Thermosensory neuron with its soma in the adult brain, anterior to the antennal lobe, that has no dendrites and expresses TrpA1 (Hamada et al., 2008; Shih and Chiang, 2011). It is activated by elevated temperature and is necessary for normal warmth-avoidance behavior (Hamada et al., 2008). It innervates the antennal lobe glomeruli VL2a and VL2p and the subesophageal zone, then projects obliquely towards the ipsilateral posterior superior lateral protocerebrum before branching to give extensive symmetrical arborizations in the superior medial protocerebrum in both hemispheres (Hamada et al., 2008; Shih and Chiang, 2011). It is serotonergic (Shih and Chiang, 2011). Neurotransmitter type was assessed by immunostaining with 5-HT (Shih and Chiang, 2011).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior-ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the TRdm hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the contralateral flange. It has presynapses in the contralateral flange and the ipsilateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the contralateral flange and the ipsilateral flange. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the contralateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the ipsilateral flange. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the ipsilateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult endocrine neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the mushroom body calyx. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the contralateral flange. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the contralateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult motor neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior-ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the prow. It belongs to the TRdm hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the gnathal ganglia. It belongs to the LB5 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral flange and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal lobe. It belongs to the FLAa3 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange, the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum and the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult brain-intrinsic neuron with its soma in the brain, anterior to the prow. It belongs to the FLAa3 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange, the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the contralateral superior medial protocerebrum. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult serotonergic sugar-SEL projection neuron with its ascending projection to the pars intercerebralis in the contralateral median bundle (Yao and Scott, 2022).
Large serotonergic interneuron of the adult brain whose cell body is located close to the antennal lobe. Its dendrites innervate the ipsilateral antennal lobe (Roy et al., 2007), then it joins the medial antennal lobe tract, branching out to innervate the ipsilateral mushroom body calyx, lateral horn and the superior neuropils (Roy et al., 2007, Tanaka et al., 2012). It crosses the midline, innervating the same higher brain regions on the contralateral side, then follows the contralateral medial antennal lobe tract to the contralateral antennal lobe (Roy et al., 2007, Tanaka et al., 2012). It innervates all contralateral antennal lobe glomeruli with a non-glomerular pattern (Tanaka et al., 2012). It receives mixed input and output in all contralateral innervation regions, except for the antler, which is an input region (Coates et al., 2020). The ipsilateral antennal lobe is also an input region (Coates et al., 2020). In the contralateral antennal lobe it is synapsed to and by dense ABAF and patchy local neurons, as well as projection neurons (PNs), and has particularly strong input from DM5 uniglomerular PNs (Coates et al., 2020). It also receives input from SIMPAL neurons in the contralateral antennal lobe (Coates et al., 2020). In the lateral horn it receives input from all three main types of neuron (LHIN, LHON and LHLN) and outputs to LHLNs and LHONs (Coates et al., 2020). In the antler it receives input from a subset of bilaterally projecting wind sensitive wedge projection neurons (Coates et al., 2020). There is one of these cells per hemisphere, which is modified from its larval form during the pupal stage (Roy et al., 2007). Huser et al. (2012) classify this as an IP neuron based on classification of larval CSD neuron. Giang et al. (2011) and Kasture et al. (2018) list the adult CSD neuron as being distinct from the adult IP cluster. May be the same as the AMP neuron from Sitaraman et al. (2008) - FBrf0204454, similar location and large nuclear size (see also FBrf0239252, FBrf0229627) and could not find a paper with both neurons or a good description of AMP [FBC:CP]. Not classified as a projection neuron based on its unpolarized nature (Bates et al., 2020 - FlyBase:FBrf0246460).
Male version of the adult dorsal posterior Ilp7 neuron, which expresses the male isoform of fruitless. This is a serotonergic neuron that innervates the seminal vesicle. There are 4 of these neurons, which are a subset of the serotonergic abdominal giant neurons. These cells are generated by post-embryonic neurogenesis in the late third instar larva. Unlike the female version, this cell is not a motor neuron and expression of postsynaptic glutamate receptors is much lower. They also express fruitless (FBgn0004652) but not doublesex (FBgn0000504). The expression of Bruchpilot was used to reveal presynaptic terminals (Castellanos et al., 2013). May be equivalent to or overlap with serotonergic abdominal giant (male) neuron 1 - FBbt:00048428 [FBC:CP].
Serotonergic extrinsic ring neuron of the DM3 lineage in the adult (Omoto et al., 2018). It follows the longitudinal superior medial fascicle and innervates the superior medial and intermediate protocerebrum, the crepine, the lateral accessory lobe and a dorsal layer of the fan-shaped body, with mixed terminals (Omoto et al., 2018; Hulse et al., 2020). It has mainly presynaptic terminals in both (bilateral) bulbs and the inner central domain of the ellipsoid body (Omoto et al., 2018; Hulse et al., 2020).
Adult fruitless neuron with its cell body located in the ventral mesothoracic neuromere (Lillvis et al., 2024). It has arbors ipsilaterally in three thoracic neuromeres and contralateral arbors in the mesothoracic neuromere (Lillvis et al., 2024). There is one of these cells on each side (Lillvis et al., 2024). It is dopaminergic and serotonergic (Lillvis et al., 2024). Only studied in males in Lillvis et al. (2024).
A serotonergic projection neuron of the gnathal ganglion (Scheunemann et al., 2018). There is one such neuron per hemisphere, with a soma located at the lateral border of the gnathal ganglion. It projects contralaterally into the gnathal ganglion and the saddle, crossing the midline close to the digestive tube. It also projects ipsilaterally to the superior clamp surrounding the mushroom body peduncle, where it connects to the MP1 dopaminergic neuron to trigger oscillatory activity, and to ventrolateral protocerebrum and the superior lateral protocerebrum. Its pre-synaptic terminals localize to the processes in the superior clamp, the ventrolateral protocerebrum, and throughout the gnathal ganglion and the saddle. It is involved in the initial period of long-term memory consolidation. It expresses the sex peptide receptor (Scheunemann et al., 2019).
Adult serotonergic sugar-SEL projection neuron with its ascending projection to the pars intercerebralis in the ipsilateral median bundle (Yao and Scott, 2022).
Adult visual centrifugal neuron with its soma in the brain, dorsal to the accessory medulla. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral medulla, the ipsilateral lobula and the ipsilateral posterior lateral protocerebrum. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral medulla. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
A serotonergic neuron that innervates the antennal lobe, projects along the lateral antennal lobe tract (lALT) and innervates the protocerebral bridge and the superior lateral protocerebrum.
Adult serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately six cells the inferior protocerebrum (Giang et al., 2011). Some of these neurons project to the contralateral hemisphere and innervate the optic lobe (Valles and White, 1988). There are also some arborizations in the superior medial protocerebrum and the posterior lateral protocerebrum (Xu et al., 2016).
Serotonergic LP neuron whose cell body is located in the optic peduncle, adjacent to the medulla layer. These cells are born during metamorphosis. There are approximately nine neurons in this cluster. Valles and White, 1988 split this cluster into LP2a and LP2b, but do not define these subgroups.
Adult serotonergic LP neuron whose cell body is located in the cell body rind of the lateral protocerebrum, anterior to the optic tract and posterior to the LP2 cluster (Valles and White, 1988; Giang et al., 2011). It arborizes in the ventrolateral protocerebrum and projects its axon centrally into the midbrain (Valles and White, 1988; Xu et al., 2016). There are approximately two of these cells per hemisphere (Giang et al., 2011).
Adult serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the posterior medial protocerebrum (Sitaraman et al., 2008). There around 12-16 neurons (Alekseyenko et al., 2010), organized into three clusters along the dorsal-ventral axis (Pooryasin and Fiala, 2015). Sitaraman et al. (2008) note that these posteriorly-located cells may correspond to ‘anterior’ serotonergic neurons identified by Valles and White (1988).
Adult serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the dorsal posterior medial protocerebrum (Pooryasin and Fiala, 2015). There are two to three neurons in this cluster (Giang et al., 2011; Pooryasin and Fiala, 2015). Stated to be an anterior cluster by Valles and White (1988) and Giang et al. (2011), mapped to a posterior cluster (PMPD) by Pooryasin and Fiala (2015). SP1 in Giang et al. (2011) also looks like PMPD in Kasture et al. (2018).
Adult serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the posterior medial protocerebrum, ventral to the cluster of PMPD neurons (Valles and White, 1988; Pooryasin and Fiala, 2015). There are approximately five of these neurons per hemisphere (Giang et al., 2011). Stated to be an anterior cluster by Valles and White (1988) and Giang et al. (2011), mapped to a posterior cluster (PMPM) by Pooryasin and Fiala (2015). SP2 in Giang et al. (2011) also looks like PMPM in Kasture et al. (2018).
Adult serotonergic SE neuron whose cell body is located laterally to the esophagus foramen (Valles and White, 1988). This cluster consists of two large and two small cells (Giang et al., 2011). At least some of these arborize in the subesophageal zone (Xu et al., 2016).
Adult serotonergic SE2 neuron whose cell body is located in the posteriolateral subesophageal ganglion (Valles and White, 1988). This cluster consists of three cells (Giang et al., 2011).
Adult serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the posteriolateral subesophageal ganglion, close to the midline (Valles and White, 1988). This cluster consists of approximately three cells (Giang et al., 2011).
Adult sugar-SEL neuron with local arborization in the subesophageal zone, spanning the midline (Yao and Scott, 2022). There is one of these cells per hemisphere (Yao and Scott, 2022).
Adult serotonergic neuron that has its soma in the lateral subesophageal zone ad responds to sugar stimuli from the proboscis (Yao and Scott, 2022). It has mixed presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in both hemispheres of the subesophageal zone, spanning the midline (Yao and Scott, 2022). There is a heterogeneous population of three of these cells per hemisphere, and they all contribute to the regulation of sugar intake (Yao and Scott, 2022).
Adult serotonergic sugar-SEL neuron that has an ascending projection to the pars intercerebralis via the median bundle (Yao and Scott, 2022). It also has mixed arborization in the dorsal subesophageal zone, close to the esophageal foramen, spanning the midline (Yao and Scott, 2022). There are two of these cells per hemisphere, with projections on different sides of the midline (Yao and Scott, 2022).
Adult descending neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the MX3 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the contralateral flange and the ipsilateral flange. It has presynapses in the contralateral flange and the ipsilateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult descending neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope and the ipsilateral superior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult descending neuron with its soma in the brain, near to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the LB7 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult descending neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior to the antennal mechanosensory and motor center. It belongs to the LB7 hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral inferior posterior slope. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult descending neuron with its soma in the brain, posterior-ventral to the gnathal ganglia. It belongs to the LB0_posterior hemilineage. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult descending neuron with its soma in the brain, ventral to the mushroom body calyx. It belongs to the SMPpv2_dorsal hemilineage. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange. It has presynapses in the contralateral flange and the ipsilateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Adult descending neuron with its soma in the brain, medial to the posterior lateral protocerebrum. It is a putative embryonic-born neuron. It has postsynapses in the ipsilateral flange. It has presynapses in the ipsilateral flange. Its predicted neurotransmitter is serotonin. Uncharacterized putative cell type from Schlegel et al. (2023), based on FlyWire v783 (FAFB) data (Dorkenwald et al., 2023). Soma locations are based on the closest annotated neuropil region. Pre- or post-synapse locations are the fewest regions that collectively contain at least 80 percent of all pre- or post-synapses of these neurons in FlyWire. Neurotransmitter predictions are from Eckstein et al. (2023). Other annotations are based on annotations in FlyWire and are available in the supplemental material of Schlegel et al. (2023).
Serotonergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments A1-A7. The axon bifurcates into two thick branches as it enters dorsally into the contralateral neuropil. These two primary branches initially diverge in opposite directions and grow along the medial two-thirds of the neuropil, forming a circular pattern, with the branches meeting at the dorsal end of the neuropil. These neurons also extend an ipsilateral neurite, that seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of the serotonergic abdominal lateral neuron and follow a similar pathway, projecting anteriorly to form the majority of its branches in the next anterior segment. In the A7 abdominal segment, this neuron has a single primary neurite that extends centrally and forms extensive varicosities. It is born from the first-born ganglion mother cell of the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3a).
Serotonergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments A1-A7. Its contralateral branch forms a complex pattern at the ventral border of the contralateral neuropil that extends along the lateral margins. Its ipsilateral branch seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of the serotonergic abdominal medial neuron and follows a similar pathway, though extending a contralateral neurite about mid-level in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axis. This neurite extends a short way anterior along a midline tract. It is born from the second-born ganglion mother cell of the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3b).
tracing status-Traced, cropped-False [focussed ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM); JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; neuronbridge; is part of; female organism; Neuprint web interface - hemibrain:v1.1; JRC2018Unisex; adult brain; adult ellipsoid body extrinsic ring neuron ExR3; ExR3(ring)_L (FlyEM-HB:919763043)]
tracing status-Traced, cropped-False [ExR3(ring)_R (FlyEM-HB:1036637638); focussed ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM); JRC_FlyEM_Hemibrain; neuronbridge; is part of; female organism; Neuprint web interface - hemibrain:v1.1; JRC2018Unisex; adult brain; adult ellipsoid body extrinsic ring neuron ExR3]
Serotonergic interneuron of the larval ventral nerve cord that is part of lineage 26 (Burgos et al., 2018). From a ventral soma, one branch extends dorsally and another contralaterally (Zwart et al., 2016). This is likely to be equivalent to another type of serotonergic VNC neuron, but it is not clear which.
Larval serotonergic A1 neuron with its cell body located more medially. The axon bifurcates into two thick branches as it enters dorsally into the contralateral neuropil. These two primary branches initially diverge in opposite directions and grow along the medial two-thirds of the neuropil, forming a circular pattern, with the branches meeting at the dorsal end of the neuropil. These neurons also extend an ipsilateral neurite, that seems to fasciculate with the respective ipsilateral neurite of the A1-2 neuron, projecting anteriorly to form the majority of its branches in the next anterior segment (T3).
Larval serotonergic A1 neuron with its cell body located more laterally. Its contralateral branch forms a complex pattern at the ventral border of the contralateral neuropil that extends along the lateral margins. Its ipsilateral branch seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of A1-1, though extending a contralateral neurite about mid-level in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axis. This neurite extends a short way anterior along a midline tract.
Larval serotonergic A2 neuron with its cell body located more medially. The axon bifurcates into two thick branches as it enters dorsally into the contralateral neuropil. These two primary branches initially diverge in opposite directions and grow along the medial two-thirds of the neuropil, forming a circular pattern, with the branches meeting at the dorsal end of the neuropil. These neurons also extend an ipsilateral neurite, that seems to fasciculate with the respective ipsilateral neurite of the A2-2 neuron, projecting anteriorly to form the majority of its branches in the next anterior segment (A1).
Larval serotonergic A2 neuron with its cell body located more laterally. Its contralateral branch forms a complex pattern at the ventral border of the contralateral neuropil that extends along the lateral margins. Its ipsilateral branch seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of A2-1, though extending a contralateral neurite about mid-level in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axis. This neurite extends a short way anterior along a midline tract.
Larval serotonergic A3 neuron with its cell body located more medially. The axon bifurcates into two thick branches as it enters dorsally into the contralateral neuropil. These two primary branches initially diverge in opposite directions and grow along the medial two-thirds of the neuropil, forming a circular pattern, with the branches meeting at the dorsal end of the neuropil. These neurons also extend an ipsilateral neurite, that seems to fasciculate with the respective ipsilateral neurite of the A3-2 neuron, projecting anteriorly to form the majority of its branches in the next anterior segment (A2).
Larval serotonergic A3 neuron with its cell body located more laterally. Its contralateral branch forms a complex pattern at the ventral border of the contralateral neuropil that extends along the lateral margins. Its ipsilateral branch seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of A3-1, though extending a contralateral neurite about mid-level in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axis. This neurite extends a short way anterior along a midline tract.
Larval serotonergic A4 neuron with its cell body located more medially. The axon bifurcates into two thick branches as it enters dorsally into the contralateral neuropil. These two primary branches initially diverge in opposite directions and grow along the medial two-thirds of the neuropil, forming a circular pattern, with the branches meeting at the dorsal end of the neuropil. These neurons also extend an ipsilateral neurite, that seems to fasciculate with the respective ipsilateral neurite of the A4-2 neuron, projecting anteriorly to form the majority of its branches in the next anterior segment (A3).
Larval serotonergic A4 neuron with its cell body located more laterally. Its contralateral branch forms a complex pattern at the ventral border of the contralateral neuropil that extends along the lateral margins. Its ipsilateral branch seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of A4-1, though extending a contralateral neurite about mid-level in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axis. This neurite extends a short way anterior along a midline tract.
Larval serotonergic A5 neuron with its cell body located more medially. The axon bifurcates into two thick branches as it enters dorsally into the contralateral neuropil. These two primary branches initially diverge in opposite directions and grow along the medial two-thirds of the neuropil, forming a circular pattern, with the branches meeting at the dorsal end of the neuropil. These neurons also extend an ipsilateral neurite, that seems to fasciculate with the respective ipsilateral neurite of the A5-2 neuron, projecting anteriorly to form the majority of its branches in the next anterior segment (A4).
Larval serotonergic A5 neuron with its cell body located more laterally. Its contralateral branch forms a complex pattern at the ventral border of the contralateral neuropil that extends along the lateral margins. Its ipsilateral branch seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of A5-1, though extending a contralateral neurite about mid-level in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axis. This neurite extends a short way anterior along a midline tract.
Larval serotonergic A6 neuron with its cell body located more medially. The axon bifurcates into two thick branches as it enters dorsally into the contralateral neuropil. These two primary branches initially diverge in opposite directions and grow along the medial two-thirds of the neuropil, forming a circular pattern, with the branches meeting at the dorsal end of the neuropil. These neurons also extend an ipsilateral neurite, that seems to fasciculate with the respective ipsilateral neurite of the A6-2 neuron, projecting anteriorly to form the majority of its branches in the next anterior segment (A5).
Larval serotonergic A6 neuron with its cell body located more laterally. Its contralateral branch forms a complex pattern at the ventral border of the contralateral neuropil that extends along the lateral margins. Its ipsilateral branch seems to fasciculate with the respective neurite of A6-1, though extending a contralateral neurite about mid-level in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axis. This neurite extends a short way anterior along a midline tract.
Larval serotonergic A7 neuron with its cell body located more medially. This cell extends a single primary branch that extends centrally and disperses into a dense cloud of varicosities.
Ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A8. There is one cell body per hemineuromere. The primary neuron bifurcates next to the cell body to send out a small ipsilateral primary branch, which innervates the A7 neuromere.
Larval serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in a bilaterally-paired cluster in one of the abdominal neuromeres. There is a medial and a lateral neuron in each of abdominal segments A1-A7, and only one neuron in abdominal segment 8.
Larval serotonergic SE2 neuron whose cell body is located in the maxillary segment, in an anterior ventromedial position. There are usually three of these cells. They cells bifurcate close to the cell body, sending branches ipsilaterally and contralaterally. The ipsilateral branch remains restricted to the ventromedial part of the ipsilateral subesophageal zone. The contralateral branch splits more extensively to innervate more of the contralateral subesophageal zone (Huser et al., 2012).
Larval serotonergic SE3 neuron whose cell body is located in the labial segment, in an anterior ventromedial position. There are usually three of these cells. They cells bifurcate close to the cell body, sending branches ipsilaterally and contralaterally. The ipsilateral branch remains restricted to the ventromedial part of the ipsilateral subesophageal zone. The contralateral branch splits more extensively to innervate more of the contralateral subesophageal zone (Huser et al., 2012).
Larval serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the inferior protocerebrum, adjacent to the esophagus aperture. There are approximately three cells in this cluster.
Larval serotonergic IP neuron whose cell body is located anteriorly to the dorsal basolateral protocerebrum. A primary neurite projects to and innervates the antennal lobe. Another process projects dorsally to innervate the lateral and medial region of the posterior brain, including the region around the mushroom body. A single neurite crosses the midline and arborizes in the contralateral antennal lobe.
Larval serotonergic IP neuron whose cell body is located anteriorly to the dorsal basolateral protocerebrum. A primary neurite projects to and innervates the antennal lobe. Another process projects dorsally to innervate the lateral and medial region of the posterior brain, including the region around the mushroom body. A single neurite crosses the midline and arborizes extensively in the contralateral posterior dorsolateral and anterior basolateral regions.
Larval serotonergic IP neuron whose cell body is located anteriorly to the dorsal basolateral protocerebrum. A primary neurite projects posteriorly, bifurcates and innervates the basomedial brain regions.
Serotonergic LP neuron of the larva. It has a cell body located in the mid-lateral region, at the optic lobe margin and an axon that crosses the midline (Valles and White, 1988). It has medial projections to the basolateral brain area (Huser et al., 2012).
Larval serotonergic SE2 neuron whose cell body is located in the maxillary segment, in a more posterolateral position. A side branch of the primary neurite innervates the ventrolateral part of the subesophageal zone, while a second side branch arborizes in its dorsomedial portion before crossing the midline. The contralateral pattern consists of a dorsal process extending laterally to the middle of the neuromere before turning sharply anterior and branching. There are two of these cells.
Larval serotonergic SE3 neuron whose cell body is located in the labial segment, in a more posterolateral position. A side branch of the primary neurite innervates the ventrolateral part of the subesophageal zone, while a second side branch arborizes in its dorsomedial portion before crossing the midline. The contralateral pattern consists of a dorsal process extending laterally to the middle of the neuromere before turning sharply anterior and branching.
Larval serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located anterior to the SE1 in a cluster of four per hemisphere in the dorsal tip of the subesophageal zone, in the tritocerebrum (Shimada-Niwa and Niwa, 2014). All four neurons exit the brain via the antennal nerve, which is close to their soma location, and follow it to the frontal nerve junction before taking different routes (Shimada-Niwa and Niwa, 2014). One projects anteriorly to the pharyngeal muscle, the other three innervate the prothoracic gland and the proventriculus (Shimada-Niwa and Niwa, 2014).
Larval SE0 neuron that projects posteriorly to the enteric nervous system via the recurrent nerve (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It receives synaptic input from sensory neurons in the anterior AV compartment of the subesophageal ganglion (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It innervates the prothoracic gland and the proventriculus (Shimada-Niwa and Niwa, 2014). There are three of these neurons per hemisphere (Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Larval SE0 neuron that projects anteriorly to the pharynx. It receives synaptic input from sensory neurons in the posterior AV compartment of the subesophageal ganglion (Miroschnikow et al., 2018). It projects anteriorly to the pharyngeal muscle, fasciculating with the frontal nerve (Shimada-Niwa and Niwa, 2014, Miroschnikow et al., 2018). There is one of these neurons per hemisphere (Miroschnikow et al., 2018).
Larval serotonergic SE neuron whose cell body is located in the maxillary segment. Approximately three of these, identified by Valles and White, 1988, have cell bodies in an anterior ventromedial position. An additional two, identified by Huser et al., 2012, have smaller cell bodies and are in a more posterolateral position.
Larval serotonergic SE neuron whose cell body is located in the labial segment. Approximately three of these, identified by Valles and White, 1988, have cell bodies in an anterior ventromedial position. An additional two, identified by Huser et al., 2012, have smaller cell bodies and are in a more posterolateral position.
Larval serotonergic SP neuron whose cell body is located in the anterodorsal cortex (Valles and White, 1988). The primary neurite projects ventrally and bifurcates in the posterior basomedial region, broadly innervating both the ipsi- and contralateral basomedial region (Huser et al., 2012). There are usually two neurons of this type (Giang et al,. 2011).
Larval serotonergic SP neuron whose cell body is located posterior to the medial lobes of the mushroom bodies, posterior to the cell bodies of SP1 neurons (Valles and White, 1988; Huser et al., 2012). There are usually three to four neurons of this type (Giang et al,. 2011; Huser et al., 2012).
Larval serotonergic SP2 neuron that projects ipsilaterally and innervates the dorsomedial and basomedial regions, next to the vertical mushroom body lobes. From there, neurites extend contralaterally to sparsely innervate the dorsomedial and basomedial regions (Huser et at., 2012). It receives input predominantly in the ipsilateral protocerebrum and has outputs in the contralateral optic neuropil (Larderet et al., 2017).
Larval serotonergic SP2 neuron that mainly innervates the basolateral protocerebrum, with one of its processes projecting to the region around the mushroom body peduncle and another process sparsely innervating the lateral region (Huser et al., 2012).
Larval serotonergic T1 neuron whose cell body is located close to the ventral midline in the first thoracic segment. It branches next to the cell body, with the contralateral branch densely innervating the ventral and lateral regions of the prothoracic neuromere. The ipsilateral branch splits again, with one branch extending to the dorsal border and the other to the midline, sparsely innervating the contralateral side.
Larval serotonergic T1 neuron whose cell body is located close to the ventral midline in the first thoracic segment. It bifurcates into an ipsi- and contralateral branch. The former splits again and innervates the ipsilateral hemineuromere completely from ventral to dorsal. The contralateral branch arborizes less extensively in the ventromedial region.
Larval serotonergic thoracic neuron whose cell body is located close to the ventral midline in the second thoracic segment. Huser et al., (2012) mentions that these neurons have a similar morphology to the serotonergic abdominal ones (A1-A7), though no detailed description is provided.
Larval serotonergic thoracic neuron whose cell body is located close to the ventral midline in the third thoracic segment. Huser et al., (2012) mentions that these neurons have a similar morphology to the serotonergic abdominal ones (A1-A7), though no detailed description is provided.
Larval serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in a bilaterally-paired cluster in one of the thoracic neuromeres. There is a medial and a lateral neuron in each of abdominal segments T2 and T3 and three neurons in T1.
Serotonergic neuron located ventrolaterally in each segment of the larval ventral nerve cord. There is a pair of these neurons (one medial, one lateral) on either side of the midline in T2 to A7, with three in T1 and one in A8.
A serotonergic (Lee et al., 2011) and GABAergic (Haynes et al., 2015) mushroom body intrinsic neuron of the adult whose large cell body (~12um) is located in the dorsal posterior medial area of the brain, ventromedial to the calyx (Waddell et al., 2000; Tanaka et al., 2008). There is one of these cells per hemisphere and it innervates the entire ipsilateral mushroom body lobe system and distal pedunculus (Tanaka et al., 2008; Li et al., 2020). Its cell body fiber bifurcates in the superior neuropils, with one branch entering the tip of the gamma lobe and the other branching to enter at the base of the alpha lobe/lateral gamma lobe and the tip of the alpha’ lobe (Waddell et al., 2000; Tanaka et al., 2008). It is synapsed to and by Kenyon cells throughout the mushroom body lobes and also has outputs to dopaminergic mushroom body input neurons (DANs) and mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) (Takemura et al., 2017; Li et al., 2020). This neuron is also electrically connected to the mushroom body anterior paired lateral cell (Wu et al., 2011). It is involved in sleep and memory consolidation (Haynes et al., 2015). Pre-synaptic terminals were identified using the pre-synaptic marker Bruchpilot in DPM neurons genetically labelled with the c316-GAL4 driver [FBti0017056] (Pitman et al., 2011). Electrical connectivity was inferred using dye coupling (Wu et al., 2011). Neurotransmitter release was assessed by immunostaining to two different serotonergic antibodies: 5HT and Ddc (Lee et al., 2011). Detectable by its large amn-expressing cell body (Waddell et al., 2000).
Male-specific, serotonergic neuron that is located in the posterior region of the abdominal ganglion. It expresses the male isoform of fruitless. There are eight of these neurons in a dorsal cluster and they have relatively large cell bodies. They fasciculate with the abdominal nerve trunk and innervate the male reproductive organs. Members of this group innervate the testicular ducts, seminal vesicles, accessory glands and/or an anterior part of the ejaculatory duct.
Serotonergic abdominal giant (male) neuron that is also dopaminergic. There are approximately four of these cells and they play a role in regulating copulation duration (Jois et al., 2018). May be equivalent to or overlap with adult dorsal posterior Ilp7 (male) neuron - FBbt:00111305 [FBC:CP].
Serotonergic neuron that fasciculates with the nervus corporis cardiaci I (NccI) and arborizes in the corpus cardiacum and along the aorta. The origin of these fibers is most likely the ventricular ganglion (Siegmund and Korge, 2001).
Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the inferior protocerebrum (inferior neuropils). There is one cluster per hemisphere, of approximately three of these cells in the larva and six in the adult.
Serotonergic IP neuron whose cell body is located anteriorly to the dorsal basolateral protocerebrum. A primary neurite projects to and innervates the antennal lobe. Another process projects dorsally to innervate the lateral and medial region of the posterior brain, including the region around the mushroom body. A single neurite crosses the midline and arborizes in the contralateral antennal lobe.
Serotonergic IP neuron whose cell body is located anteriorly to the dorsal basolateral protocerebrum. It arborizes extensively in the contralateral hemisphere.
Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the lateral protocerebrum. There is one cluster of these cells per hemisphere in the larva and three in the adult (Giang et al., 2011).
Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located anterior to the SE1 cluster. In the larva, there is one cluster on either side of the ventral midline in the dorsal tip of the subesophageal zone, in the tritocerebrum. There around 4 cells in this cluster, 3 of which innervate the prothoracic gland.
Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 3 clusters on either side of the ventral midline in the ventral nerve cord of the mandibular segment. Axons from this cluster cross the midline in the mandibular segment. In the adult they are located adjacent to the esophagus foramen. There are 2 cells in this cluster.
Serotonergic neuron of the second cluster of serotonergic neurons of the subesophageal zone. DISAMBIGUATION: P.Taghert has confirmed that the serotonin-expressing SE2 cells are a distinct, non-overlapping cell population to the FMRFamide-expressing SE2 cells.
Serotonergic neuron of the third cluster of serotonergic neurons of the subesophageal zone. Valles and White (1988) comment that they originally thought the SE3 cluster was prothoracic and not part of the subesophageal ganglion, but reviewed their opinion based on further study. Disambiguation: P.Taghert has confirmed that the serotonin-expressing SE3 cells are a distinct, non-overlapping cell population to the FMRFamide expressing SE3 cells.
Serotonergic neuron of the larval or adult brain located in one of two groups in the supraesophageal ganglion, in either the anterodorsal cortex (SP1) or slightly more posteriorly but also in the dorsal cortex region (SP2) (Valles and White, 1988).
Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the anterodorsal brain, in a cluster anterior to the serotonergic SP2 neurons. There are approximately two cells in the larva and two to three cells in the adult (Giang et al., 2011). The name SP1 is more commonly used to refer to an unrelated neuron (FBbt:00001367) that contributes to the ventral nerve cord in the larva.
Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in the in the anterodorsal brain, in a cluster posterior to the serotonergic SP1 neurons. There are approximately three of these cells in the larva and five in the adult (Giang et al., 2011).
Serotonergic SP2 neuron whose cell body is located posterior to the medial lobes of the mushroom bodies, and innervates both the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres.
Serotonergic SP2 neuron whose cell body is located posterior to the medial lobes of the mushroom bodies, and innervates both the ipsilateral hemisphere.
Serotonergic neuron located in the first thoracic ganglion of the larva, and ventromedial and posterior in the prothoracic neuromere of the adult (Valles and White, 1988). There are three cell bodies in this cluster.
Serotonergic T1 neuron located in the first thoracic ganglion of the larva, and ventromedial and posterior in the prothoracic neuromere of the adult (Valles and White, 1988). It sparsely innervates the contralateral hemisphere.
Serotonergic T1 neuron located in the first thoracic ganglion of the larva, and ventromedial and posterior in the prothoracic neuromere of the adult (Valles and White, 1988). It extensively arborizes the ipsilateral neuromere.
Serotonergic neuron located in the second thoracic ganglion of the larva, and ventromedial and posterior in the mesothoracic neuromere of the adult (Valles and White, 1988). There are two cell bodies in each cluster.
Serotonergic neuron located in the third thoracic ganglion of the larva, and ventromedial and posterior in the metathoracic neuromere of the adult (Valles and White, 1988). There are two cell bodies in each cluster.
Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of three clusters either side of the ventral midline in the pro-, meso- and metathoracic segments.