Tag: Thermosensory_system

AC thermosensory neuron [FBbt_00007333]

Thermosensory neuron with its soma in the adult brain, anterior to the antennal lobe, that has no dendrites and expresses TrpA1 (Hamada et al., 2008; Shih and Chiang, 2011. It is activated by elevated temperature and is necessary for normal warmth-avoidance behavior (Hamada et al., 2008. It innervates the antennal lobe glomeruli VL2a and VL2p and the subesophageal zone, then projects obliquely towards the ipsilateral posterior superior lateral protocerebrum before branching to give extensive symmetrical arborizations in the superior medial protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Hamada et al., 2008; Shih and Chiang, 2011. It is serotonergic (Shih and Chiang, 2011. (Shih and Chiang, 2011)

Tags:

adult antennal lobe projection neuron VL2p lPN [FBbt_00007451]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the lateral antennal lobe neuroblast lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VL2p. The axons of these neurons innervate the lateral horn. (Jefferis et al., 2007)

Tags:

adult antennal lobe projection neuron VP3 mlALT [FBbt_00048353]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron with its cell body in the gnathal ganglion with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP3 (Yagi et al., 2016. It projects via the mediolateral antennal lobe tract to the mushroom body lateral accessory calyx (Yagi et al., 2016. (Yagi et al., 2016)

Tags:

adult antennal lobe projection neuron VP3 t10ALT [FBbt_00111338]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron whose dendrites innervate the antennal lobe glomerulus VP3, unilaterally or bilaterally (Frank et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015 and fasciculates with the transverse antennal lobe tract t10ALT (Marin et al., 2020) to innervate the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Frank et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020). This neuron responds to cooling, showing strong adaptation to sustained temperature decreases (Frank et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015. There are around 3-5 of these cells per hemisphere and they are part of the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage (Liu et al., 2015; Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020). (Liu et al., 2015, Frank et al., 2015)

Tags:

adult Epi descending neuron [FBbt_00052624]

Adult descending neuron that has a large soma in the brain. Its dendrites are mainly found in the dorsal brain, including in the optic lobe and lateral horn (Liu et al., 2023). It has extensive axonal arborization in the brain, including the optic lobe, mushroom body and subesophageal zone, as well as all neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord (Liu et al., 2023). It responds to noxiously high temperatures via the painless receptor and releases Allatostatin C to alleviate thermal nociception (Liu et al., 2023). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Liu et al., 2023).

Tags:

adult Epi descending neuron [FBbt_00052624]

Adult descending neuron that has a large soma in the brain. Its dendrites are mainly found in the dorsal brain, including in the optic lobe and lateral horn (Liu et al., 2023. It has extensive axonal arborization in the brain, including the optic lobe, mushroom body and subesophageal zone, as well as all neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord (Liu et al., 2023. It responds to noxiously high temperatures via the painless receptor and releases Allatostatin C to alleviate thermal nociception (Liu et al., 2023. There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Liu et al., 2023. (Liu et al., 2023)

Tags:

dorsal organ cool cell [FBbt_00047145]

Ir21a, Ir25a and Ir93a -expressing neuron of the dorsal organ ganglion (DOG), activated by temperature decreases (Klein et al., 2015; Ni et al., 2016; Knecht et al., 2016. All three of these Ir genes are necessary for cold-induced activity of these cells (Knecht et al., 2016, with Ir21a specifying cooling, rather than warming sensitivity (Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021. Three of these cells are found in each DOG and they are required for cold avoidance behavior (Klein et al., 2015. The sensory dendrites of these neurons exhibit membrane infoldings and lamellae in the base of the dorsal organ and they do not reach the central dome (Klein et al., 2015; Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021. They project to an antennal lobe glomerulus posterior and slightly dorsal to the olfactory glomeruli (Klein et al., 2015; Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021. (Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021, Ni et al., 2016, Klein et al., 2015, Knecht et al., 2016)

Tags:

dorsal organ warming cell [FBbt_00051986]

Ir68a, Ir25a and Ir93a -expressing neuron of the dorsal organ ganglion (DOG), activated by temperature increases (Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021. All three of these Ir genes are necessary for heating-induced activity of these cells, with Ir68a specifying warming, rather than cooling sensitivity (Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021. Two of these cells are found in each DOG and each projects to a different antennal lobe glomerulus, distinct from the one targeted by the cool cells, in the posterior dorsal antennal lobe (Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021. The sensory dendrites of these neurons do not exhibit the membrane infoldings seen in the cool cells and they extend a thin dendrite into the central dome sensillum (Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021. (Hernandez-Nunez et al., 2021)

Tags:

ER4m [FBbt_00007537]

Ring neuron R4 whose arborization in the ellipsoid body fills most of the ellipsoid body outer central domain, except for the region occupied by R4d terminals (Renn et al., 1999; Omoto et al., 2018). It has dendrites in the anterior bulb (Omoto et al., 2018). It responds to temperature increases and mediates thermoresponsive behavior (Buhl et al., 2021). It activity decreases the amount of nighttime sleep (Yan et al., 2023). (Young and Armstrong, 2010, Buhl et al., 2021, Renn et al., 1999, Yan et al., 2023, Omoto et al., 2018)

Tags:

HRN_VP1d [FBbt_00047226]

Adult hygrosensory neuron that expresses the humidity-sensing Ionotropic receptor (Ir) 40a, and the co-receptors Ir93a and Ir25a, and innervates the antennal lobe glomerulus VP1d (Enjin et al, 2016; Knecht et al., 2016; Marin et al., 2020. It receives sensory input in the blunt-tipped sensilla of chamber II of the sacculus and its projections remain strictly ipsilateral (Silbering et al., 2011; Marin et al., 2020; Schlegel et al., 2021. It is activated by dry air (to a lesser extent than the VP4 Ir40a neurons) (Knecht et al., 2016 and by large decreases in temperature (Enjin et al., 2016, which may collectively correspond to detection of evaporative cooling (Marin et al., 2020. It develops from an Nab precursor (Benton et al., 2025. There are around 7-9 of these cells per hemisphere (Marin et al., 2020. (Benton et al., 2009, Enjin et al., 2016, Benton et al., 2025, Schlegel et al., 2021, Silbering et al., 2011, Knecht et al., 2016, Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

HRN_VP1l [FBbt_00111336]

Thermosensory receptor neuron that expresses the Ionotropic receptor (Ir) 21a and innervates antennal lobe glomerulus VP1l (Marin et al., 2020; Alpert et al., 2020. It has its sensory dendrite in chamber I of the sacculus and it responds to temperature drops below 25 degrees celsius (Marin et al., 2020; Alpert et al., 2020. It develops from an Naa precursor (Benton et al., 2025. There are around 6-8 of these cells per hemisphere (Marin et al., 2020 and they are unilateral (Schlegel et al., 2021. (Alpert et al., 2020, Benton et al., 2025, Silbering et al., 2011, Marin et al., 2020, Schlegel et al., 2021)

Tags:

M_l2PN3t18 [FBbt_00049759]

Adult unilateral, multiglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VM6 (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. It receives primarily olfactory input (Marin et al., 2020. There are approximately two of these cells per hemisphere and they fasciculate with the transverse antennal lobe t3ALT tract to innervate the posterior lateral protocerebrum and the wedge (Frank et al., 2015; Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. It responds slowly to hot and cold stimuli (Frank et al., 2015. (Marin et al., 2020, Frank et al., 2015, Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

M_lvPNm36 [FBbt_00049738]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALlv1 (BAlp4) neuroblast lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP1l, with a branch extending to the contralateral antennal lobe (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. There is one of these per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the medial antennal lobe tract and it is cholinergic (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. It projects to the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum, superior lateral protocerebrum and lateral horn (Marin et al., 2020. (Bates et al., 2020, Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

MZ_lvPN [FBbt_00049744]

Adult unilateral, uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALlv1 (BAlp4) neuroblast lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP2 and also extend into the dorsal subesophageal zone (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. There is one of these per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the medial antennal lobe tract and it is cholinergic (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. It projects to the mushroom body calyx and the lateral horn (Marin et al., 2020. (Bates et al., 2020, Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

neuron of aristal sensillum [FBbt_00004186]

Sensory neuron with its sensory dendrite in an aristal sensillum. Each sensillum contains two of these neurons, which detect changes in temperature and project via the aristal nerve, then the antennal nerve, to the antennal lobe (Stocker et al., 1983; Budelli et al., 2019. (He and Adler, 2001, Stocker et al., 1990, Stocker et al., 1983, Budelli et al., 2019)

Tags:

non-aristal sensory neuron VP3 [FBbt_00049720]

Thermosensory neuron that innervates the ipsilateral antennal lobe glomerulus VP3, but does not receive sensory input in the arista (Liu et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020; Alpert et al., 2020. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere, with their cell bodies at the edge of the antennal nerve (Alpert et al., 2020. It has simpler arbors in the antennal lobe than the VP3 neurons of the arista (Marin et al., 2020. It provides most of the input to the slow-cool VP3 vPN (Liu et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020. (Alpert et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2015, Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

TRN_VP2 [FBbt_00007575]

Adult unilateral thermosensory neuron of the aristal sensillum with an axon that innervates antennal lobe glomerulus VP2 (Stocker et al., 1990; Benton et al., 2025). It has small, finger-like sensory endings (Budelli et al., 2019) and expresses the warmth-sensor Gr28b.d (Ni et al., 2013). It is transiently activated by temperature increases and transiently inhibited by temperature decreases (Budelli et al., 2019). In addition, it has increased steady state spiking at higher temperatures (Budelli et al., 2019). There are around 3-4 of these cells per hemisphere (Marin et al., 2020). (Stocker et al., 1990, Gallio et al., 2011, Benton et al., 2025, Marin et al., 2020, Budelli et al., 2019, Ni et al., 2013)

Tags:

TRN_VP3 [FBbt_00007576]

Adult unilateral thermosensory neuron with its sensory dendrite in an aristal sensillum and an axonal projection to antennal lobe glomerulus VP3 (Stocker et al., 1990; Alpert et al., 2020; Benton et al., 2025). It has large, elaborate sensory endings (Budelli et al., 2019). It is transiently activated by temperature decreases and transiently inhibited by temperature increases (Budelli et al., 2019). It expresses the cooling-specific Ir21a and the co-receptors Ir25a and Ir93a, with all three being required for sensitivity to cooling (Budelli et al., 2019). There are around 3-4 of these cells per hemisphere (Marin et al., 2020). (Gallio et al., 2011, Marin et al., 2020, Alpert et al., 2020, Budelli et al., 2019, Benton et al., 2025, Stocker et al., 1990)

Tags:

VL2a_adPN [FBbt_00100380]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ad neuroblast lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a. It is born from the tenth division of neuroblast ALad1 during embryogenesis (Yu et al., 2010. It innervates the antero-ventral lateral horn (Grosjean et al., 2011. Its terminals in this region overlap extensively with the terminals of DA1 and VA1lm projection neurons, which have been implicated in a pheromone-sensing pathway (Jefferis et al., 2007. There is one of these per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the medial antennal lobe tract and it is cholinergic (Bates et al., 2020. (Yu et al., 2010, Grosjean et al., 2011, Bates et al., 2020, Jefferis et al., 2007)

Tags:

VL2a_vPN [FBbt_00049764]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALv1 (BAla1) lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a. There are around three of these in each antennal lobe, they fasciculate with the mediolateral antennal lobe tract and they are GABAergic (Bates et al., 2020. It is a mediolateral antennal lobe tract projection neuron 1 (Bates et al., 2020. (Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VL2p_adPN [FBbt_00007450]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ad neuroblast lineage (embryonic born) with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VL2p. It is born in the third division of neuroblast ALad1 during embryogenesis (Yu et al., 2010. There is around one of these per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the medial antennal lobe tract and it is cholinergic (Bates et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2005, Jefferis et al., 2001, Yu et al., 2010, Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VL2p_vPN [FBbt_00049765]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALv1 (BAla1) lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VL2p (Bates et al., 2020. There is one of these per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the mediolateral antennal lobe tract and it is GABAergic (Bates et al., 2020. It is a mediolateral antennal lobe tract projection neuron 1 (Bates et al., 2020. (Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP1d_il2PN [FBbt_00049721]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron with its cell body in the lateral subesophageal ganglion, dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP1d and an axon that projects via the dorsal antennal lobe tract (Marin et al., 2020. It arborizes in the mushroom body calyx and the lateral horn (Marin et al., 2020. Before entering the antennal lobe, it crosses the midline in the subesophageal zone and it has a bilaterally-symmetrical innervation pattern (Marin et al., 2020. There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020, Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP1l+_lvPN1 [FBbt_00049737]

Adult unilateral, uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALlv1 (BAlp4) neuroblast lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP1l (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. There are around three of these per hemisphere, they fasciculate with the medial antennal lobe tract and they are cholinergic (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. It projects to the superior medial protocerebrum and superior lateral protocerebrum (Marin et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020, Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP2_adPN [FBbt_00048093]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron that develops from the ALad1 neuroblast and has dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP2 (Stocker et al., 1990; Marin et al., 2020. It projects via the medial antennal lobe tract to arborize in the mushroom body calyx, lateral accessory calyx and the lateral horn (Stocker et al., 1990; Marin et al., 2020. There is one of these per hemisphere and it is cholinergic (Marin et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020, Stocker et al., 1990)

Tags:

VP2_l2PN [FBbt_00049730]

Adult unilateral, uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron that is part of the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage and has its antennal lobe dendrites mainly in VP2 (Marin et al., 2020; Bates et al., 2020. It projects via the lateral antennal lobe tract to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and lateral horn (Marin et al., 2020. There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020, Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP2+_adPN [FBbt_00049656]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron that develops from the ALad1 neuroblast and has dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP2, but also has several antennal lobe arborizations outside of VP2 (Marin et al., 2020. It projects via the medial antennal lobe tract to arborize in the mushroom body calyx and the lateral protocerebrum (Marin et al., 2020. There is one of these per hemisphere and it is cholinergic (Marin et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP2+Z_lvPN [FBbt_00049743]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALlv1 (BAlp4) neuroblast lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate the ipsilateral antennal lobe glomerulus VP2 and the medial subesophageal zone (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. There are one or two of these per hemisphere, they fasciculate with the medial antennal lobe tract and they are cholinergic (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. It projects to the mushroom body calyx and the lateral horn (Marin et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020, Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP3+_l2PN1 [FBbt_00049732]

Adult uniglomerular, unilateral antennal lobe projection neuron whose dendrites mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP3 (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere and they belong to the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage (Marin et al., 2020; Bates et al., 2020. A branch enters the inferior posterior slope and another follows the transverse antennal lobe t10ALT tract to the superior clamp (Marin et al., 2020. (Bates et al., 2020, Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP3+_l2PN2 [FBbt_00049733]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron whose dendrites mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP3 in both hemispheres (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere and they belong to the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage (Marin et al., 2020; Bates et al., 2020. A branch enters the inferior posterior slope and another follows the transverse antennal lobe t10ALT tract (Marin et al., 2020. (Bates et al., 2020, Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP3+_vPN [FBbt_00111337]

Adult unilateral, uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron whose dendrites mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP3 (Jenett et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2015; Frank et al., 2015; Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. Most of its input in VP3 is from the non-aristal sensory neuron VP3 (Marin et al., 2020. It also receives input from the thermosensory Ir21a VP1l neuron (Alpert et al., 2020. It develops from the ALv1 (BAla1) neuroblast (Bates et al., 2020. It innervates the mushroom body lateral accessory calyx (Jenett et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2015; Frank et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020. This neuron responds to cooling, with little to no adaptation to sustained temperature drops, and may encode information about absolute, rather than relative, temperature (Liu et al., 2015; Alpert et al., 2020. There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it is GABAergic (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020; Alpert et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020, Bates et al., 2020, Frank et al., 2015, Alpert et al., 2020, Jenett et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2015)

Tags:

VP3++_l2PN [FBbt_00049734]

Adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron whose dendrites mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP3 in both hemispheres, with substantial terminals in neighboring parts of the antennal lobe (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. A branch enters the ipsilateral wedge and another follows the ipsilateral transverse antennal lobe t10ALT tract into the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Marin et al., 2020. There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it belongs to the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage (Marin et al., 2020; Bates et al., 2020. (Bates et al., 2020, Marin et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP4+VL1_l2PN [FBbt_00111341]

Adult multiglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron whose dendrites mainly innervate the antennal lobe glomeruli VP4, VP2 and VL1 in both hemispheres (Marin et al., 2020; Bates et al., 2020. There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it belongs to the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage (Marin et al., 2020; Bates et al., 2020. It fasciculates with the ipsilateral transverse antennal lobe t3ALT tract to innervate the lateral horn, posterior slope and posterior lateral protocerebrum, unilaterally (Frank et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020. This neuron responds to fast increases and decreases in temperature (Liu et al., 2015. (Frank et al., 2015, Marin et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2015, Bates et al., 2020)

Tags:

VP5+VP2_l2PN [FBbt_00111340]

Adult unilateral antennal lobe projection neuron whose dendrites mainly innervate the antennal lobe glomeruli VP5 and VP2 (Marin et al., 2020. It fasciculates with the transverse antennal lobe t10ALT tract and innervates the posterior slope and posterior lateral protocerebrum, in some cases reaching the lateral horn (Frank et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020. This neuron responds to heating (Frank et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere and they are part of the ALl1 (BAlc) ventral hemilineage (Bates et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2020. (Marin et al., 2020, Bates et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2015)

Tags:
All Tags