045602)]
Mi5 [FBbt_00003780]
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M8 and the serpentine layer, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layer M6 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Mi6 [FBbt_00003781]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M2, M5, M6 and M8, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M3 and M4.
Mi7 [FBbt_00003782]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M6, but with only fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M5 and M8. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Mi8 [FBbt_00003783]
Medulla intrinsic neuron with a bushy mix of bleb-type and fine terminal arborization in layers M1-3. The projection of this neuron branches at the boundary with M10 to form varicose recurrent terminal specializations that extend back through M9.
Mi9 [FBbt_00003784]
Medulla intrinsic narrow field neuron with a bushy mix of bleb-type and fine terminal arborization in layers M2, M3 and M4 and in the lower medulla layers M9-M10 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Kind et al., 2021). It establishes pre- and post-synaptic connections in both the inner and outer medulla layers (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). It receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L3 (Takemura et al., 2013). It is glutamatergic (Takemura et al., 2017). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Mi9#1 (FAFB:10422284) [VFB_001029av]
Mi9#1, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; Mi9#1 (FAFB:10422284); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#2 (FAFB:11467628) [VFB_001029dn]
Mi9#2, FBbt:00003784 [Mi9#2 (FAFB:11467628); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#3 (FAFB:11447430) [VFB_001029c7]
Mi9#3, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; Mi9#3 (FAFB:11447430); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#4 (FAFB:11453111) [VFB_001029cu]
Mi9#4, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi9#4 (FAFB:11453111)]
Mi9#5 (FAFB:12015966) [VFB_001029g9]
Mi9#5, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mi9#5 (FAFB:12015966); female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mi9#6 (FAFB:11918590) [VFB_001029fe]
Mi9#6, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi9#6 (FAFB:11918590)]
Mi9#7 (FAFB:10655486) [VFB_001029bk]
Mi9#7, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mi9#7 (FAFB:10655486)]
Mi9#8 (FAFB:11947152) [VFB_001029fg]
Mi9#8, FBbt:00003784 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary intrinsic neuron Mi9; Mi9#8 (FAFB:11947152); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
ML_VPN1#1 (FAFB:11458372) [VFB_001029dd]
ML_VPN1#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; ML_VPN1#1 (FAFB:11458372); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 1]
ML_VPN1#2 (FAFB:11467870) [VFB_001029do]
ML_VPN1#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML_VPN1#2 (FAFB:11467870); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 1]
ML_VPN1#3 (FAFB:11466211) [VFB_001029di]
ML_VPN1#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; ML_VPN1#3 (FAFB:11466211); medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 1]
ML_VPN2#1 (FAFB:11671334) [VFB_001029eo]
ML_VPN2#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); ML_VPN2#1 (FAFB:11671334); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 2; adult brain]
ML_VPN2#2 (FAFB:11995242) [VFB_001029g2]
ML_VPN2#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); medulla-lobula visual projection neuron 2; adult brain; ML_VPN2#2 (FAFB:11995242)]
ML-VPN1 [FBbt_00052138]
Visual projection neuron with its cell body near the anterior proximal medulla and an axonal projection following that of the medulla-lobula neuron 1 (Kind et al., 2021). It has wide-field dendritic arborization in the medulla, spanning tens of columns, ramifying at the border of layers M7/M8, then sending vertical projections to M3 and then to M1, and expanding laterally in each of these layers (Kind et al., 2021). Its main synaptic input from photoreceptors is from R8 cells of pale ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). It projects to the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, innervating a region just behind the optic glomeruli (Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately 65 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021).
ML-VPN2 [FBbt_00052139]
Visual projection neuron with its soma in the cell body rind of the medulla and dendritic innervation of medulla layers M7/M8 (Kind et al., 2021).
ML1 [FBbt_00052137]
Optic lobe neuron that has its soma in the anterior medulla cell body rind, multicolumnar dendritic innervation of the medulla, and an axon that reaches the anterior lobula without passing through the second optic chiasm (Kind et al., 2021). Its dendritic arborization spans approximately 20 optic columns, ramifying in layers M1-4 and M8 from vertical processes (Kind et al., 2021). It receives synaptic input from R8 photoreceptors, mainly in pale optic columns (Kind et al., 2021). Its axon leaves the distal medulla and travels anteriorly to reach layer 6 of the lobula, where it has postsynapses in a few columns (Kind et al., 2021; Nern et al., 2025). In a subpopulation of these cells its axon also innervates the central brain (Kind et al., 2021). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 45 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021; Nern et al., 2025).
ML1#1 (FAFB:11472157) [VFB_001029dz]
ML1#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML1#1 (FAFB:11472157); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
ML1#2 (FAFB:11458490) [VFB_001029de]
ML1#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML1#2 (FAFB:11458490); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
ML1#3 (FAFB:11471219) [VFB_001029dw]
ML1#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; ML1#3 (FAFB:11471219); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
ML1#4 (FAFB:11458826) [VFB_001029df]
ML1#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; ML1#4 (FAFB:11458826); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla-lobula neuron 1]
Mt_VPN#1 (FAFB:14286406) [VFB_001029gu]
Mt_VPN#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; Mt_VPN#1 (FAFB:14286406); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mt_VPN#2 (FAFB:11453464) [VFB_001029cx]
Mt_VPN#2 [Mt_VPN#2 (FAFB:11453464); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mt_VPN#3 (FAFB:11469481) [VFB_001029ds]
Mt_VPN#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mt_VPN#3 (FAFB:11469481)]
Mt_VPN#4 (FAFB:3509520) [VFB_001029a6]
Mt_VPN#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mt_VPN#4 (FAFB:3509520); medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mt_VPN#5 (FAFB:4711708) [VFB_001029a8]
Mt_VPN#5 [Mt_VPN#5 (FAFB:4711708); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medulla tangential visual projection neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mt-VPN [FBbt_00052140]
Visual projection neuron that has tangential arborization in the medulla (Kind et al., 2021).
Mt-VPN1 [FBbt_00052141]
Medulla tangential projection neuron that has processes in medulla layer M7 and branches reaching up to M5-M6 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several R7 photoreceptor cells (Kind et al., 2021). It projects an axon to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
Mt2 [FBbt_00003838]
Medulla tangential neuron with a giant projection that extends across the anterior-posterior length of medulla layer 10, with some bleb-type arborizations here. It extensively arborizes with both fine and bleb-type arborizations throughout the whole of medulla layer M8, and occasionally crosses into layer M9. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M5 and M6.
Mt3 [FBbt_00003839]
Medulla tangential neuron which extends superficially throughout the anterior-posterior expanse of the distal medulla. It shows both fine and bleb-like arborizations throughout medulla layers M1, M2 and M3 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Mt4 [FBbt_00003840]
Medulla tangential neuron that principally extends along the border of the serpentine layer and medulla layer M8 for approximately their anterior two-thirds. It shows extensive fine and bleb-like arborizations in medulla layers M8 and M9, but only fine arborizations in the serpentine layer and layer M6. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011). There are around 25 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Mt5 [FBbt_00003841]
Medulla tangential neuron that extends along the proximal face of the medulla. It shows extensive fine and bleb-like arborizations in medulla layers M8, M9, and M10.
Mt7 [FBbt_00003843]
Medulla tangential neuron that enters the medulla through its proximal face at the level of the serpentine layer. It shows extensive fine and bleb-like arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M6, the serpentine layer and M8. It is a GABAergic neuron.
MTe01b [FBbt_20007682]
Adult visual projection neuron of the MTe01b group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 52 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
MTe04 [FBbt_20007613]
Adult visual projection neuron of the MTe04 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 30 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
MTe10 [FBbt_20007619]
Adult visual projection neuron of the MTe10 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNl&d1 lateral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla and the contralateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 8 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
MTe17 [FBbt_20007626]
Adult visual projection neuron of the MTe17 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
Mti [FBbt_00052142]
Intrinsic neuron of the medulla that has a tangential arborization pattern (Kind et al., 2021).
Mti_DRA_1#1 (FAFB:11993471) [VFB_001029fs]
Mti_DRA_1#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mti_DRA_1#1 (FAFB:11993471); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#2 (FAFB:14430736) [VFB_001029gy]
Mti_DRA_1#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_1#2 (FAFB:14430736); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#3 (FAFB:11994580) [VFB_001029fz]
Mti_DRA_1#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mti_DRA_1#3 (FAFB:11994580); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#4 (FAFB:11995266) [VFB_001029g3]
Mti_DRA_1#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mti_DRA_1#4 (FAFB:11995266); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#5 (FAFB:11686947) [VFB_001029ep]
Mti_DRA_1#5 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mti_DRA_1#5 (FAFB:11686947); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_1#6 (FAFB:10474753) [VFB_001029b2]
Mti_DRA_1#6 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 1; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Mti_DRA_1#6 (FAFB:10474753)]
Mti_DRA_2#1 (FAFB:11995288) [VFB_001029g4]
Mti_DRA_2#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_2#1 (FAFB:11995288); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_2#2 (FAFB:11693571) [VFB_001029eq]
Mti_DRA_2#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_2#2 (FAFB:11693571); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_2#3 (FAFB:11993444) [VFB_001029fr]
Mti_DRA_2#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Mti_DRA_2#3 (FAFB:11993444); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti_DRA_2#4 (FAFB:11903802) [VFB_001029f0]
Mti_DRA_2#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Mti_DRA_2#4 (FAFB:11903802); JRC2018Unisex; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron of dorsal rim area 2; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti-DRA1 [FBbt_00052145]
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron of the dorsal rim area (DRA) with its soma on the ventral side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). Its main process is along the DRA region with short processes innervating non-DRA columns (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from R7 photoreceptors of the DRA, mainly in layers M6/M7 (Kind et al., 2021).
Mti-DRA2 [FBbt_00052146]
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron of the dorsal rim area (DRA) with its soma on the dorsal side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). Its main process is in the DRA region, but it also has long processes extending ventrally into non-DRA columns (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from R7 photoreceptors of the DRA, mainly in layers M6/M7 (Kind et al., 2021). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 20 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Mti#1 (FAFB:11666155) [VFB_001029em]
Mti#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron; female organism; Mti#1 (FAFB:11666155); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti#2 (FAFB:11481395) [VFB_001029e9]
Mti#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; medullary tangential intrinsic neuron; JRC2018Unisex; Mti#2 (FAFB:11481395); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti#3 (FAFB:11466226) [VFB_001029dk]
Mti#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Mti#3 (FAFB:11466226); medullary tangential intrinsic neuron; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Mti1 [FBbt_00052143]
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron with its soma on the distal side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). It has dendrites in layers M3-M6 and axonal processes in M7-M8 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several outer (R7 or R8) photoreceptors (Kind et al., 2021).
Mti2 [FBbt_00052144]
Medulla tangential intrinsic neuron with its soma on the anterior ventral side of the medulla (Kind et al., 2021). It enters the medulla close to its soma, courses through layer M7, and makes elaborations in M6, with some small vertical processes reaching M3 and M4 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives input from several outer (R7 or R8) photoreceptors (Kind et al., 2021). There are approximately 50 of these cells per optic lobe (Kind et al., 2021).
narrow field transmedullary neuron [FBbt_00013789]
A transmedullary neuron whose arborizations are mostly restricted to a single column.
Nod1 [FBbt_00053412]
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the anterior part of the lobula plate layer 1 visual field, spanning around 100 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Nod2 [FBbt_00053413]
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the central part of the lobula plate layer 1 visual field, spanning around 150 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). Some dendrites also reach layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe and the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Nod3 [FBbt_00053414]
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the central part of the lobula plate layer 2 visual field, spanning around 150 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe and the inferior posterior slope of both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Nod4 [FBbt_00053415]
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the posterior part of the lobula plate layer 2 visual field, spanning around 200 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It also receives input in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It sends output to the contralateral inferior posterior slope, lateral accessory lobe and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
Nod5 [FBbt_00053416]
Lobula plate tangential neuron of the noduli group that receives input in the posterior part of the lobula plate layer 3 visual field, spanning around 100 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). Dendrites also extend into all other lobula plate layers (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output mainly to the contralateral inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
npf-F-500000 [VFB_00011209]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC10
OA-AL2b1 [FBbt_00110146]
Octopaminergic neuron of the AL2 cluster which innervates the ipsilateral and contralateral lobula (Busch et al., 2009). It has greater innervation of the contralateral lobula, with mixed pre- and post- synapses in layers 5 and 6, spanning around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It has its soma ventral-medial to the antennal lobe and is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its main process extends posteriodorsally from the soma, close to the esophageal foramen, then bifurcates in the posterior brain, projecting to both optic lobes (Busch et al., 2009; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it receives input in the superior posterior slope, posterior lateral protocerebrum and cantle (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
OA-AL2i3 [FBbt_00110143]
Octopaminergic neuron of the AL2 cluster that has tangential arborization in the ipsilateral medulla layers M1-M2 as well as processes extending into the outer optic chiasm (Busch et al., 2009; Kind et al., 2021). It also arborizes in the superior and inferior posterior slope, posterior lateral protocerebrum and flange (Busch et al., 2009; Kind et al., 2021).
OA-ASM1 [FBbt_00110168]
Octopaminergic neuron of the ASM cluster which arborizes extensively in the ipsilateral side of the posterior protocerebrum and the anterior superior lateral protocerebrum. From the posterior ramifications a single branch emerges and bifurcates in the area dorsolateral to the esophagus foramen. One process projects to the ipsilateral inner medulla and lobula. The other process crosses the midline dorsal to the fan-shaped body and innervates the contralateral inner medulla and lobula (Busch et al., 2009).
ocellar ganglion local neuron [FBbt_00052815]
Local neuron of the ocellar ganglia (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is a small neuron that connects sparsely with photoreceptors from all ocelli (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There are approximately 16 of these per organism (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024).
ocellar retinula cell [FBbt_00004242]
Photoreceptor cell of an adult ocellus. It expresses the violet-sensitive Rh2 (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Its axons are found proximal to its nucleus, and they target their corresponding ocellar ganglion (Caldwell et al., 2007). The lateral ocelli each have around 100 photoreceptor cells, whereas the medial one has around 75 (Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Some of these cells directly target the lobula or lobula plate (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). These cells aid flight stabilization and augment the phototactic response (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). They form simpler circuits with fewer connections before reaching the central brain, resulting in faster transmission of information (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
ocellus [FBbt_00004505]
A simple visual organ on the top of the adult head (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). There are three of these per head, arranged in a triangle with one on the midline and the others slightly posterior and lateral (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). They develop from the eye discs (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022).
ocellus cornea [FBbt_00004239]
Chitinous extracellular laminar secretion that covers the adult ocelli. The lens is laminated with around 45 strata. Underlying it is a monolayer of corneagenous cells.
ocellus corneagenous cell [FBbt_00004240]
Corneagenous cells of the adult ocellus. The cells form a monolayer that separates the ocellus cornea from the rhabdomeres.
ocellus lens [FBbt_00004241]
Lens of an adult ocellus. It is composed of the outer cornea and underlying monolayer of corneagenous cells.
ocellus pigment granule [FBbt_00004244]
Pigment granule of the photoreceptor cell of the adult ocellus. Pigment granules are found distally around the rim of the ocellus, and proximally down from the level of the nucleus. They are composed of ommatins (brown color pigments) which do not migrate in response to light.
ocellus rhabdomere [FBbt_00004243]
Rhabdomere of the adult ocellus. In contrast to the ones in the compound eye, it is open on its distal lateral surface.
OLVC2 [FBbt_20011493]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the OLVC2 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the contralateral lateral accessory lobe, medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 1, lobula plate layer 2, lobula plate layer 3, lobula plate layer 4, antennal mechanosensory and motor center, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, vest, wedge, flange, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M4, medulla layer M5, medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 1, lobula plate layer 2, lobula plate layer 3, lobula plate layer 4, mushroom body gamma-lobe, lobula layer 6, vest, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B, and the gnathal ganglion and saddle (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
OLVC4 [FBbt_20001063]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma posterior-medial to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SMPp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). In the contralateral optic lobe, it has both pre- and post-synapses in medulla layer M7 and in lobula layers 5 and 6 (Nern et al., 2025). In the central brain, it receives input in the ipsilateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
OLVC6 [FBbt_20007291]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the OLVC6 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM6 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 1, lobula plate layer 2, superior posterior slope and lobula layer 5A, and the inferior bridge (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 1, lobula plate layer 2, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
OLVC7 [FBbt_20007287]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the OLVC7 group (Nern et al., 2025). It belongs to the DM6 posterior hemilineage (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, and the contralateral medulla, lobula plate layer 1 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the contralateral medulla layer M8, lobula layer 4, lobula plate layer 1 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 3 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
ommatidium [FBbt_00004510]
One of the facets of the compound eye. It is composed of eight light-sensing photoreceptor cells (photoreceptor cell R1-R8) and accessory cells. There are around 800 ommatidia in each compound eye.
optic cartridge [FBbt_00003747]
Segment (column) of the lamina defined by the distal-proximal (eye to central brain) projections of photoreceptor cells of a single ommatidium.
optic chiasma [FBbt_00003921]
The projection of axons between the lamina and medulla (first optic chiasma) or between the medulla and lobula (second optic chiasma). The linear order of axons along each horizontal row of retinotopic cartridges or columns is reversed by the chiasma.
optic glomerulus [FBbt_00003698]
Small and discrete area of the ventrolateral neuropils defined by the presynaptic terminals of visual projection neurons carrying sensory information from the optic lobe (Otsuna and Ito, 2006; Wu et al., 2016).
optic glomerulus of the AOTU [FBbt_00049811]
Any optic glomerulus (FBbt:00003698) that is part of some anterior optic tubercle (FBbt:00007059).
optic glomerulus of the PLP [FBbt_00007581]
Any optic glomerulus (FBbt:00003698) that is part of some posterior lateral protocerebrum (FBbt:00040044).
optic glomerulus of the PVLP [FBbt_00007582]
Any optic glomerulus (FBbt:00003698) that is part of some posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (FBbt:00040042).
optic lobe amacrine neuron [FBbt_00005127]
Optic lobe intrinsic neuron without defined axons or dendrites, having processes with mixed pre- and post-synapses in approximately the same ratio throughout the cell (Matsliah et al., 2024). Some amacrine cells, such as CT1, have multiple compartmentalized, modular arborizations (Meier and Borst, 2019).
optic lobe amacrine neuron Am1 [FBbt_00052538]
Amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the optic lobe and innervates the medulla, lobula and lobula plate (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Its cell body is found next to the lobula plate and its cell body fiber enters the lobula plate from the posterior side (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It branches into columnar fibers that arborize in lobula plate layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). These fibers bifurcate, projecting via the second optic chiasma to innervate lobula layer 2 and medulla layers 8-9 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It only innervates the posterior columns of the medulla and some of its fibers terminate and make synapses within the second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
optic lobe amacrine neuron Am1 [FBbt_00052538]
Amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the optic lobe and innervates the medulla, lobula and lobula plate (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Its cell body is found next to the lobula plate and its cell body fiber enters the lobula plate from the posterior side (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It branches into columnar fibers that arborize in lobula plate layer 2 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). These fibers bifurcate, projecting via the second optic chiasma to innervate lobula layer 2 and medulla layers 8-9 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It only innervates the posterior columns of the medulla and some of its fibers terminate and make synapses within the second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
optic lobe centrifugal columnar neuron [FBbt_00003742]
Columnar neuron whose soma lies in the cortex between the medulla and the lobula plate that extends through a single column of the medulla and lamina.
optic lobe intrinsic columnar neuron [FBbt_00007578]
A columnar neuron whose arborizations are restricted to the adult optic lobe.
optic lobe pioneer neuron 1 [FBbt_00003704]
One of the three optic lobe pioneer neurons, which persist through development (Tix et al., 1989). In the larva, this is a cholinergic cell, with its cell body on the ventrolateral side of the optic neuropil, whose dense arbors are fully contained within the optic neuropil (Larderet et al., 2017). It is synapsed by Rh6 photoreceptor neurons and it synapses onto larval visual projection interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017).
optic lobe pioneer neuron 2 [FBbt_00003705]
One of the three optic lobe pioneer neurons, which persist through development (Tix et al., 1989). In the larva, this is a glutamatergic cell, with its cell body on the ventrolateral side of the optic lobe, whose dense arbors are fully contained within the optic lobe (Larderet et al., 2017). It is synapsed by Rh6 photoreceptor neurons and it synapses onto larval visual projection interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017).
optic lobe pioneer neuron 3 [FBbt_00003706]
One of the three optic lobe pioneer neurons, which persist through development (Tix et al., 1989). This is a projection neuron that receives input in the larval optic neuropil and has outputs in the lower lateral horn (Larderet et al., 2017).
optic lobe-calycal tract 1 neuron 1 [FBbt_00048336]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the dorsal three-quarters of lobula layer 6 and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 1 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx and the anterior part of the dorsal accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the superior and inferior clamp, and the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
optic lobe-calycal tract 2 neuron 1 [FBbt_00048342]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in medulla layer 7 and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
optic lobe-calycal tract 2 neuron 2 [FBbt_00048346]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the ventralmost part of medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and the superior posterior slope (Yagi et al., 2016).
optic lobe-calycal tract 2 neuron 3 [FBbt_00048347]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
optic lobe-calycal tract 2 neuron 4 [FBbt_00048348]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in ventral parts of medulla layers 1-7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 2 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and the inferior clamp (Yagi et al., 2016).
optic lobe-calycal tract 3 neuron 1 [FBbt_00048349]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the accessory medulla and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 3 to arborize in the lateral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the superior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
optic lobe-calycal tract 4 neuron 1 [FBbt_00048350]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in lobula layer 6, medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla, then fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 4 to arborize in the ventral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the accessory medulla (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the posterior lateral protocerebrum, the inferior clamp and the wedge (Yagi et al., 2016).
optic lobe-calycal tract 5 neuron 1 [FBbt_00048351]
Adult projection neuron that receives input in the dorsal three-quarters of medulla layer 7 and the accessory medulla and fasciculates with optic lobe-calycal tract 5 to arborize contralaterally in the ventral accessory calyx and the dorsal accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016). It has its cell body near the superior posterior slope (Yagi et al., 2016). It also projects to the superior medial protocerebrum, the antler, the superior and inferior clamp, and the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Yagi et al., 2016).
outer medulla [FBbt_00003749]
Layers 1-6 of the medulla.
outer photoreceptor cell [FBbt_00006007]
An eye photoreceptor cell whose rhabdomere is part of the outer trapezoid of rhabdomeres of each ommatidium. There are six of these per ommatidium. Each has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge within which it makes extensive synaptic connections before terminating in the proximal lamina. It is strongly presynaptic to lamina monopolar neurons L1 and L2 and the lamina intrinsic (amacrine) neuron (Rivera-Alba et al., 2011).
pale ommatidium [FBbt_02000002]
Ommatidial subtype with stochastic distribution throughout the retina, making up about 30% of all non-dorsal margin ommatidia. This ommatidial subtype is specialized to detect shorter wavelengths (near UV + blue) than yellow ommatidia.
photoreceptor [FBbt_00005162]
A light sensitive sense organ.
photoreceptor cell of Bolwig organ [FBbt_00007253]
Photoreceptor cell that is part of a Bolwig’s organ. Unlike the photoreceptors of the adult eye, eyelet and ocellus, these photoreceptors do not contain rhabdomeres, but instead have apical surfaces which are folded into numerous horizontal microtubule-containing microvillar-like processes (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). These processes are variable in length, diameter and spacing, but align approximately along a ventro-anterior to dorso-posterior axis relative to the body and do not branch (Hartenstein et al., 2019). There are around 12 of these cells per hemisphere and their axons enter the brain ventrolaterally via the Bolwig nerve and terminate in the larval optic neuropil (Larderet et al., 2017). There are two mutually exclusive subtypes, expressing Rh5 or Rh6, both of which are cholinergic and are capable of entraining the molecular clock by light (Keene et al., 2011).
photoreceptor cell pigment granule [FBbt_00005236]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some photoreceptor neuron (FBbt:00004211).
photoreceptor cell R1 pigment granule [FBbt_00005237]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R1 (FBbt:00004213).
photoreceptor cell R1 stalk [FBbt_00005884]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R1 (FBbt:00004213).
photoreceptor cell R2 pigment granule [FBbt_00005238]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R2 (FBbt:00004215).
photoreceptor cell R2 stalk [FBbt_00005885]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R2 (FBbt:00004215).
photoreceptor cell R3 pigment granule [FBbt_00005239]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R3 (FBbt:00004217).
photoreceptor cell R3 stalk [FBbt_00005886]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R3 (FBbt:00004217).
photoreceptor cell R4 pigment granule [FBbt_00005240]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R4 (FBbt:00004219).
photoreceptor cell R4 stalk [FBbt_00005887]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R4 (FBbt:00004219).
photoreceptor cell R5 pigment granule [FBbt_00005241]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R5 (FBbt:00004221).
photoreceptor cell R5 stalk [FBbt_00005888]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R5 (FBbt:00004221).
photoreceptor cell R6 pigment granule [FBbt_00005242]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R6 (FBbt:00004223).
photoreceptor cell R6 stalk [FBbt_00005889]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R6 (FBbt:00004223).
photoreceptor cell R7 pigment granule [FBbt_00005243]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R7 (FBbt:00004225).
photoreceptor cell R7 stalk [FBbt_00005890]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R7 (FBbt:00004225).
photoreceptor cell R8 pigment granule [FBbt_00005244]
Any photoreceptor cell pigment granule (FBbt:00005236) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R8 (FBbt:00004227).
photoreceptor cell R8 stalk [FBbt_00005891]
Any eye photoreceptor cell stalk (FBbt:00005883) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R8 (FBbt:00004227).
photoreceptor neuron [FBbt_00004211]
Sensory neuron that reacts to the presence of light, due to the presence of rhodopsin.
pigment cell [FBbt_00004230]
Glial cell of the retina (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010; Liu et al., 2015) that produces screening pigments (Tomlinson, 2012). These pigments form layers around the retina and each ommatidium to prevent lateral transfer of light, ensuring photoreceptors of one ommatidium are activated only by light entering through one lens (Tomlinson, 2012). These cells also have metabolic interactions with photoreceptor neurons, providing alanine (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010) and removing lipids (Liu et al., 2015).
pigment rim [FBbt_00111300]
Thick band of secondary and tertiary-like pigment cells that circumscribes the retina of the adult eye and runs from the surface to the base. Basally, it surrounds the subretinal pigment layer.
plexiform lamina [FBbt_00100366]
The main part of the lamina that does not contain the terminals of photoreceptors from dorsal rim ommatidia.
plexiform medulla [FBbt_00045001]
Region of the medulla excluding the medulla dorsal rim area.
PLP011 [FBbt_20001511]
Adult neuron belonging to group 011 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the mushroom body, optic lobe, lobula, superior lateral protocerebrum, inferior neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, mushroom body dorsal accessory calyx, ventrolateral neuropils and superior neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the mushroom body, superior lateral protocerebrum, superior medial protocerebrum, inferior neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, mushroom body dorsal accessory calyx, ventrolateral neuropils and superior neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PLP014 [FBbt_20001514]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PLP014 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP031 [FBbt_20001531]
Adult neuron belonging to group 031 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the lateral accessory lobe, optic lobe, lobula, lateral horn, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior optic commissure, gnathal ganglion, lateral complex, ventromedial neuropils, inferior neuropils, gorget, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, inferior bridge, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge, superior neuropils, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, periesophageal neuropils, saddle and cantle (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the lateral accessory lobe, optic lobe, lobula, lateral horn, superior lateral protocerebrum, gnathal ganglion, lateral complex, ventromedial neuropils, inferior neuropils, epaulette, vest, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, inferior bridge, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge, superior neuropils, superior posterior slope, inferior posterior slope, periesophageal neuropils and saddle (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PLP032 [FBbt_20001532]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the PLP032 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the contralateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the contralateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, the gnathal ganglia, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral lateral accessory lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP051 [FBbt_20001551]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the PLP051 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the gall (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral vest and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP068 [FBbt_20001568]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the PLP068 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPav1 medial hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP070 [FBbt_20001570]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP070 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP090 [FBbt_20001590]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PLP090 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the contralateral lobula, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP091 [FBbt_20001591]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP091 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral vest, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP098 [FBbt_20001598]
Adult neuron belonging to group 098 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, ventromedial neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge and superior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, ventromedial neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge and superior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PLP105 [FBbt_20001605]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP105 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP118 [FBbt_20001618]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP118 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPpl2 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP125 [FBbt_20001625]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP125 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPpl2 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP126 [FBbt_20001626]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP126 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPpl2 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP146 [FBbt_20001646]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP146 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP147 [FBbt_20001647]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP147 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral-medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP152 [FBbt_20001652]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP152 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 13 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP153 [FBbt_20001653]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP153 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior clamp and the ipsilateral superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 12 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP167 [FBbt_20001667]
Adult neuron belonging to group 167 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, superior lateral protocerebrum, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge and superior neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum and ventrolateral neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PLP168 [FBbt_20001668]
Adult neuron belonging to group 168 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, inferior neuropils, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and ventrolateral neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, inferior neuropils, posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, inferior clamp and ventrolateral neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PLP183 [FBbt_20001683]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP183 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP194 [FBbt_20001694]
Adult neuron belonging to group 194 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, ventromedial neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils and superior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the ventromedial neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils and superior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PLP210 [FBbt_20001710]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PLP210 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the contralateral lobula, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the contralateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP212 [FBbt_20001712]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP212 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP215 [FBbt_20001715]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the PLP215 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP231 [FBbt_20001731]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the PLP231 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP240 [FBbt_20001740]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP240 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior-medial to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP251 [FBbt_20001751]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the PLP251 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral inferior clamp, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn and the ipsilateral mushroom body pedunculus (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PLP255 [FBbt_20001755]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PLP255 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the contralateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the contralateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
Pm [FBbt_00003832]
An amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla and that branches and arborizes in the proximal medulla. Generally, the soma is located in the cortex adjacent to the medulla and that projects through the proximal surface of the medulla, to form wide (sometimes very wide) terminal arborizations mainly or completely restricted to a single layer of the medulla.
Pm1 [FBbt_00003833]
Proximal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that branches as it enters the proximal side of the medulla and forms broad terminal arbors, with mixed pre- and post-synaptic terminals, mainly in medulla layer M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008).
Pm10 [FBbt_20007262]
Adult proximal medulla amacrine neuron with its soma anterior to the medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It enters the medulla at its distal surface and projects to the proximal side before forming pre- and post-synapses in layers M9-M10 in around 50 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 40 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Pm11 [FBbt_20007242]
Adult proximal medulla amacrine neuron with its soma ventral-medial to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It enters the proximal medulla has pre- and post-synapses in layers M9-M10 in over 500 columns, as well as some fibers that extend to layer M8 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately two of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Pm12 [FBbt_20011494]
Adult proximal medulla intrinsic neuron of the Pm12 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10 and accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9 and medulla layer M10 (Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025). The pair of them form a jigsaw pattern, tiling the neuropil (Matsliah et al., 2024).
Pm13 [FBbt_20011495]
Adult proximal medulla intrinsic neuron of the Pm13 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M6, medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8, medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10 and accessory medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla serpentine layer, medulla layer M8 and medulla layer M9 (Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Pm1a [FBbt_00003834]
Proximal medullary amacrine neuron that enters the proximal surface of the medulla without branching and forms a broad terminal arbor with mixed morphology terminals mainly in medulla layer M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Pm2 [FBbt_00003835]
Proximal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that projects along M7 and branches extensively at the M7/M8 boundary with each branch projecting into medulla layer M9 where it forms an arbor with mixed bleb-type and fine terminals (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Pm3 [FBbt_00110066]
Proximal medullary amacrine neuron that branches at the proximal surface of the medulla, with both branches forming a broad terminal arbor in medulla layer M9. The processes of different cells intermingle significantly, and the arbor density is heterogeneous. It occupies a peripheral intracolumnar position. It is GABAergic (Davis et al., 2020). There are around 35-40 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Pm4 [FBbt_00111282]
Proximal medullary amacrine neuron that branches at the proximal surface of the medulla. It covers around 10-20 columns with its pre- and post-synapses mostly in layers M8-M9 (Nern et al., 2025). It occupies a central intracolumnar position. It is GABAergic (Davis et al., 2020). There are around 75-85 of these neurons per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Pm7 [FBbt_20007265]
Adult proximal medullary amacrine neuron with its soma in the optic lobe (Nern et al., 2025). It has its pre- and post-synapses in medulla layers M9-M10, spanning around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 15 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
polar cone cell [FBbt_00004196]
Polar cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the equatorial cone-cell, abutting it.
polar cone cell pigment granule [FBbt_00005234]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some polar cone cell (FBbt:00004196).
posterior cone cell [FBbt_00004194]
Posterior cone cell. It is a mirror-image of the anterior cone-cell, but does not abutt it.
posterior cone cell pigment granule [FBbt_00005232]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some posterior cone cell (FBbt:00004194).
pR7 [FBbt_02000006]
Photoreceptor cell R7 that is part of a pale ommatidium and expresses Rhodopsin 3 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It outputs to Dm8 neurons in medulla layer M6 (Gao et al., 2008; Sancer et al., 2019). It receives synaptic input from photoreceptor cell R8 of the same column (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2015), mostly in M3 (Takemura et al., 2008).
pR8 [FBbt_02000004]
Photoreceptor cell R8 that is part of a pale ommatidium and expresses Rhodopsin 5 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It outputs to TM5c, mostly in layer M3 where it terminates, but also in M1-2 (Karuppudurai et al., 2014) and to Tm20, Mi1, Mi4 and some lamina monopolar neurons of the same column (Takemura et al., 2015). It also outputs onto photoreceptor cell R7 of the same column (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2015), mostly in M3 (Takemura et al., 2008).
primary pigment cell [FBbt_00004231]
Retinal pigment cell that is part of an ommatidium. Each ommatidium has two primary pigment cells. These cells line the pseudocone and are in contact basally with the cone cells. They contain coarse granules of ommochrome screening pigment. Along with the cone cells, they secrete the lens.
primary pigment cell pigment granule [FBbt_00004235]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some primary pigment cell (FBbt:00004231).
proximal medullary amacrine neuron Pm9-10 [FBbt_00110134]
Proximal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that arborizes extensively in medulla layers M9 and M10. The terminals in the medulla form both pre- and post-synaptic terminals (Morante and Desplan, 2008).
proximal medullary amacrine neuron PmLM7 [FBbt_00110133]
Proximal medullary wide-field amacrine neuron that arborizes extensively in medulla layer M7 and a few in M8-M10. The finest terminals in the medulla are dendritic, forming post-synaptic terminals (Morante and Desplan, 2008).
PS064 [FBbt_20001819]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PS064 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the gnathal ganglia, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral medulla, the contralateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS070 [FBbt_20001825]
Adult neuron belonging to group 070 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils, ventrolateral neuropils, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PS071 [FBbt_20001826]
Adult neuron belonging to group 071 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PS072 [FBbt_20001827]
Adult neuron belonging to group 072 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PS073 [FBbt_20001828]
Adult neuron belonging to group 073 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge, superior posterior slope and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the gnathal ganglion, ventromedial neuropils, ventrolateral neuropils, wedge and inferior posterior slope (Scheffer et al., 2020).
PS074 [FBbt_20001829]
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron of the PS074 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LALv1 ventral hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS105 [FBbt_20001860]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PS105 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 10 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS129 [FBbt_20001884]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PS129 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the protocerebral bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the contralateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS130 [FBbt_20001885]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PS130 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the protocerebral bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral cantle, the contralateral gorget, the contralateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral cantle (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS134 [FBbt_20001889]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PS134 group, with its soma in the brain, medial to the antler (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral medulla, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS136 [FBbt_20001891]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PS136 group, with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the protocerebral bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the DM1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the contralateral inferior posterior slope, the contralateral lobula plate, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the gnathal ganglia (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula plate, the contralateral lobula and the contralateral medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 3 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS273 [FBbt_20002028]
Adult visual projection neuron of the PS273 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the PSp3 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 9 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
PS277 [FBbt_20002032]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the PS277 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the saddle, the contralateral lobula plate, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the contralateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula plate, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the saddle and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
pseudocartridge glial cell [FBbt_00100520]
Surface glial cell of the adult optic lobe. The pseudocartridge glial cells form a layer beneath the distal fenestrated glial cells (Edwards and Meinertzhagen, 2010). These cells are specialized subperineurial glial cells of the optic lobe (Kremer et al., 2017). One cell may envelop multiple partial ommatidial bundles, with some bundles shared between neighboring glia, similar to the tiling displayed by other glial types (Kremer et al., 2017).
pseudocone [FBbt_00004198]
Extracellular secretion that is found between the corneal lens and the apical surface of photoreceptors and cone cells. It is made up of a gelatinous, clear substance that is secreted in pupal stage by the four underlying cone cells and primary pigment cells.
R1 [FBbt_00004213]
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at the right angle vertex of the longer of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
R2 [FBbt_00004215]
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located in the middle of the longer of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
R3 [FBbt_00004217]
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at the non-right angled vertex of the longer of two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
R4 [FBbt_00004219]
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located in the middle of the longer of the two non-parallel sides of trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium, in between the rhabdomeres of R3 and R5. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
R5 [FBbt_00004221]
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at a non-right angle vertex of the shorter of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
R6 [FBbt_00004223]
Outer photoreceptor cell of the adult eye whose rhabdomere is located at the right angle vertex of the shorter of the two parallel sides of the trapezoid of rhabdomeres in each ommatidium. It has a single axon that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Wolff and Ready, 1993).
R7 [FBbt_00004225]
Inner photoreceptor cell of the ommatidium whose rhabdomere is located distally, directly above that of R8 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It has a single axon that extends through a single column of the lamina without making synapses (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). This axon crosses the first optic chiasm and extends through a single column of the medulla where it makes pre-synaptic contacts, mainly in medulla layers M1 and M5 (Takemura et al., 2008), before terminating in M6 (Gao et al., 2008; Sancer et al., 2019). It forms reciprocal inhibitory histaminergic synapses with the R8 photoreceptor of the same optic column (Schnaitmann et al., 2018), with a large proportion in the first optic chiasm (Kind et al., 2021).
R7_DRA#1 (FAFB:11728779) [VFB_001029eu]
R7_DRA#1, FBbt:00004449 [R7_DRA#1 (FAFB:11728779); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7]
R7_DRA#2 (FAFB:10300949) [VFB_001029am]
R7_DRA#2, FBbt:00004449 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); R7_DRA#2 (FAFB:10300949); adult brain; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7]
R7_DRA#3 (FAFB:10191735) [VFB_001029ag]
R7_DRA#3, FBbt:00004449 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R7_DRA#3 (FAFB:10191735); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7]
R7-DRA [FBbt_00004449]
R7 photoreceptor of the dorsal rim area of the retina. It expresses the UV-detecting Rhodopsin 3 and extends to medulla layer M6, where it synapses to Dm-DRA1, but not Dm8 (Sancer et al., 2019).
R7#1 (FAFB:10082582) [VFB_001029aa]
R7#1, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; R7#1 (FAFB:10082582); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#2 (FAFB:10653593) [VFB_001029bf]
R7#2, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R7#2 (FAFB:10653593); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#3 (FAFB:10538510) [VFB_001029b8]
R7#3, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R7#3 (FAFB:10538510); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#4 (FAFB:10585940) [VFB_001029bb]
R7#4, FBbt:00004225 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; R7#4 (FAFB:10585940); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R7#5 (FAFB:10653780) [VFB_001029bg]
R7#5, FBbt:00004225 [R7#5 (FAFB:10653780); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; photoreceptor cell R7]
R8 [FBbt_00004227]
Inner photoreceptor cell of the ommatidium whose rhabdomere is located proximally, directly below that of R7 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It has a single axon that extends through a single column of the lamina without making synapses and crosses the first optic chiasm to reach the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It forms reciprocal inhibitory histaminergic synapses with the R8 photoreceptor of the same optic column (Schnaitmann et al., 2018), with a large proportion in the first optic chiasm (Kind et al., 2021). It is also cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
R8_DRA#1 (FAFB:10300963) [VFB_001029an]
R8_DRA#1, FBbt:00004209 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R8_DRA#1 (FAFB:10300963); female organism; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
R8_DRA#2 (FAFB:11728827) [VFB_001029ev]
R8_DRA#2, FBbt:00004209 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8; JRC2018Unisex; R8_DRA#2 (FAFB:11728827); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
R8_DRA#3 (FAFB:10190508) [VFB_001029af]
R8_DRA#3, FBbt:00004209 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; R8_DRA#3 (FAFB:10190508)]
R8-DRA [FBbt_00004209]
R8 photoreceptor of the dorsal rim area of the retina. It expresses the UV-detecting Rhodopsin 3 and extends to medulla layer M6, where it synapses to Dm-DRA2 (Sancer et al., 2019). In expression and morphology it is more similar to R7 cells than other R8 cells (Sancer et al., 2019).
R8#1 (FAFB:10629254) [VFB_001029bc]
R8#1, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; R8#1 (FAFB:10629254)]
R8#2 (FAFB:10086691) [VFB_001029ab]
R8#2, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; R8#2 (FAFB:10086691)]
R8#3 (FAFB:11466408) [VFB_001029dl]
R8#3, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; R8#3 (FAFB:11466408); photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
R8#4 (FAFB:11468318) [VFB_001029dp]
R8#4, FBbt:00004227 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; photoreceptor cell R8; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; R8#4 (FAFB:11468318); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
retina [FBbt_00004200]
The array of photoreceptors and the cells that support them in a compound eye.
retinal pigment granule [FBbt_00007372]
Pigment granule found in retinal cells.
Rh3TmY [FBbt_00110986]
Transmedullary Y neuron that projects to medulla layers M7-M10, to all four lobula plate layers and to the innermost lobula layer (Lo1) in a columnar manner. In the medulla, it contacts to two to three columns while in the lobula it is three columns. It is synapsed by the photoreceptor cell R7 of pale ommatidium.
Rh4TmY [FBbt_00110987]
Transmedullary Y neuron that projects to medulla layers M7-M10, to all four lobula plate layers and to the innermost lobula layer (Lo1) in a columnar manner. In the medulla, it contacts to two to three columns while in the lobula it is three columns. It is synapsed by the photoreceptor cell R7 of yellow ommatidium.
Rh5 photoreceptor of Bolwig organ [FBbt_00100100]
Photoreceptor cell of the larval Bolwig organ that expresses the blue-absorbing rhodopsin Rh5. It follows the Bolwig nerve and terminates in the intermediate larval optic neuropil, where it outputs mainly onto visual projection interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017). Some neurites bypass the larval optic neuropil and project to the adjacent ipsilateral central brain (Keene et al., 2011). It is involved in light-avoidance behavior (Keene et al., 2011). It changes its Rhodopsin expression and becomes an eyelet photoreceptor cell during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). There are four of these cells per Bolwig organ (Hartenstein et al., 2019; Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Their somas are clustered posteroventral to those of the Rh6 photoreceptors (Hartenstein et al., 2019).
Rh5TmY [FBbt_00110988]
Transmedullary Y neuron that projects to medulla layers M7-M10, to all four lobula plate layers and to the innermost lobula layer (Lo1) in a columnar manner. In the medulla, it contacts to two to three columns while in the lobula it is three columns. It is synapsed by the photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium.
Rh6 photoreceptor of Bolwig organ [FBbt_00100112]
Photoreceptor cell of the larval Bolwig organ that expresses the green-absorbing opsin Rh6. It follows the Bolwig nerve and terminates in the distal larval optic neuropil, where it outputs mainly onto visual local interneurons (Larderet et al., 2017). It dies by programmed cell death during pupal development (Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). There are approximately 8 of these per Bolwig organ (Hartenstein et al., 2019; Jean-Guillaume and Kumar, 2022). Their somas are clustered anterodorsal to those of the Rh5 photoreceptors (Hartenstein et al., 2019).
Rh6TmY [FBbt_00110989]
Transmedullary Y neuron that projects to medulla layers M7-M10, to all four lobula plate layers and to the innermost lobula layer (Lo1) in a columnar manner. In the medulla, it contacts two to three columns while in the lobula it is three columns. It is synapsed by the photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium.
rhabdomere [FBbt_00004212]
The rod-like component of a photoreceptor cell of an ommatidium.
rhabdomere of eye photoreceptor cell [FBbt_00007455]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some eye photoreceptor cell (FBbt:00006009).
rhabdomere R1 [FBbt_00004214]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R1 (FBbt:00004213).
rhabdomere R2 [FBbt_00004216]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R2 (FBbt:00004215).
rhabdomere R3 [FBbt_00004218]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R3 (FBbt:00004217).
rhabdomere R4 [FBbt_00004220]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R4 (FBbt:00004219).
rhabdomere R5 [FBbt_00004222]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R5 (FBbt:00004221).
rhabdomere R6 [FBbt_00004224]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R6 (FBbt:00004223).
rhabdomere R7 [FBbt_00004226]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R7 (FBbt:00004225).
rhabdomere R8 [FBbt_00004228]
Any rhabdomere (FBbt:00004212) that is part of some photoreceptor cell R8 (FBbt:00004227).
rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell [FBbt_00007251]
Photoreceptor cell that contains rhabdomeres.
s-LNv [FBbt_00007428]
Neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster of the adult brain, with a small cell body and generally located more ventrally than the l-LNv neurons (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). There are 5 cells present in each cluster, all except one of which express Pdf (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007; Ma et al., 2021). These cells also express sNPF (Johard et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2021).
s-LNv Pdf neuron [FBbt_00003764]
Adult s-LNv neuron that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178). There are four of these in each ventral cluster of LNs. Short, fine fibers lacking presynaptic sites contact the accessory medulla, whilst longer processes project toward the dorsal protocerebrum and terminate dorsofrontal to the mushroom body calyx close to the pars lateralis and close to the DN2 neurons (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). Thes dorsal arbors contain both pre- and postsynaptic connections, including reciprocal connections to DN1p neurons (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Fernandez et al., 2020), and their morphology and connectivity vary throughout the day (Gorostiza et al., 2014). Pdf rich dense-synaptic vesicles accumulate in terminal varicosities in these cells, but are not associated with presynaptic sites (Miskiewicz et al., 2004; Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010). They can be observed docked at the plasma membrane, suggesting paracrine release of Pdf. They drive the morning locomotor activity peak (Liang et al., 2016; Liang et al., 2017; Delventhal et al., 2019) and display a morning neural activity peak that precedes this increased locomotor activity (Liang et al., 2016).
second optic chiasma [FBbt_00003922]
Chiasma lying between the medulla and the lobula/lobula plate of the optic lobe (Ito et al., 2014). Between the medulla and the lobula, neuronal fibers reverse their order, inverting the anterior-posterior axis of the visual field (Ito et al., 2014; Shinomiya et al., 2019). Between the medulla and lobula plate and between the lobula and lobula plate, fibers run in parallel, conserving the axes of the visual field (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Neurons travelling between the medulla and lobula complex form around 25-30 fiber bundles of varying widths, and neurons travelling between the same two neuropil columns do not necessarily fasciculate with the same bundle (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Neurons travelling between the lobula and lobula plate form sheet-like structures, neurons from the medulla bundles also merge into these sheets (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Sheets and bundles are wrapped by glial processes (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Approximately 20,000 neurons pass through each second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
secondary pigment cell [FBbt_00004232]
Interommatidial pigment cell that lies between the edges of adjacent ommatidia. It contains the red screening pigment pteridine, as well as ommochrome granules. Together with tertiary pigment cells, it secretes the lens between the facets.
secondary pigment cell pigment granule [FBbt_00004236]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some secondary pigment cell (FBbt:00004232).
SIP058 [FBbt_20002362]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SIP058 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VLPd&p1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
SIP062 [FBbt_20002366]
Adult neuron belonging to group 062 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the superior intermediate protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, superior medial protocerebrum, anterior optic tubercle, posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils, superior neuropils and superior intermediate protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the superior medial protocerebrum, anterior optic tubercle, ventrolateral neuropils, superior neuropils and superior intermediate protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020).
SIP063 [FBbt_20002367]
Adult neuron belonging to group 063 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the superior intermediate protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the optic lobe, lobula, superior medial protocerebrum, posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrolateral neuropils, superior neuropils and superior intermediate protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the superior medial protocerebrum, superior neuropils and superior intermediate protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020).
SLP219 [FBbt_20002613]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SLP219 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
SLP233 [FBbt_20002627]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SLP233 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
SLP249 [FBbt_20002643]
Adult anterior-projecting DN3 neuron with its soma lateral to the lateral horn (Sun et al., 2022; Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPpl1 hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It remains ipsilateral, receiving input in the superior and posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its main output regions are the superior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp and anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
SLP250 [FBbt_20002644]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SLP250 group, with its soma in the brain, near to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPpl1 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral accessory medulla, the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral medulla and the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
SLP339 [FBbt_20002733]
Adult neuron belonging to group 339 of the terra incognita neurons with substantial synapsing in the superior lateral protocerebrum (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has postsynaptic sites in the mushroom body, optic lobe, lobula, superior lateral protocerebrum, superior medial protocerebrum, inferior neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, mushroom body dorsal accessory calyx, ventrolateral neuropils and superior neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020). It has presynaptic sites in the mushroom body, superior lateral protocerebrum, superior medial protocerebrum, inferior neuropils, posterior lateral protocerebrum, superior clamp, inferior clamp, mushroom body dorsal accessory calyx, ventrolateral neuropils and superior neuropils (Scheffer et al., 2020).
SLP357 [FBbt_20002751]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SLP357 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPpl2 hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 4 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
SLP448 [FBbt_20002842]
Adult neuron that receives input in the lobula and has outputs in the dorsal accessory calyx and the superior lateral protocerebrum (Li et al., 2020). It receives input in around 20 columns of lobula layer 6 (Nern et al., 2025). It does not target any other parts of the mushroom body (Li et al., 2020). There is one of these cells per hemisphere, with its cell body medial to the optic lobe (Li et al., 2020). It provides input to alpha/beta posterior Kenyon cells (Li et al., 2020).
SLP449 [FBbt_20002843]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SLP449 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior-lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the VPNp&v1 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
SLP453 [FBbt_20002847]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SLP453 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lateral horn, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
SMP241 [FBbt_20003103]
Adult visual projection neuron of the SMP241 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral superior intermediate protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
subretinal pigment layer [FBbt_00111301]
Thick layer of pigmented cells that lies directly underneath the retina, surrounded by the pigment rim, and immediately below the basal lamina of the retina. The pigment cells in this layer contain the same pigments as secondary and tertiary pigment cells. Subretinal glial cells are also found in this layer.
T neuron [FBbt_00003726]
Intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe that has its cell body in the posterior part of the optic lobe and a cell body fiber that bifurcates in the second optic chiasma (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It has two branches, each targeting a different neuropil adjacent to the second optic chiasma (lobula, lobula plate and medulla) (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
T1 [FBbt_00003727]
An intrinsic columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the medulla. The fiber of the T1 cell body branches at the medulla surface to form a T-shaped linking fiber between a bush-like arborization in the distal part of a medulla column (M1 and M2), and a bundle of climbing fibers in the equivalent column of the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Synaptic connections in the lamina are exclusively postsynaptic and include a large number of connections from lamina intrinsic (amacrine) neurons (Meinertzhagen and O’Neil, 1991; Rivera-Alba et al., 2011). In the medulla, it is strongly synapsed by centrifugal neuron C3 in medulla layer M2 and lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2013). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
T2 [FBbt_00003728]
T neuron with its soma posteriorly adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects along the proximal surface of the medulla before branching in the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, forming fine arborizations in M1, M2 and M5. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches. It seems to be capable of cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
T2a [FBbt_00003729]
T neuron with its soma posteriorly adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects along the proximal surface of the medulla before branching in the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, bifurcating in medulla layer M5 and forming fine arbors throughout layers M1-4. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches.
T3 [FBbt_00003730]
T neuron with its soma posteriorly adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects along the proximal surface of the medulla before branching in the second optic chiasm (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). One branch forms a bushy, fine, terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and the other forms a terminal arborization in lobula layers 2 and 3 with mix of bleb-type and fine terminal branches (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It seems to be capable of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
T4 [FBbt_00003731]
T neuron with its cell body posterior to the lobula plate and a cell body fiber that projects through the lobula plate and via the second optic chiasma, with little or no arborization, to medulla layer 10 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It forms a fine arborization in medulla layers M9 and M10 and its axon then doubles back across the second optic chiasma to form bleb-type arborizations in a single layer of the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is a cholinergic neuron (Mauss et al., 2014; Shinomiya et al., 2014). There are a large number of these cells, which are generated from neuroblasts that amplify by symmetric division (type III) before generating the T4 (and T5) neurons (Mora et al., 2018).
T4a [FBbt_00003732]
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4ai neuron [FBbt_00052241]
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4ai neuron [FBbt_00052241]
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4aii neuron [FBbt_00052242]
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4aii neuron [FBbt_00052242]
T4a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4b [FBbt_00003733]
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4bi neuron [FBbt_00052243]
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4bi neuron [FBbt_00052243]
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4bii neuron [FBbt_00052244]
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4bii neuron [FBbt_00052244]
T4b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4c [FBbt_00003734]
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 3 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in an upwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T4d [FBbt_00003735]
T4 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 4 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a downwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5 [FBbt_00003736]
T neuron with its cell body in the lobula plate cell body rind and a cell body fiber that projects through the lobula plate and via the second optic chiasma, with little or no arborization, to lobula layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It forms a fine arborization in lobula layer 1, then its axon doubles back across the second optic chiasma to form bleb-type arborizations in a single layer of the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is a cholinergic neuron (Mauss et al., 2014; Shinomiya et al., 2014). There are a large number of these cells, which are generated from neuroblasts that amplify by symmetric division (type III) before generating the T5 (and T4) neurons (Mora et al., 2018).
T5a [FBbt_00003737]
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5ai neuron [FBbt_00052245]
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5ai neuron [FBbt_00052245]
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5aii neuron [FBbt_00052246]
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5aii neuron [FBbt_00052246]
T5a neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward front-to-back direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5b [FBbt_00003738]
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a diagonal back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5bi neuron [FBbt_00052247]
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5bi neuron [FBbt_00052247]
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal downward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5bii neuron [FBbt_00052248]
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5bii neuron [FBbt_00052248]
T5b neuron that responds to motion in a diagonal upward back-to-front direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5c [FBbt_00003739]
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 3 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in an upwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
T5d [FBbt_00003740]
T5 neuron with its lobula plate arbor in layer 4 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It responds to motion in a downwards direction (Henning et al., 2022).
tertiary pigment cell [FBbt_00004233]
Interommatidial pigment cell that lies between the vertices of adjacent ommatidia. Except at the margins of the eye, vertices alternate between those with tertiary pigment cells and those with bristles. Vertices at the margins all have tertiary pigment cells. These cells contain the red screening pigment pteridine, as well as ommochrome granules. Together with secondary pigment cells, it secretes the lens between the facets.
tertiary pigment cell pigment granule [FBbt_00004237]
Any pigment granule (FBbt:00004234) that is part of some tertiary pigment cell (FBbt:00004233).
tiny visual local interneuron [FBbt_00047746]
Larval third order visual interneuron that is small in size. Its dendrites are restricted to the proximal larval optic neuropil, but it projects back to the intermediate and distal LON regions.
Tl1 [FBbt_00048133]
Translobula neuron found at least in the columns subserving the most frontal visual field. It arborizes in most layers of the lobula and lobula plate.
Tl2 [FBbt_00048134]
Translobula neuron that bifurcates and arborizes in the middle layers of the lobula. Both branches innervate all layers of the lobula plate.
Tlp [FBbt_00003890]
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula plate, and that arborizes in the lobula and lobula plate.
Tlp1 [FBbt_00003891]
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 20 columns of lobula plate layer 4, but also layers 2-3 (Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in the lobula plate, particularly in layer 4 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has pre- and post-synapses mainly in layers 4-5A, spanning around 5 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). There are around 65-70 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tlp14 [FBbt_00052866]
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 50 columns of lobula plate layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in lobula plate layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it arborizes in layer 4, in a small number of columns (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2024). There are around 25-30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tlp2 [FBbt_00003892]
Translobula plate neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-type terminals. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula plate layer 1, but only fine, bushy arborizations in lobula plate layer 2. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tlp3 [FBbt_00003893]
Translobula plate neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with both fine and bleb-type terminals. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula plate layer 3 and 4. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Tlp4 [FBbt_00003894]
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 30 columns of lobula plate layer 3, spreading into layer 2 (Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in lobula plate layers 2-3 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has pre- and post-synapses mainly in layers 4-5A, in around 5 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Some of these cells have a branch that enters the medulla (Matsliah et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2024). There are around 40-60 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tlp5 [FBbt_00003895]
Translobula plate neuron that receives input mainly in around 30 columns of lobula plate layer 1, but also layers 2-3 (Nern et al., 2025). There are also a smaller number of presynapses in the lobula plate, particularly in layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has pre- and post-synapses mainly in layers 4-5A, spanning around 20 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2024). There are around 30 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm [FBbt_00003788]
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the distal cortex of the medulla and that projects through the medulla and optic chiasm into the lobula. All neurons arborize in the lobula and most, but not all, in the medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm#1 (FAFB:11544670) [VFB_001029ek]
Tm#1, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron; Tm#1 (FAFB:11544670)]
Tm#10 (FAFB:11469205) [VFB_001029dr]
Tm#10, FBbt:00003788 [Tm#10 (FAFB:11469205); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#11 (FAFB:11458352) [VFB_001029dc]
Tm#11, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#11 (FAFB:11458352); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#12 (FAFB:11448400) [VFB_001029cc]
Tm#12, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#12 (FAFB:11448400); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#13 (FAFB:10649076) [VFB_001029be]
Tm#13, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#13 (FAFB:10649076); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#14 (FAFB:14767205) [VFB_001029h0]
Tm#14, FBbt:00003788 [Tm#14 (FAFB:14767205); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#15 (FAFB:15805231) [VFB_001029he]
Tm#15, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Tm#15 (FAFB:15805231); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#16 (FAFB:11749585) [VFB_001029ew]
Tm#16, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#16 (FAFB:11749585); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#17 (FAFB:10657484) [VFB_001029bp]
Tm#17, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#17 (FAFB:10657484); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#18 (FAFB:10547528) [VFB_001029b9]
Tm#18, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#18 (FAFB:10547528); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#2 (FAFB:11671249) [VFB_001029en]
Tm#2, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm#2 (FAFB:11671249); transmedullary neuron]
Tm#3 (FAFB:10692407) [VFB_001029br]
Tm#3, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm#3 (FAFB:10692407); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#4 (FAFB:11474295) [VFB_001029e8]
Tm#4, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm#4 (FAFB:11474295); transmedullary neuron]
Tm#5 (FAFB:11458216) [VFB_001029db]
Tm#5, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron; Tm#5 (FAFB:11458216)]
Tm#6 (FAFB:11455043) [VFB_001029d4]
Tm#6, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#6 (FAFB:11455043); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#7 (FAFB:11445920) [VFB_001029c4]
Tm#7, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#7 (FAFB:11445920); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#8 (FAFB:11459160) [VFB_001029dg]
Tm#8, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm#8 (FAFB:11459160); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm#9 (FAFB:11450247) [VFB_001029ck]
Tm#9, FBbt:00003788 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm#9 (FAFB:11450247); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron]
Tm1 [FBbt_00003789]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 1 with a bleb-type terminal arborization and that has fine arborizations in medulla layer M2 and bleb-type arborizations in M3 and M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2011). In the medulla, it receives strong synaptic input from lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Takemura et al., 2011; Takemura et al., 2013). It outputs onto T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2019). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011; Shinomiya et al., 2014). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm10 [FBbt_00003798]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layers 2, 3 and 4 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M6 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layer M1.
Tm11 [FBbt_00003799]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M6, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M6 and M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm12 [FBbt_00003800]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 3 and 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M6 and M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm13 [FBbt_00003801]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M4 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M2, M3 and M4.
Tm14 [FBbt_00003802]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M1 and M2.
Tm15 [FBbt_00003803]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4, M5 and M10, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M3 and M8. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm16 [FBbt_00003804]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6 with fine arborizations, and with bleb-type arborizations in layers 5 and 6. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M4, M5, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M3, M4, M5, M8 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm17 [FBbt_00003805]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M8 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm18 [FBbt_00003806]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2m M3, M4 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M4.
Tm19 [FBbt_00003807]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 6 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations, and bleb-type arborizations in layers 4 and 5. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M8 and M10, and has bleb-type arborizations in layer M3.
Tm1a [FBbt_00048135]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 1 with a bleb-type terminal arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm2 [FBbt_00003790]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that has its main dendritic arborization in medulla layer M2 (Ting et al., 2014), where it receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Takemura et al., 2011), and additional postsynaptic terminals in M4-M5, where it receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L4 (Takemura et al., 2011). It has presynaptic terminals in layers M3, M4 and M9 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2011). Its axon follows the posterior edge of its cognate medulla column (Ting et al., 2014), then crosses the second optic chiasma to terminate in lobula layers 1 and 2 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In layer 1 it outputs to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2014). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011; Gao et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2011). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm20 [FBbt_00003808]
Transmedullary neuron that has dendritic arborization in medulla layers M1-M3, as well as presynaptic sites in M8 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Gao et al., 2008). In the medulla, it spans just one column (Kind et al., 2021), and receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L3 (Takemura et al., 2013) and an R8 photoreceptor (Kind et al., 2021). Its axon follows the anterior edge of its cognate medulla column (Ting et al., 2014), then crosses the second optic chiasma and projects to lobula layer 5 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Gao et al., 2008). It provides input to the lobula intrinsic neuron Li4 via many synapses (Lin et al., 2016). It is a cholinergic neuron (Gao et al., 2008). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm20#1 (FAFB:11444392) [VFB_001029bz]
Tm20#1, FBbt:00003808 [Tm20#1 (FAFB:11444392); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#2 (FAFB:11450552) [VFB_001029cp]
Tm20#2, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm20#2 (FAFB:11450552); transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#3 (FAFB:10423774) [VFB_001029aw]
Tm20#3, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm20#3 (FAFB:10423774); transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#4 (FAFB:11473668) [VFB_001029e6]
Tm20#4, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; Tm20#4 (FAFB:11473668); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#5 (FAFB:12018769) [VFB_001029ge]
Tm20#5, FBbt:00003808 [Tm20#5 (FAFB:12018769); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#6 (FAFB:11918619) [VFB_001029ff]
Tm20#6, FBbt:00003808 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm20#6 (FAFB:11918619); transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm20#7 (FAFB:10655481) [VFB_001029bj]
Tm20#7, FBbt:00003808 [Tm20#7 (FAFB:10655481); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; transmedullary neuron Tm20; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm21 [FBbt_00003809]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 2 and 3 with fine arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M8 and M9.
Tm22 [FBbt_00003810]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 6 fine arborizations, and in lobula layers 4 and 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M4, M6 and M8, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M6 and M8. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm23 [FBbt_00003811]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layers 1 and 2 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It does not show any arborization in the medulla.
Tm24 [FBbt_00003812]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It does not show any arborizations in the medulla (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm25 [FBbt_00003813]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M4, M5, M6 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M5 and M8. It is a GABAergic neuron.
Tm26 [FBbt_00003814]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, the serpentine layer, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layer M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm27 [FBbt_00003815]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4. It also has arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, M5, M8, M9 and M10 (Hasegawa et al., 2011).
Tm28 [FBbt_00003816]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2 and M3 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm29 [FBbt_00049916]
Transmedullary neuron that receives most of its input in around 5 columns of medulla layer M6, where it also has a small number of presynapses (Nern et al., 2025). It also has a small amount of arborization in the rest of M3-M8 (Nern et al., 2025). It crosses the second optic chiasm and has mixed pre- and post-synapses in around 3 columns of lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It is glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020). There are around 170-270 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm3 [FBbt_00003791]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 1 and 4 with bleb-like terminal arborizations. It has fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, and M5, and has bleb-type arborization in medulla layers M1, M4, M9 and M10 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Pre-synaptic terminals are present mainly in medulla layers M9-M10, but also in all other layers where neurites extend laterally (Pankova and Borst, 2017). It receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L1 and L5 and medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1 and it outputs to T4 neurons (Takemura et al., 2013). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic (Pankova & Borst, 2017) and GABAergic (Raghu et al., 2013) neurotransmission.
Tm3-6 [FBbt_00110129]
Transmedullary neuron that arborizes in medulla layers M3, M6, M7-M10, and projects to the lobula (Morante and Desplan, 2008).
Tm30 [FBbt_00053512]
Transmedullary neuron that has pre- and post-synapses in medulla layer M6 and lobula layers 5A-5B, in around 10 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be GABAergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 55-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm31 [FBbt_00053513]
Transmedullary neuron that spans around 5-10 columns in the medulla and lobula (Nern et al., 2025). In the medulla, it has pre-synapses in layer M7 and post-synapses mainly in layers M6-M8, with a smaller number in layers M2-M4 (Nern et al., 2025). In the lobula, it has inputs and outputs in layers 5A-6 in around 5-10 columns (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 55-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm32 [FBbt_00053514]
Transmedullary neuron that has pre- and post-synapses in around 25 columns of medulla layers M7-M8 and around 15 columns of lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 55-60 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm33 [FBbt_00053515]
Transmedullary neuron that has postsynapses in medulla layers M6 and M7-M8, and pre- and post-synapses lobula layers 5A-5B, in around 5 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 110-140 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm34 [FBbt_00053516]
Transmedullary neuron that has pre- and post-synapses in medulla layer M7 and lobula layer 6, in around 5-10 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 75-90 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm35 [FBbt_00053517]
Transmedullary neuron that has presynapses in medulla layers M6-M8, and pre- and post-synapses in lobula layers 5A-5B, in around 5 columns of each (Nern et al., 2025). Its soma is found distal to the medulla (Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are around 35-45 of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm37 [FBbt_20007274]
Adult transmedullary neuron with its soma anterior-lateral to the medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). In the medulla, it is mostly postsynaptic in layers M3-M8, spanning around 5 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It has pre- and post-synapses in 1 or 2 columns of lobula layers 4-6 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is glutamate (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 250 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm39 [FBbt_00053406]
Transmedullary neuron that receives most of its input in around 5 columns of medulla layers M4, M6 and M7-M8, where it also has a small number of presynapses in each innervation region (Nern et al., 2025). It crosses the second optic chiasm and has mixed pre- and post-synapses in around 3 columns of lobula layers 5A-5B (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Nern et al., 2025). There are around 200 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm3b [FBbt_00110071]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layers 1 and 4 with bleb-like terminal arborizations. It has fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, and M5, and has bleb-type arborization in medulla layers M1, M4, M9 and M10 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It has a small branch at medulla layer M8 that projects towards medulla layer M10, which distinguishes it from the Tm3a (Tm3) neuron (Hasegawa et al., 2011).
Tm3Y [FBbt_00003830]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-like terminal arborizations. It has fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, and M5, and has bleb-type arborization in medulla layers M1, M4, M9 and M10. It differs from the transmedullary neuron Tm3 or TmY3 in that an individual of a retinotopic set may or may not form branches in the lobula plate.
Tm4 [FBbt_00003792]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 1, 2 and 4 with bleb-type arborizations, and with fine arborizations in layer 3. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M2, M4, and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In the medulla, receives input from lamina monopolar neuron L2 and centrifugal neuron C3 (Takemura et al., 2013). In lobula layer 1, it outputs to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2014). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm4a [FBbt_00110075]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4. It also has arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4 and M9. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm5 [FBbt_00003793]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M3 and M6 and other, depending on the subtype. It has bleb-type terminals in layers M6 and M8. It has three subtypes.
Tm5-like#1 (FAFB:12016006) [VFB_001029ga]
Tm5-like#1, FBbt:00003793 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5-like#1 (FAFB:12016006); transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5-like#2 (FAFB:12017354) [VFB_001029gc]
Tm5-like#2, FBbt:00003793 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm5-like#2 (FAFB:12017354); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5a [FBbt_00110072]
Transmedullary Tm5 neuron that is centered on a single yellow column in the medulla and arborizes in the M3, M6 and M8 layers, reaching some neighboring columns laterally (Kind et al., 2021). It selectively receives input from the R7 (and not R8) photoreceptor of its central column (Kind et al., 2021). Its axon terminates in lobula layer 5B after a characteristic reversal of direction (Kind et al., 2021). It provides input to the lobula intrinsic neuron Li4 via many synapses, and also to the lobula tangential neuron LT11 (Lin et al., 2016). It is a cholinergic neuron (Karuppudurai et al., 2014).
Tm5a-like#1 (FAFB:11481724) [VFB_001029ec]
Tm5a-like#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm5a-like#1 (FAFB:11481724); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5a#1 (FAFB:11447183) [VFB_001029c6]
Tm5a#1, FBbt:00110072 [transmedullary neuron Tm5a; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5a#1 (FAFB:11447183)]
Tm5a#2 (FAFB:11453106) [VFB_001029ct]
Tm5a#2, FBbt:00110072 [transmedullary neuron Tm5a; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5a#2 (FAFB:11453106); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm5b [FBbt_00110073]
Transmedullary Tm5 neuron that extends two or three vertical main dendritic branches in the medulla, spanning around five columns, from which branches spread laterally into layers M3, M6 and M8 (Kind et al., 2021). It receives most of its inner (R7/R8) photoreceptor input from the R7 photoreceptors of pale ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). Its axon innervates lobula layer 5 (Kind et al., 2021). It provides input to the lobula intrinsic neuron Li4 via many synapses (Lin et al., 2016). It is a cholinergic neuron (Karuppudurai et al., 2014).
Tm5b-like#1 (FAFB:11447920) [VFB_001029ca]
Tm5b-like#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5b-like#1 (FAFB:11447920); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5b-like#2 (FAFB:11447510) [VFB_001029c8]
Tm5b-like#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5b-like#2 (FAFB:11447510); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5b-like#3 (FAFB:11468646) [VFB_001029dq]
Tm5b-like#3 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; Tm5b-like#3 (FAFB:11468646); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5]
Tm5b#1 (FAFB:11448827) [VFB_001029cf]
Tm5b#1, FBbt:00110073 [transmedullary neuron Tm5b; Tm5b#1 (FAFB:11448827); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm5b#2 (FAFB:10356412) [VFB_001029ao]
Tm5b#2, FBbt:00110073 [transmedullary neuron Tm5b; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm5b#2 (FAFB:10356412); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
Tm5c [FBbt_00110074]
Transmedullary Tm5 neuron that spans around eight medulla columns with lateral branches expanding out into the M1, M3 and M6 layers from a single vertical dendrite (Kind et al., 2021). It preferentially receives input from R8 (rather than R7) photoreceptor cells, and in most, but not all, cases these cells are selective for yellow (rather than pale) ommatidia (Kind et al., 2021). Its R8 input is mainly in layer M3 and it also receives input from the distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8 in layer M6 (Karuppudurai et al., 2014). Its axon terminates near the boundary between lobula layers 5 and 6, with some cells having a branch in layer 4 (Kind et al., 2021). It provides input to the lobula intrinsic neuron Li4 via many synapses (Lin et al., 2016). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Gao et al., 2008; Karuppudurai et al., 2014).
Tm5c#1 (FAFB:11450505) [VFB_001029co]
Tm5c#1, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5c#1 (FAFB:11450505); transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#2 (FAFB:11470102) [VFB_001029du]
Tm5c#2, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5c#2 (FAFB:11470102); transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#3 (FAFB:11449560) [VFB_001029ci]
Tm5c#3, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; Tm5c#3 (FAFB:11449560); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#4 (FAFB:11574443) [VFB_001029el]
Tm5c#4, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5c#4 (FAFB:11574443); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#5 (FAFB:11473478) [VFB_001029e4]
Tm5c#5, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; Tm5c#5 (FAFB:11473478); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5c#6 (FAFB:11485094) [VFB_001029ef]
Tm5c#6, FBbt:00110074 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; Tm5c#6 (FAFB:11485094); transmedullary neuron Tm5c]
Tm5Y [FBbt_00003831]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 4 and 5 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M3, M4, M5, M6, M8 and the serpentine layer, and has bleb-type terminals in layers M6 and M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It differs from transmedullary neuron Tm and transmedullary Y neuron TmY5 in that individuals of a retinotopic set may or may not form branches in the lobula plate (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Tm6 [FBbt_00003794]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M1, M2, M8 and M9.
Tm7 [FBbt_00003795]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5 with both fine and bleb-type arborizations. It has fine arborizations in medulla layers M3, M4, M6 and M8, and bleb-type arborizations in layer M6 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm8 [FBbt_00003796]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 5 and 6 with bleb-type arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M4, M6, M8 and M9, and has bleb-type arborizations in layers M4 and M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
Tm9 [FBbt_00003797]
Transmedullary narrow field neuron that has most of its dendritic arborization in medulla layers M2 and M3, with some extensions into M1, M4 and M5 (Gao et al., 2008; Ting et al., 2014), and presynapses in M3 (Gao et al., 2008). Its axon follows the posterior edge of its cognate medulla column (Ting et al., 2014), then crosses in the second optic chiasma and terminates in lobula layer 1 (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Ting et al., 2014), where it outputs to T5 neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2014). It is a cholinergic neuron (Gao et al., 2008; Shinomiya et al., 2014). It expresses the transcription factor sim (Ozel et al., 2021). There is usually one of these cells per optic column (Nern et al., 2025).
Tm9a [FBbt_00058233]
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the dorsal half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt10 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
Tm9b [FBbt_00058234]
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the ventral half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt4 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
TmY [FBbt_00003817]
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the distal cortex of the medulla and that arborizes in the medulla and branches in the second optic chiasm with one branch innervating the lobula and the other the lobula plate.
TmY-ds [FBbt_00052643]
Transmedullary Y neuron with arborization in medulla layers 5, 9 and 10, lobula layer 1 and all four lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023). It has inputs and outputs in the lobula and medulla layers 9 and 10 and has inputs in each lobula plate layer and medulla layer 5 (Zhao et al., 2023). These neurons form reciprocal connections with T4/T5 neurons and contribute to their direction-selectivity (Zhao et al., 2023).
TmY#1 (FAFB:12043437) [VFB_001029gg]
TmY#1, FBbt:00003817 [transmedullary Y neuron; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; TmY#1 (FAFB:12043437); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain]
TmY1 [FBbt_00003818]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 2 and 4 with bleb-type arborizations, and in lobula plate layers 1 and 4 with fine arborizations. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M9 and M10 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
TmY10 [FBbt_00003828]
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 5 and 6, and in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3, M6 and M8, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M4 and the serpentine layer. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
TmY10#1 (FAFB:11449411) [VFB_001029ch]
TmY10#1, FBbt:00003828 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; transmedullary Y neuron TmY10; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; TmY10#1 (FAFB:11449411)]
TmY11 [FBbt_00003829]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with fine arborizations in lobula plate layers 1 and 3, and has bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4 and 5, and in lobula plate layer 3. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M3, and has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M8, M9 and M10 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
TmY12 [FBbt_00110076]
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates in lobula layer 3 and lobula plate layer 1. It displays arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3 and M9. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
TmY13 [FBbt_00111287]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates in lobula layers 4 and 5 and lobula plate layers 1-3. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M3-M4 and M8.
TmY14 [FBbt_00111286]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates in the lobula and lobula plate (Takemura et al., 2013). It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M3-M5 and M8-M10 (Takemura et al., 2013). Some of these cells have an axon that projects to the central brain, an unusual feature in TmY neurons (Takemura et al., 2013; Shinomiya et al., 2019; Matsliah et al., 2024), but this axon has very few synapses (Matsliah et al., 2024). It is glutamatergic (Konstantinides et al., 2022).
TmY15 [FBbt_00048246]
Transmedullary Y neuron that arborizes in multiple layers of the medulla. In layer M10, it spans more than 10 columns and its branches do not show obvious columnar subdivisions. It also arborizes in the lobula and lobula plate. It is GABAergic.
TmY16 [FBbt_00052859]
Transmedullary Y neuron with a broad arbor in the proximal medulla and lobula plate arborization mainly in layers 3-4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
TmY17 [FBbt_20011496]
Adult transmedullary Y neuron of the TmY17 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M8 and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla and lobula (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 178 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
TmY18 [FBbt_00049515]
Transmedullary Y neuron that arborizes in multiple layers of the medulla, including layers M3, M9 and M10 (Shinomiya et al., 2019). Its cell body is found in the medulla cortex (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
TmY19a [FBbt_20011497]
Adult transmedullary Y neuron of the TmY19a group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 1, lobula layer 2 and lobula layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla layer M9, medulla layer M10, lobula layer 2 and lobula layer 3 (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 43 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
TmY19b [FBbt_20011498]
Adult transmedullary Y neuron of the TmY19b group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4, lobula layer 5A and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral lobula layer 2, lobula layer 3, lobula layer 4 and lobula layer 5A (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is GABA (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 20 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
TmY2 [FBbt_00003819]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 3 and 4, and in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M8 and M9, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M6 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
TmY20 [FBbt_00052860]
Transmedullary Y neuron with little to no arborization in the medulla (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its lobula plate arborization is mainly in layer 1, where it receives a large amount of input from T4a and T5a neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has mostly presynaptic terminals in lobula layers 5 and 6 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
TmY21 [FBbt_20011499]
Adult transmedullary Y neuron of the TmY21 group (Nern et al., 2025). It receives input in the ipsilateral medulla and lobula layer 5B (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the ipsilateral medulla and lobula (Nern et al., 2025). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are approximately 165 of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
TmY27 [FBbt_00110067]
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates in lobula layer 4 and lobula plate. It displays arborizations in medulla layers M1, M4, M5, M8, M9 and M10 (Hasegawa et al., 2011).
TmY3 [FBbt_00003820]
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4 and lobula plate layer 4. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M4, M5, M6, M8, and M10, and has bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M5 and M10. It is cholinergic (Davis et al., 2020).
TmY4 [FBbt_00003821]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layer 4 and in lobula plate layers 2, 3 and 4, but shows only fine arborizations in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M8, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M3 and M4 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is cholinergic (Konstantinides et al., 2022).
TmY5 [FBbt_00003822]
Transmedullary Y narrow field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 5 and 6, and in lobula plate layers 1, 2, 3 and 4, but it has only fine arborizations in lobula layer 4. It has both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layer M10, but displays only fine arborizations in medulla layers M3, M5, M6, the serpentine layer, M8 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
TmY5a [FBbt_00003823]
Transmedullary Y narrow field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4, 5 and 6, and in lobula plate layer 3, but only has fine arborizations in lobula plate layer 1. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M6 and M8, and has fine arborizations in medulla layers M2, M3, M4, M5 and M9 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich (1989). It is glutamatergic (Davis et al., 2020).
TmY6 [FBbt_00003824]
Transmedullary Y neuron that arborizes in the lobula, lobula plate and medulla.
TmY7 [FBbt_00003825]
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layer 5, and in lobula plate layer 4, but only with fine arborizations in lobula layer 4 and lobula plate layer 3. It displays fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M3, M8, and M9.
TmY8 [FBbt_00003826]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with bleb-type arborizations in lobula layers 4 and 5, and in lobula plate layers 1 and 3. It displays bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M6 and M10, and has fine arborizations in medulla layers M1, M2, M4, M5 and M6 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is cholinergic (Konstantinides et al., 2022).
TmY9 [FBbt_00003827]
Transmedullary Y wide-field neuron that terminates with both fine and bleb-type arborizations in lobula layer 5, and in lobula plate layers 1 and 2. It displays both fine and bleb-type arborizations in medulla layers M3 and M8, but has only fine arborizations in medulla layer M4 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It seems to be capable of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission (Varija Raghu et al., 2011; Raghu et al., 2013).
translobula neuron [FBbt_00048132]
An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lobula, and that arborizes in the lobula and lobula plate.
translobula plate neuron Tlp11 [FBbt_00052863]
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layer 1, with some also in layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has a fairly wide arbor in the lobula (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
translobula plate neuron Tlp12 [FBbt_00052864]
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layers 2 and 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
translobula plate neuron Tlp13 [FBbt_00052865]
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layers 2 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
translobula plate neuron Tlp14 [FBbt_00052866]
Translobula plate neuron with most of its lobula plate arborization in layer 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
translobula plate neuron vGlutTlpnew1 [FBbt_00110099]
Translobula plate neuron with dendritic terminals in lobula layers 4 to 6 and in all layers of the lobula plate. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
transmedullary neuron ChaTmnew1 [FBbt_00110077]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layers 5 and 6. It also has arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M6 and M7. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
transmedullary neuron ChaTmnew2 [FBbt_00110078]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 5. It also has arborizations in medulla layers M5, M6, M7, M8 and M9. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
transmedullary neuron ChaTmnew3 [FBbt_00110079]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layer 1. It also has arborizations in medulla layers M4, M5, M7, M8 and M9. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
transmedullary neuron Tm9a [FBbt_00058233]
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the dorsal half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt10 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
transmedullary neuron Tm9b [FBbt_00058234]
Transmedullary neuron Tm9 that targets the ventral half of the lobula. It is distinguished from other Tm9 neurons by its expression of Wnt4 (Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020).
transmedullary neuron TmLM7 [FBbt_00110131]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that arborizes extensively in medulla layer M7, and also in M8-M10. The finest terminals in the medulla are dendritic, forming post-synaptic terminals. It projects to the lobula (Morante and Desplan, 2008).
transmedullary neuron TmLM8 [FBbt_00110132]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that arborizes extensively in medulla layer M8, and also in M9-M10. The finest terminals in the medulla are dendritic, forming post-synaptic terminals. It projects to the lobula (Morante and Desplan, 2008).
transmedullary neuron TmR7 P and Y [FBbt_00110130]
Transmedullary wide-field neuron that arborizes in medulla layers M3, M7 and M8. It enters the medulla along a specific column and then extending its arborizations to cover two to ten columns. It projects to the lobula (Morante and Desplan, 2008).
transmedullary neuron vGATTmnew [FBbt_00110981]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates branches in layers M4 and M5, and terminates in lobula layer 6. It is a GABAergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011). It is a GABAergic neuron.
transmedullary neuron vGlutTmnew1 [FBbt_00110090]
Transmedullary neuron that terminates in lobula layers 2 and 3. It also has arborizations in medulla layers M2, M4, M5, M6 and M7. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
transmedullary Y neuron ChaTmYnew1 [FBbt_00110081]
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates in lobula layers 2, 3 and 4 and layer 1 of lobula plate. It displays arborizations in medulla layers M4 to M9. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011).
transmedullary Y neuron TmY-ds [FBbt_00052643]
Transmedullary Y neuron with arborization in medulla layers 5, 9 and 10, lobula layer 1 and all four lobula plate layers (Zhao et al., 2023). It has inputs and outputs in the lobula and medulla layers 9 and 10 and has inputs in each lobula plate layer and medulla layer 5 (Zhao et al., 2023). These neurons form reciprocal connections with T4/T5 neurons and contribute to their direction-selectivity (Zhao et al., 2023).
transmedullary Y neuron TmY16 [FBbt_00052859]
Transmedullary Y neuron with a broad arbor in the proximal medulla and lobula plate arborization mainly in layers 3-4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
transmedullary Y neuron TmY20 [FBbt_00052860]
Transmedullary Y neuron with little to no arborization in the medulla (Shinomiya et al., 2022). Its lobula plate arborization is mainly in layer 1, where it receives a large amount of input from T4a and T5a neurons (Shinomiya et al., 2022). It has mostly presynaptic terminals in lobula layers 5 and 6 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
transmedullary Y neuron vGlutTmYnew1 [FBbt_00110091]
Transmedullary Y neuron that terminates in lobula layer 1 and in the four layers of the lobula plate. It displays arborizations in medulla layers M7-M10 (Jagadish et al., 2014, Raghu and Borst, 2011). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
TuTuB_a [FBbt_00051491]
Neuron that connects the lateral zones of the anterior optic tubercle neuropils of both hemispheres and has a relatively medial arborization domain in each.
TuTuB_b [FBbt_00051490]
Neuron that connects the lateral zones of the anterior optic tubercle neuropils of both hemispheres and has a relatively lateral arborization domain in each.
type 1 lobula plate-lobula neuron [FBbt_00047871]
Adult neuron that branches at the ventral side of the lobula, with one branch innervating the lobula and continuing to the lobula plate and one branch projecting to the central brain. Neurons of this class are characterized by a loose arrangement of branchlets that meander through lobula plate strata 2-5 (layers 2-4). In the lobula, it gives rise to stratified fields that nearly reach the lobula inner surface.
uLPTCrn [FBbt_00053518]
Adult unilateral interneuron that forms strong reciprocal connections with contralateral H2 and ipsilateral horizontal and vertical system cells in the inferior posterior slope (Erginkaya et al., 2025). It is GABAergic (Erginkaya et al., 2025). There are approximately 6 of these cells per hemisphere (Erginkaya et al., 2025).
V1 [FBbt_00052270]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that innervates the contralateral lobula plate (LOP) layers 1 and 3, as well as the ipsilateral posterior slope (IPS) (Wei et al., 2020). Its contralateral projection bifurcates, with a dorsal branch innervating the medial part of LOP layer 3-4, with mainly pre-synapses, and a ventral branch innervating LOP layer 1, with mixed pre- and post-synapses (Wei et al., 2020; Nern et al., 2025). It innervates around 30 columns with each of these branches (Nern et al., 2025). Its IPS terminals are postsynaptic (Wei et al., 2020). Its soma is located on the posterior surface of the brain, close to the midline, around the level of the protocerebral bridge (Wei et al., 2020). It is cholinergic (Wei et al., 2020). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Nern et al., 2025).
vCal1 [FBbt_20001627]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron of the calyx group with its soma posterior to the lateral horn (Zhao et al., 2023; Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the SLPp&v1 ventral hemilineage (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It receives input in the ipsilateral lobula plate, mainly in layers 2 and 4, from around 50 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
vCal2 [FBbt_00053417]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron of the calyx group that arborizes in the ventral part of the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 4 visual field (Zhao et al., 2023), receiving input from around 100 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be glutamatergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
vCal3 [FBbt_00053418]
Adult lobula plate tangential neuron of the calyx group that arborizes in most of the ipsilateral lobula plate layer 3 visual field (Zhao et al., 2023), receiving input from around 200 columns (Nern et al., 2025). It sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). There is one of these cells on each side (Nern et al., 2025).
VCH [FBbt_00048127]
Centrifugal horizontal neuron that arborizes in the ventral part of lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018).
vertical system-like neuron [FBbt_00048128]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that resembles a vertical system neuron, but with a smaller diameter and sparser dendrites (Boergens et al., 2018). It receives input in lobula plate layer 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
VES015 [FBbt_20003481]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the VES015 group, with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral vest, the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the contralateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
VES026 [FBbt_20003492]
Adult visual centrifugal neuron of the VES026 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior to the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope, the ipsilateral vest, the contralateral lobula, the gnathal ganglia and the ipsilateral crepine (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the contralateral lobula, the contralateral superior posterior slope and the contralateral lateral accessory lobe (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is gaba (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
VES044 [FBbt_20003510]
Adult visual projection neuron of the VES044 group, with its soma in the brain, lateral to the lateral horn (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It belongs to the LHl4 posterior hemilineage (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral vest, the ipsilateral superior posterior slope and the ipsilateral inferior bridge (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 6 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
VES080 [FBbt_20003546]
Adult visual projection neuron of the VES080 group, with its soma in the brain, posterior-lateral to the superior posterior slope (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It is a putative embryonic-born neuron (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral vest, the gnathal ganglia, the ipsilateral superior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum, the ipsilateral superior clamp, the ipsilateral inferior bridge and the ipsilateral inferior clamp (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 2 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
VGlut-F-000227 [VFB_00014700]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-000263 [VFB_00014335]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-000349 [VFB_00015039]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-000425 [VFB_00012896]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-000586 [VFB_00007916]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-000590 [VFB_00007942]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-000625 [VFB_00006906]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-100144 [VFB_00006085]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-100216 [VFB_00012984]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
VGlut-F-100227 [VFB_00013110]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-100307 [VFB_00008824]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-100330 [VFB_00008671]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-200028 [VFB_00015637]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-200255 [VFB_00014955]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-200311 [VFB_00015350]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-200385 [VFB_00013160]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-200442 [VFB_00011082]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-200508 [VFB_00008825]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-200532 [VFB_00007937]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-300109 [VFB_00015482]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-300192 [VFB_00014355]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-300226 [VFB_00014904]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-300239 [VFB_00014995]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-300277 [VFB_00015200]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-300426 [VFB_00010954]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
VGlut-F-300536 [VFB_00007973]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-400113 [VFB_00015499]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400130 [VFB_00015516]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-400202 [VFB_00014477]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-400230 [VFB_00014544]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400315 [VFB_00014771]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-400327 [VFB_00014809]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400342 [VFB_00014911]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-400348 [VFB_00014928]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-400420 [VFB_00010243]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400421 [VFB_00012743]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400465 [VFB_00012905]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-400480 [VFB_00012996]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400481 [VFB_00012997]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400493 [VFB_00013073]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-400499 [VFB_00013097]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-400656 [VFB_00011682]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
VGlut-F-400657 [VFB_00011683]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
VGlut-F-400792 [VFB_00007431]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-400830 [VFB_00006851]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-400833 [VFB_00006854]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-400896 [VFB_00005739]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-500110 [VFB_00014524]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500131 [VFB_00014616]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500295 [VFB_00012834]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500340 [VFB_00013054]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500350 [VFB_00013065]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-500387 [VFB_00011943]
expression pattern fragment; lobula tangential neuron LT12
VGlut-F-500535 [VFB_00008453]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500641 [VFB_00009284]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500643 [VFB_00009286]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500645 [VFB_00009018]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500669 [VFB_00009087]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500729 [VFB_00007960]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
VGlut-F-500733 [VFB_00006706]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500737 [VFB_00006710]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-500754 [VFB_00006809]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-500799 [VFB_00006521]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
VGlut-F-500814 [VFB_00006595]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500822 [VFB_00006610]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500825 [VFB_00006613]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-500853 [VFB_00005767]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-500873 [VFB_00005860]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600043 [VFB_00014994]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-600137 [VFB_00006102]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600157 [VFB_00006108]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600222 [VFB_00011824]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-600244 [VFB_00011848]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-600296 [VFB_00006030]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600304 [VFB_00012032]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600305 [VFB_00012033]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600376 [VFB_00012222]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600448 [VFB_00010982]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-600484 [VFB_00011166]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600493 [VFB_00011174]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-600522 [VFB_00008551]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600574 [VFB_00009242]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-600624 [VFB_00009153]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
VGlut-F-600644 [VFB_00008921]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600646 [VFB_00008923]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600667 [VFB_00008732]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600693 [VFB_00007415]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-600696 [VFB_00007416]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-600700 [VFB_00007420]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600703 [VFB_00006716]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600715 [VFB_00006787]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600731 [VFB_00006845]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600750 [VFB_00006913]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-600762 [VFB_00006961]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700045 [VFB_00013071]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700166 [VFB_00010893]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-700178 [VFB_00010905]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700184 [VFB_00010908]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700230 [VFB_00011098]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-700288 [VFB_00008525]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-700311 [VFB_00009300]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-700313 [VFB_00009418]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-700334 [VFB_00009068]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700402 [VFB_00008616]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-700438 [VFB_00007407]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700451 [VFB_00006724]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
VGlut-F-700453 [VFB_00006726]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-700483 [VFB_00007009]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700498 [VFB_00007035]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-700526 [VFB_00006451]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-700540 [VFB_00006578]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-700568 [VFB_00005753]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
VGlut-F-700575 [VFB_00005774]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC6
VGlut-F-700609 [VFB_00005952]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-800025 [VFB_00014921]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-800076 [VFB_00012129]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-800145 [VFB_00009250]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-800228 [VFB_00008613]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-800302 [VFB_00005698]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-800305 [VFB_00005891]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-800326 [VFB_00005933]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-900004 [VFB_00014854]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-900011 [VFB_00014891]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC12
VGlut-F-900042 [VFB_00006046]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC4
VGlut-F-900075 [VFB_00011147]
expression pattern fragment; lobula columnar neuron LC9
visual neuropil intrinsic neuron [FBbt_00059247]
A neuron that is fully contained within the optic lobes or the ocellar ganglia.
visual projection neuron [FBbt_00048287]
Neuron that projects from the optic lobe to the central brain, conveying information from light stimuli.
visual system neuron [FBbt_00047736]
Any neuron (FBbt:00005106) that capable of part of some sensory perception of light stimulus (GO:0050953).
VPN [FBbt_00048286]
Neuron that projects from the adult optic lobe to the central brain, conveying information from light stimuli.
VPN_DRA#1 (FAFB:11992907) [VFB_001029fj]
VPN_DRA#1 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; VPN_DRA#1 (FAFB:11992907); female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#10 (FAFB:15984100) [VFB_001029hl]
VPN_DRA#10 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; VPN_DRA#10 (FAFB:15984100); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#2 (FAFB:11904073) [VFB_001029f3]
VPN_DRA#2 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; VPN_DRA#2 (FAFB:11904073); medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#3 (FAFB:4271776) [VFB_001029a7]
VPN_DRA#3 [VPN_DRA#3 (FAFB:4271776); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#4 (FAFB:17165715) [VFB_001029hx]
VPN_DRA#4 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; VPN_DRA#4 (FAFB:17165715); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#5 (FAFB:15969128) [VFB_001029hh]
VPN_DRA#5 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron; VPN_DRA#5 (FAFB:15969128)]
VPN_DRA#6 (FAFB:16886430) [VFB_001029hr]
VPN_DRA#6 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; VPN_DRA#6 (FAFB:16886430); JRC2018Unisex; VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#7 (FAFB:15997281) [VFB_001029hm]
VPN_DRA#7 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VPN_DRA#7 (FAFB:15997281); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#8 (FAFB:16215491) [VFB_001029ho]
VPN_DRA#8 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VPN_DRA#8 (FAFB:16215491); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN_DRA#9 (FAFB:12188202) [VFB_001029gm]
VPN_DRA#9 [transmission electron microscopy (TEM); is part of; female organism; JRC2018Unisex; VPN_DRA#9 (FAFB:12188202); VFB CATMAID Adult Brain (FAFB); adult brain; medulla dorsal rim area-posterior lateral protocerebrum neuron]
VPN-DRA [FBbt_00052148]
Visual projection neuron that receives input in the medulla dorsal rim area and sends output to the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Kind et al., 2021).
VS [FBbt_00007516]
Giant neuron of the lobula plate with a dendritic arbor that extends along the dorsal-ventral axis of the lobula plate and an axon terminal projecting to the protocerebral region (Scott et al., 2002). It receives synaptic input both in lobula plate layer 4 (Mauss et al., 2015), and in the protocerebrum. It has its synaptic output in the latter (Raghu et al., 2007). They innervate both the superior and inferior, posterior slope (Boergens et al., 2018). Cells of this class are involved in the optomotor response (Joesch et al., 2008) and exhibit directionally selective responses during the presentation of vertically moving periodic gratings. Each VS cell possesses its distinct receptive field (Joesch et al., 2008).
VS1 [FBbt_00007517]
The outermost vertical system neuron. This neuron has a main dendritic shaft that produces one or a few dorsally projecting branches before sweeping ventrally. As the main shaft extends ventrally, it continues to produce smaller branches that combine to form a narrow band covering the most lateral part of the lobula plate. This cell is relatively flat but extends anteriorly in the dorsal aspect of its dendritic tree (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is the most frontal of all VS cells. It is electrically coupled to VS2 (Joesch et al., 2008). It extends a substantial proportion of processes into lobula plate layer 2 as well as layer 4 (Boergens et al., 2018).
VS2 [FBbt_00007518]
Vertical system neuron whose dendritic tree within the lobula plate partially overlaps with that of vertical system neuron 1 (VS1) but extends more medially. Its major dendritic shaft sweeps from dorsal to ventral. Its dendritic tree is less highly branched than that of VS1 and is very flattened in the anterior-posterior axis, with all of its dendritic structures among the posterior dendrites of the vertical system (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS1 and VS3. It is electrically coupled to VS1 and VS3 (Joesch et al., 2008). There is a small patch of innervation into lobula plate layer 2, but the majority is in layer 4 (Boergens et al., 2018).
VS3 [FBbt_00007519]
Vertical system neuron with both dorsally and ventrally sweeping major branches and whose dorsal dendritic tree extends anteriorly and posteriorly. Unlike vertical system neuron 2, its dorsal dendrites continue to slant laterally as they extend dorsally and have a major component that extends anteriorly (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS2 (more frontal) and VS4 (more lateral). It is electrically coupled to VS2 and VS4 (Joesch et al., 2008).
VS4 [FBbt_00007520]
Vertical system neuron with both dorsally and ventrally sweeping major branches and whose dorsal dendritic tree extends anteriorly and posteriorly. Unlike VS3, its dorsal dendrites curve so that they extend directly dorsally or even medially and have only a few simple anterior projections (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS3 (more frontal) and VS5 (more lateral). It is electrically coupled to VS3 and VS5 (Joesch et al., 2008).
VS5 [FBbt_00007521]
Vertical system neuron whose dendritic branching pattern is simple and predominantly limited to the dorsal lobula plate. This neuron projects at least two major dendritic branches dorsally, one from the initial dorsal extension, and one from a major branch that initially grows into the central lobula before contributing a dorsally extending branch. Its dendritic tree extends much more anteriorly than that of other ventral system neurons (Scott et al., 2002). Its receptive field of vision is in between the receptive fields of VS4 (more frontal) and VS6 (more lateral). It is electrically coupled to VS4 and VS6 (Joesch et al., 2008).
VS6 [FBbt_00007522]
Vertical system neuron whose dendritic branching pattern is simple and predominantly limited to the dorsal lobula plate. This neuron has a single major dorsal branch that is an extension of the original dorsal arborization. Its dendritic tree extends anteriorly, but not as far as that of vertical system neuron 5.
VS7 [FBbt_00053408]
Vertical system neuron that innervates lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Zhao et al., 2023). It has a branch arborizing in the dorsal part of layer 1, in a slightly larger region than VS7, and a branch arborizing in the posterior part of layer 4, with less dorsal coverage than VS8 (Zhao et al., 2023). Its primary dendrite is narrower than that of VS1-3, similar to VS4-6 and 8 (Zhao et al., 2023).
VS8 [FBbt_00053409]
Vertical system neuron that innervates lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Zhao et al., 2023). It has a branch arborizing in the dorsal part of layer 1, in a slightly smaller region than VS7, and a branch arborizing in the posterior part of layer 4, with more dorsal coverage than VS7 (Zhao et al., 2023). Its primary dendrite is narrower than that of VS1-3, similar to VS4-7 (Zhao et al., 2023).
VSm [FBbt_00053494]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that has dendrites resembling those of vertical system neurons 1/2, but with a smaller diameter and different axon terminals (Zhao et al., 2023). It receives input in a large anterior region of the visual field in lobula plate layer 4, from around 200 columns, and the dorsal part of layer 2, from around 50 columns (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and its main output region is the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). There are two of these cells on each side (Zhao et al., 2023).
VST1 [FBbt_00048129]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that resembles vertical system neuron 2, having little lobula plate arborization outside of layer 4, but with a smaller diameter and sparser dendrites (Boergens et al., 2018). It additionally has a main branch in the ventral part of the dendrite (Boergens et al., 2018). It receives input in around 100 columns of lobula plate layer 4, remains ipsilateral, and sends output mainly to the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are two of these cells on each side (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
VST2 [FBbt_00048130]
Lobula plate tangential neuron that resembles vertical system neuron 3, with a dorsal extension into lobula plate layer 1 (Boergens et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2023). It receives input in around 80 columns of lobula plate layer 4 and around 50 columns of layer 1 (Nern et al., 2025). It remains ipsilateral and its main output region is the inferior posterior slope (Dorkenwald et al., 2024; Schlegel et al., 2024). It is predicted to be cholinergic (Eckstein et al., 2024; Nern et al., 2025). There are four of these cells on each side (Zhao et al., 2023; Nern et al., 2025).
WED068 [FBbt_20003618]
Adult visual projection neuron of the WED068 group, with its soma in the brain, anterior-dorsal to the accessory medulla (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral lobula plate and the ipsilateral lobula (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope, the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024). Its predicted neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (Eckstein et al., 2024). There are approximately 8 of these cells per organism (Schlegel et al., 2024; Dorkenwald et al., 2024).
wide field transmedullary neuron [FBbt_00013788]
A transmedullary neuron that arborizes across multiple columns.
Y [FBbt_00003911]
Intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe that has a cell body in the cortex of the lobula plate and that arborizes in the lobula plate before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm, with one branch innervating the lobula and the other the proximal medulla (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Shinomiya et al., 2019). Some of these cells project multiple axons into the second optic chiasma (Shinomiya et al., 2019).
Y neuron vGlutYnew1 [FBbt_00110092]
Y neuron with arborizations in medulla layers M8, M9 and M10, and layer 1 of both lobula and lobula plate. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Y neuron Y11 [FBbt_00052861]
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Y neuron Y12 [FBbt_00052862]
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Y neuron Y3-like [FBbt_00052652]
Y neuron similar to Y3, but lacking fork-like structures in the superficial lobula layer (Chen et al., 2023). See Chen et al. (2023) fig S3.
Y1 [FBbt_00003912]
Wide-field Y neuron with a wide, unstratified arborization field in all layers of the lobula plate, a wide, thin, terminal arborization domain in lobula layer 5 and a small terminal arborization domain in medulla layer M8 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011).
Y11 [FBbt_00052861]
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 3 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Y12 [FBbt_00052862]
Y neuron that receives input in lobula plate layers 1 and 4 (Shinomiya et al., 2022).
Y3 [FBbt_00003914]
Wide-field Y neuron with a mix of bleb-type and fine arborizations in the lobula plate. These show some stratification, but cover all layers to some extent. The medulla branch has a relatively wide, terminal arborization field in M8-10 with a mix of bleb-type and fine arborization. The lobula innervating branch has narrow arborizations, also of mixed type in layers 2-5 (Morante and Desplan, 2008; Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989).
Y3-like [FBbt_00052652]
Y neuron similar to Y3, but lacking fork-like structures in the superficial lobula layer (Chen et al., 2023).
Y4 [FBbt_00003915]
Y neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate without arborizing. It branches extensively in the second optic chiasm, with one branch doubling back to form a fine terminal arborization in lobula plate layers 1 and 2. Multiple branches arborize in the lobula, reaching most layers, with a mix of terminal morphologies. A branch projects into the medulla where it forms a wide asymmetric terminal arbor that projects mainly along medulla layers M8-M9.
Y5 [FBbt_00003916]
Y neuron that arborizes relatively broadly in all lobula plate layers and with a mix of terminal morphologies. Its branch in the lobula has a branched, terminal arborization with mixed terminal morphologies in lobula layers 1-3. Its branch in the medulla forms a mixed-morphology, highly branched, terminal arborization in medulla layers M7-10 with one or more very wide branches projecting along M10.
Y6 [FBbt_00007580]
Y neuron that arborizes relatively broadly in all lobula plate layers and with a mix of terminal morphologies. Its branch in the lobula has narrow and mainly bleb-type arborizations in layers 1-4. Its branch in the lamina has a broader, bushy, fine, terminal arborization domain in layers M8-9.
yellow ommatidium [FBbt_02000001]
Ommatidial subtype with stochastic distribution throughout the retina making up about 70% of all non-dorsal margin ommatidia. This ommatidial subtype is specialized to detect longer wavelengths (far UV + green).
yR7 [FBbt_02000005]
Photoreceptor cell R7 that is part of a yellow ommatidium and expresses Rhodopsin 4 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It outputs to transmedullary neuron Tm5a (Gao et al., 2008; Karuppudurai et al., 2014) and to Dm8 neurons in medulla layer M6 (Gao et al., 2008; Sancer et al., 2019). It receives synaptic input from photoreceptor cell R8 of the same column (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2015), mostly in M3 (Takemura et al., 2008).
yR8 [FBbt_02000003]
Photoreceptor cell R8 that is part of a yellow ommatidium and expresses Rhodopsin 6 (Wernet and Desplan, 2004). It outputs to TM5c, mostly in layer M3 where it terminates, but also in M1-2 (Karuppudurai et al., 2014) and to Tm20, Mi1, Mi4 and some lamina monopolar neurons of the same column (Takemura et al., 2015). It also outputs onto photoreceptor cell R7 of the same column (Takemura et al., 2008; Takemura et al., 2015), mostly in M3 (Takemura et al., 2008).