Tag: Sense_organ

abdominal dorsal trichoid sensillum dh1 [FBbt_00002783]

Small, mono-innervated hair of the dorsal sensory complex of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Note that this organ (identified as the anterior organ in the dh1-dh2 organ pair) is reported to be tri-innervated in Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997. The formerly separate term ‘h3’ (FBbt:00002791) has been merged with dh1: It is clear from comparing the diagrams in Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen (1986) with Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein (1997), that the authors are referring to the same sensillum; FlyPNS also states that these are synonyms.

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abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 [FBbt_00002831]

Pentascolopidial chordotonal organ located in the lateral sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval abdominal segment. Each of the five scolopidia that constitute the LCh5 organ contains a sensory unit composed of a neuron and a scolopale cell, and two accessory cells between which the sensory unit is stretched: a cap cell at the dendritic side and a ligament cell at the axonal side of the neuron (Halachmi et al., 2016). The cap and the ligament cells of all five organs are anchored to the cuticle by two cap attachment cells and one ligament attachment cell (Halachmi et al., 2016). The neuron, scolopale, cap, ligament and cap attachment cells of each scolopidium are derived from a single ato-expressing precursor through four asymmetric cell divisions (Halachmi et al., 2016).

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abdominal lateral trichoid sensillum lh1 [FBbt_00002839]

Lateral mono-innervated hair of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, state in table 9.1 that lh1 is innervated by lesA and innervates ‘h1’. This appears to be a misrepresentation of Ghysen et al., (1986) as this paper does not appear to make that claim. sr080210.

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abdominal ventral campaniform sensillum vc3 [FBbt_00002879]

A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - vesC. The tormogen (socket) cell of this sensillum is unusual in having numerous short cytoplasmic extensions (Barolo et al., 2000). It fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997).

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adult labral sense organ [FBbt_00004146]

Sense organ that extends along the adult hypopharynx. It comprises a heterogeneous group of nine sensilla, numbered from proximal to distal, containing a total of 8 mechanosensory and 10 gustatory receptor neurons. Three of these sensilla are gustatory, one with 3 neurons and the others with one each. The remaining 6 sensilla are mechanosensory (Nayak and Singh, 1985). It develops from the epiphysis (larval labral sense organ).

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antennal basiconic sensillum ab10 [FBbt_00067019]

Small antennal basiconic sensillum innervated by the dendrites of two ORNs. It is distinguishable from other small bidendritic ab sensilla by its odor response profile (de Bruyne and Baker, 2008) and the identity of the ORNs that innervate it (49a/85f and 67a). There are more of these sensilla in females than males (Grabe et al., 2016).

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antennal basiconic sensillum ab2 [FBbt_00067002]

A large olfactory basiconic sensillum of the antenna, innervated by 2 ORNs. It is distinguishable from ab3 by its odor response profile (De Bruyne et al., 2001) and the identity of the ORNs that innervate it (59b and 85a/33b; Couto et al., 2005). There are more of these sensilla in females than males (Grabe et al, 2016). Based on its size and the number of innervating ORNS, this is likely to correspond to LB-I (FBbt:00007355) or LB-II2 (FBbt:00007356) of Shanbhag et al., 1999, but it is not clear which.

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antennal basiconic sensillum ab3 [FBbt_00067024]

A large olfactory basiconic sensillum of the antenna, innervated by 2 ORNs. It is distinguishable from ab2 by its odor response profile (De Bruyne et al., 2001) and the identity of the ORNs that innervate it (22 and 85b; Couto et al., 2005; de Bruyne and Baker, 2008). Based on its size and the number of innervating ORNS, this is likely to correspond to LB-I (FBbt:00007355) or LB-II2 (FBbt:00007356) of Shanbhag et al., 1999, but it is not clear which.

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antennal basiconic sensillum ab6 [FBbt_00067060]

Thin antennal basiconic sensillum innervated by the dendrites of two ORNs. It is distinguishable from ab5 - ab10 by its odor response profile (De Bruyne et al., 2001) and the identity of the ORNs that innervate it (49b; Couto et al., 2005; de Bruyne and Baker, 2008). There are more of these sensilla in females than males (Grabe et al, 2016).

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antennal coeloconic sensillum ac1 [FBbt_00067038]

Coeloconic olfactory sensillum of the antenna that is innervated by three olfactory receptor neurons (ORN). It is distinguishable from ac2, ac3 and ac4 by its odor response profile (Yao et al., 2005) and the identity of the ORNs that innervate it. The sensilla are present in the anterior antennal surface just ventral to the arista (Benton et al., 2009).

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antennal coeloconic sensillum ac3 [FBbt_00110022]

Coeloconic olfactory sensillum of the antenna that is innervated by two olfactory receptor neurons (ORN). It is distinguishable from ac1, ac2 and ac4 by its odor response profile (Yao et al., 2005) and the identity of the ORNs that innervate it (Benton et al., 2009). The sensilla are present in the posterior antennal surface (Benton et al., 2009).

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antennal coeloconic sensillum ac4 [FBbt_00110023]

Coeloconic olfactory sensillum of the antenna that is innervated by three olfactory receptor neurons (ORN). It is distinguishable from a1, ac2 and ac3 by its odor response profile (Yao et al., 2005) and the identity of the ORNs that innervate it (Benton et al., 2009). There are more of these sensilla in females than males (Grabe et al, 2016).

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antennal intermediate sensillum ai2 [FBbt_00067032]

Olfactory intermediate sensillum of antennal segment 3 that is innervated by olfactory receptor neuron Or83c and olfactory receptor neuron Or23a. There are more of these sensilla in males than females (Grabe et al, 2016). Reclassified from trichoid to intermediate by fluorescence-guided single sensillum recording (FG-SSR) (Lin and Potter, 2015; FBC:CP).

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antennal segment 3 thermosensory organ [FBbt_00007334]

Thermosensory organ of antennal segment 3. Sayeed and Benzer, 1996, inferred the presence of thermosensory organ(s) on antennal segment 3 from the results of antennal segment ablation experiments. However, they did not identify which sensilla are responsible. These same experiments showed no effect on thermosensation when the arista alone was removed.

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anterior pharyngeal organ [FBbt_00002687]

Sensillum of the lateral part of the embryonic/larval dorsal pouch (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It contains a single neuron (first seen at embryonic stage 15) that is located dorsal to Bolwig’s nerve (at stages 16-17) and fasciculates with the lateropharyngeal nerve (SN-V). Schmidt-Ott et al., (1994) tentatively assign this to the mandibular segment on the basis of its fasciculation pattern. This evidence is much weaker than the genetic evidence they use to determine the segmental identity of other head sensilla.

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anterior prothoracic chordotonal organ [FBbt_00007656]

V-shaped chordotonal organ with one arm attached to the anterior wall of the thorax at the articulation of the head, immediately below the prosternal sense organ and the other arm fixed to the hypotremal apodeme (Power, 1948). The joint between the two arms is directed posteromedially and pressed against the anterolateral corner of the prothoracic neuromere (Power, 1948). A thick, short group of fibers, the prothoracic chordotonal nerve, connects this organ to the ventral nerve cord (Power et al., 1948).

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aristal sensillum [FBbt_00004185]

Sensillum of the arista. There are three of these per arista, each consisting of a pair of sensory neurons surrounded by 2 sheath cells. They project into the lymph space of the arista core, where they float freely - unattached to the epidermis. These projections consist of specialized dendrites surrounded throughout their length by sheath cells and distally by an electron dense dendritic sheath. The three projections terminate at different points along the shaft. Foelix et al., 1989, suggest that the morphology of the highly lamellated neurons found in these sensilla is consistent with a thermosensory function based on the similarity of this morphology to that of thermosensory neurons in the antennae of other insects. However, Sayeed and Benzer, 1996, show that surgical removal of the arista has no effect on the temperature preference of flies, but it does eliminate the preference of flies for dry vs moist air, suggesting a hygrosensory function.

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basiconic sensillum of sacculus [FBbt_00004184]

Sensillum of chamber I of the sacculus of the antenna. The sensilla are devoid of pores, have no socket at the base and gradually taper at the distal end. The sensilla have an irregularly sculpted external surface at their distal end. They are innervated by two or three sensory cells. There are 5-7 of these sensilla; two of these contain both water- and thermo-sensitive neurons, the remaining are water-sensitive (Shanbhag et al., 1995).

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blunt-tipped sensillum [FBbt_00005192]

Sensillum of the coeloconic type that does not have a pore. It is 2 micrometers long and 1.7 micrometers wide at the base, tapering towards the tip. A pore-like structure at the distal end is plugged by electron-dense material. At the very tip, the sensillum is covered by a similar electron-dense structure. The outer cuticular surface is smooth. Internally, the cuticle has a spongy appearance. There is a single central lumen that terminates below the electron-dense layer.

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blunt-tipped sensillum of sacculus [FBbt_00004183]

Coeloconic sensillum of chamber II of the sacculus of the antenna. The sensilla are blunt-tipped with a smooth cuticular surface and have a pore-like structure at their distal end. They are innervated by three sensory cells, which include water- and thermo-sensitive neurons. There are 6 sensilla of this type (Shanbhag et al., 1995).

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campaniform sensillum of distal group [FBbt_00002692]

Campaniform sensillum located in the distal region of the terminal organ, on the head of the embryo/larva. There are three of these sensilla and each contains the dendrite of a mechanosensory neuron, which terminates more proximally and ends with a tubular body, as well as dendrites from gustatory receptor neurons (Rist and Thum, 2017).

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campaniform sensillum of dorsal humeral crossvein [FBbt_00004084]

Humeral crossvein campaniform sensillum located on the dorsal side of the wing. It is situated close to the ventral humeral crossvein campaniform sensillum separated by the intermediate portion of the costal nerve (Murray et al., 1984). It is circular with a high profile and with a socket which is prominent on one side but becomes indistinct on the other. The sensillum is around 8 micrometers in diameter.

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campaniform sensillum of dorsal radius Sc12 [FBbt_00004346]

Campaniform sensillum of the dorsal side of the medial radius of the adult wing. These cells are arranged in two distinct fields. The first has four circular sensilla with high profile and with a socket (type 1), distributed on the anterior face of the medial radius, with each sensillum around 4.5 micrometers in diameter (d.Rad.D). The second has eight circular sensilla, with low profile and with socket (type 3), with each sensillum between 5.0-5.5 micrometers in diameter (d.Rad.E).

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campaniform sensillum of dorsal radius Sc25 [FBbt_00004345]

Campaniform sensillum belonging to a more dispersed group of cells, distal to the Sc4d cells, on the dorsal side of the proximal radius of the adult wing. These cells belong to two distinct fields. The first has seven elliptical sensilla with low profile and with a socket (type 6), distributed in a round patch, with each sensillum between 2.5-3.0 micrometers in length (d.Rad.B). The second has around 17 circular sensilla, with low profile and without socket (type 4), with each sensillum between 2.5-3.5 micrometers in diameter (d.Rad.C).

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campaniform sensillum of dorsal radius Sc4d [FBbt_00004344]

Campaniform sensillum of the most proximal cluster of the dorsal side of the proximal radius of the adult wing. There are four of these circular sensilla with a high profile and without a socket (type 2), they are arranged in a row and increase in diameter distally, from 3.5 to 4.5 micrometers.

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campaniform sensillum of larval intercalary segment [FBbt_00002682]

Any campaniform sensillum (FBbt:00005183) that is part of some larval intercalary segment (FBbt:00001736). Dinges et al. (2020) confirmed that there is no campaniform sensilla on the adult head, so this term can only refer to a larval campaniform sensillum. [FlyBase: FBrf0247616]

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campaniform sensillum of ventral humeral crossvein [FBbt_00004085]

Humeral crossvein campaniform sensillum located on the ventral side of the wing. It is situated close to the dorsal humeral crossvein campaniform sensillum separated by the intermediate portion of the costal nerve (Murray et al., 1984). It is a large circular sensillum which bears a socket that is tightly fused to the dome and diminishes on one side. The sensillum is around 6.5 micrometers in diameter.

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campaniform sensillum of ventral radius Sc1 [FBbt_00058030]

A single campaniform sensillum of the medial radius on the ventral surface of the adult wing, located about 15 micrometers distally to the most distal campaniform sensillum of the v.Rad.C group (Dinges et al., 2020). This sensillum was previously described as being part of the v.Rad.C group, but Dinges et al. (2020) define it as a distinct single campaniform sensillum, due to its distance to that group and its clear morphological differences.

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campaniform sensillum of ventral radius Sc3 [FBbt_00004350]

Campaniform sensillum on the border of the proximal and medial radius, on the ventral surface of the adult wing. There are three circular sensilla with a high profile and with a socket (type 1), with the cuticle of the domes often peaked. Each sensillum is between 2.5-3.5 micrometers in diameter.

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campaniform sensillum of ventral radius Sc4 [FBbt_00058029]

Campaniform sensillum that is part of group of 4 sensilla on the ventral surface of the adult wing, arranged linearly along the medial radius. Each sensillum has a low profile and a socket (type 3), and is around 4.5 micrometers in diameter (Bryant, 1975; Cole and Palka, 1982; Dinges et al., 2020). The term v.Rad.C initially referred to all 5 sensilla of the ventral medial radius, but Dinges et al. (2020) suggest that it should only refers to this group of 4, excluding the one they call v.Rad.C.1.

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campaniform sensillum of ventral radius Sc5 [FBbt_00004351]

Campaniform sensillum of the medial radius on the ventral surface of the adult wing. There are five circular sensilla with low profile and with a socket (type 3), arranged linearly along the medial radius. Each sensillum is around 4.5 micrometers in diameter. Dinges et al. (2020) suggest that v.Rad.C be used to refer only to the 4 most proximal campaniform sensilla (campaniform sensillum of ventral radius Sc4) instead of all 5 sensilla of the ventral radius.

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chemosensory dorsal double row bristle [FBbt_00100191]

Multiply innervated, recurved bristle of the dorsal double row involved in chemosensation. This bristle also shows a conspicuous terminal pore. Palka et al., (1979) show that of the five dendrites innervating the wing margin chemosensory bristles, one contains a microtubular body, suggesting it to be a mechanosensory neuron. That this bristle is chemosensory in nature is based on the presence of the terminal pore and multiple innervation with dendrites extending to the pore (Palka et al., 1979).

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chemosensory sensillum of the female genitalia [FBbt_00100131]

Short, blunt-tipped thorn bristle or spine bristle located on the adult vaginal plate. There are around 10 bilateral pairs of thorn bristles and around 3 bilateral pairs of spine bristles. Note: currently there is no direct evidence that these neurons are definitely chemosensory. That they are likely to be chemosensory in nature is based on their morphology (Taylor, 1989), that they are multiply innervated (Taylor, 1989), and behavioral observations of the animals during egg laying (Yang et al., 2008).

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chemosensory ventral double row bristle [FBbt_00100108]

Multiply innervated, recurved chemosensory bristle of the ventral double row with a conspicuous terminal pore. Palka et al., (1979) show that of the five dendrites innervating the wing margin chemosensory bristles, one contains a microtubular body, suggesting it to be a mechanosensory neuron. That this bristle is chemosensory in nature is based on the presence of the terminal pore and multiple innervation with dendrites extending to the pore (Palka et al., 1979).

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chemosensory ventral triple row bristle [FBbt_00004335]

Multiply innervated, recurved taste bristle of the ventral triple row and the ventral row. This bristle also shows a conspicuous terminal pore. Palka et al., (1979) show that of the five dendrites innervating the wing margin chemosensory bristles, one contains a microtubular body, suggesting it to be a mechanosensory neuron. That this bristle is chemosensory in nature is based on the presence of the terminal pore and multiple innervation with dendrites extending to the pore (Palka et al., 1979).

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cibarial sense organ [FBbt_00004139]

Compound sense organ located in the cibarium of the adult pharynx, near the upper end of the posterior cibarial plate. It comprises two sense organs, dorsal and ventral, that are innervated by gustatory receptor neurons. This term, as used by Miller in Demerec (1994) refers only to the dorsal cibarial sense organ (Stocker and Schorderet, 1981).

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coeloconic sensillum of antennal segment 3 [FBbt_00004177]

Olfactory coeloconic sensillum that is part of antennal segment 3. A short conical peg arising from a broad basal platform, basally smooth but distally having deep longitudinal grooves. The peg has a double cuticular wall. The inner wall encloses a central lumen innervated by olfactory receptor neuron dendrites. Distally, the central lumen is connected to the outer, sensillum lymph-filled chamber by radial spoke channels. Morphology is consistent with these sensilla being olfactory (Shanbhag et al., 1999). This function has been directly confirmed by electrophysiology (Clyne et al., 1997).

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dorsal cibarial sense organ [FBbt_00004140]

Dorsal-most cibarial sense organ near the upper end of the posterior cibarial plate of the adult pharynx, and innervated by the pharyngeal nerve. It comprises two sensilla (anterior and posterior), each containing three gustatory receptor neurons. This term corresponds to the cibarial sense organ as used by Miller in Demerec (1994) and to the fulcral organ as used by Hertweck (1931).

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dorsal margin ommatidium [FBbt_02000000]

An ommatidial subtype located in a single row at the dorsal margin of the eye. This ommatidial subtype is specialized to detect the e-vector of polarized sunlight. The dorsal margin ommatidium expresses the opsin Rh3 (FBgn0003249) that detects polarized light in both photoreceptor R7 and R8 cells (Fortini and Rubin, 1990).

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dorsal pedicellar campaniform sensillum [FBbt_00004415]

A campaniform sensillum that is one of around 40 sensilla arranged in 10 transverse rows on the dorsal side of the pedicel. It is elliptical with a low profile and socket (type 5). The central cuticular specialization has a raised profile, and the sockets are fused to the sockets of adjacent sensilla in the same row. It is around 3-4 micrometers in length.

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dorsal row bristle of the cibarium [FBbt_00004137]

One of 6-8 singly innervated bristles of dorsal row of the cibarial fish-trap bristle, dorsal to the ventral cibarial sense organ. They are innervated by mechanosensory neurons. Disambiguation: these bristles are sometimes referred to as the ‘dorsal row’ (Stocker and Schorderet, 1981; Nayak and Singh, 1983), which may be confused with the ‘dorsal row’ sensilla of the anterior wing margin (Bate and Martinez Arias, 1991). They are also referred to as the upper (or proximal) fishtrap bristles (Gendre et al., 2004).

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dorsal triple row bristle [FBbt_00100103]

Multiply innervated, recurved bristle of the dorsal triple row involved in chemosensation. This bristle has a conspicuous terminal pore. Palka et al., (1979) show that of the five dendrites innervating the wing margin chemosensory bristles, one contains a microtubular body, suggesting it to be a mechanosensory neuron. That this bristle is chemosensory in nature is based on the presence of the terminal pore and multiple innervation with dendrites extending to the pore (Palka et al., 1979).

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dorso-lateral group terminal organ sensillum [FBbt_00002706]

One of 3 dorso-laterally located sensilla of the larval terminal organ. Jurgens et al. (1986), explain that the DLP and DMP are considered to be of different origins to the other 7 papillae of the terminal organ/MxSO because their axons do not join the maxillary nerve and they are found in different locations in certain homeotic mutants.

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dorsolateral papilla [FBbt_00002679]

Papilla of the dorsolateral group of the terminal organ, on the head of the embryo/larva. It is located more laterally than the dorsomedial papilla, next to the spot sensillum of the dorsolateral group. This sensillum is innervated by one dendrite, which ends with a tubular body, indicative of mechanosensation, below the bud-shaped cuticle shaft (Rist and Thum, 2017).

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embryonic/larval labial organ [FBbt_00002720]

A compound external sense organ of the late embryo or larva. It is located in the lower lip of the external opening of the atrium. It consists of 3 sensilla, one with 3 neurons and the others with one each. Neurons of the labial organ and hypophysis (labial sensory organ) form a large cluster flanking the salivary duct.

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eo-type sensillum [FBbt_00007232]

Sensillum with innervated external cuticular sensory structure consisting of one or more bipolar sensory neurons, and 3 support cells: a trichogen cell which makes the external cuticular sensory structure, a thecogen cell which makes the socket that holds the base of the external sensory structure and a tormogen cell which makes the cuticular matrix (cap) at the tip of the innervating dendrite(s).

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epiphysis [FBbt_00007281]

Paired compound sense organ of the labral complex in the larval head. It consists of 6 sensilla in the larval pharynx: one tri-dendritic, 2 bi-dendritic and 3 mono-dendritic. Projections from the epiphysis generally, though not exclusively, target the contralateral subesophageal ganglion area 1 (Colomb et al., 2007). Colomb et al., (2007) report that labral nerve projections pass through area 2 and into area 1 of the subesophageal ganglion. In the majority of cases they then target the contralateral area 2. An exception to this is one epiphysis fiber (which labels with Gr2a-GAL4) which targets inside area 4.

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giant sensillum of the dorsal radius [FBbt_00004083]

Large, singly-innervated campaniform sensillum on the posterior face of the distal radius of the adult wing. It is a large circular sensillum, with a high profile and a distinct discontinuity between the dome and socket. It is around 9 micrometers in diameter. Note that several references use the term ‘giant sensillum of the radius’ (e.g. Palka et al., 1979), and others use the term ‘giant sensillum of the dorsal radius’ (e.g. Huang et al., 1991). For consistency, we adopt this latter usage.

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gonopod long bristle [FBbt_00004467]

Single long bristle of the female gonopod. Note: currently there is no direct evidence that these neurons are definitely chemosensory. That they are likely to be chemosensory in nature is based on their morphology (Taylor, 1989), that they are multiply innervated (Taylor, 1989), and behavioral observations of the animals during egg laying (Yang et al., 2008).

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gonopod thorn bristle [FBbt_00004466]

Thorn bristle of the female gonopod. There are 11-16 of these. Note: currently there is no direct evidence that these neurons are definitely chemosensory. That they are likely to be chemosensory in nature is based on their morphology (Taylor, 1989), that they are multiply innervated (Taylor, 1989), and behavioral observations of the animals during egg laying (Yang et al., 2008).

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grooved sensillum [FBbt_00005191]

Sensillum that is double-walled, containing an open slit channel system. For three-fourths of its length from the tip, the cuticular surface bears alternating longitudinal grooves and ridges. In cross-section, the cuticle is hollow and looks like a ring of spheres, each with a small solid cuticular ridge on its external surface. In the groove, between two ridges, there is a small slit, exposing the interior of the sensillum to the outside. Proximally, the lateral walls of adjacent cuticular ridges fuse. The inner wall surrounds the lumen of the hair, which contains a thin, loosely scattered, electron-lucent homogeneous material. It is innervated by two sensory neurons. There are 2 types of grooved sensillum, both found in chamber III of the sacculus.

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grooved sensillum 2 [FBbt_00004182]

Sensillum of the dorsal compartment of chamber III of the sacculus of the antenna. The sensilla are slender than the grooved sensillum 1 and bear 6-8 grooves with slit channels. They are innervated by 2 sensory cells, one olfactory and one thermo-sensitive neuron. There are 11 sensilla of this type (Shanbhag et al., 1995).

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