Tag: Neuroblast

abdominal 9 neuroblast NB5-4 [FBbt_00052513]

Neuroblast NB5-4 found in abdominal segment 9. It begins to express doublesex in the late embryo, resulting in sexually-dimorphic behavior in the larva (Birkholz et al., 2013). Appears to be two of these on each side in the larva (expressing same markers and generating similar male secondary lineage) - unclear whether this is due to division, migration or if one is a different type of neuroblast (Birkholz et al., 2013).

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Dd1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005947]

Neuroblast 1 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB5-3 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 9 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd10 neuroblast [FBbt_00005956]

Neuroblast 10 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd11 neuroblast [FBbt_00005957]

Neuroblast 11 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd12 neuroblast [FBbt_00005958]

Neuroblast 12 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd13 neuroblast [FBbt_00005959]

Neuroblast 13 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005948]

Neuroblast 2 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005949]

Neuroblast 3 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-3 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 8 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo. Urbach et al. (2016) could not unambiguously assign NB3-3 to either Dd3 or Dd6.

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Dd4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005950]

Neuroblast 4 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB4-4 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 11 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd5 neuroblast [FBbt_00005951]

Neuroblast 5 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB6-2 and NB7-2 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 9 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd6 neuroblast [FBbt_00005952]

Neuroblast 6 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-3 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 9 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo. Urbach et al. (2016) could not unambiguously assign NB3-3 to either Dd3 or Dd6.

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Dd7 neuroblast [FBbt_00005953]

Neuroblast 7 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB5-6 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 9 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd8 neuroblast [FBbt_00005954]

Neuroblast 8 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-5 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 8 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dd9 neuroblast [FBbt_00005955]

Neuroblast 9 of the dorsal deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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dorsal central protocerebral neuroblast [FBbt_00005876]

A neuroblast located in the dorsal region of the central protocerebrum. In the embryo, individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers) (Urbach et al., 2003).

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dorsal posterior protocerebral neuroblast [FBbt_00005878]

A neuroblast located in the dorsal region of the posterior protocerebrum. In the embryo, individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers) (Urbach et al., 2003).

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dorsal tritocerebral neuroblast [FBbt_00005968]

A neuroblast located in the dorsal region of the tritocerebrum. In the embryo, individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers) (Urbach et al., 2003).

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Dv1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005960]

Neuroblast 1 of the ventral deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dv2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005961]

Neuroblast 2 of the ventral deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dv3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005962]

Neuroblast 3 of the ventral deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dv4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005963]

Neuroblast 4 of the ventral deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dv5 neuroblast [FBbt_00005964]

Neuroblast 5 of the ventral deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dv6 neuroblast [FBbt_00005965]

Neuroblast 6 of the ventral deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-2 and NB4-2 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 9 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dv7 neuroblast [FBbt_00005966]

Neuroblast 7 of the ventral deutocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Dv8 neuroblast [FBbt_00005967]

Neuroblast 8 of the ventral deutocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB1-2 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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embryonic optic neuroblast [FBbt_00048429]

Neuroblast of the embryonic optic lobe that arises from the neuroepithelium. They are produced continuously between stage 12 and stage 17, with a final number of around 8 or 9 per brain lobe. They express similar markers to larval neuroblasts and produce neurons and glia during embryogenesis. They enter G0 quiescence prior to larval hatching and persist into the larval stage, they are among the last neuroblasts in the larval brain to reactivate (Hakes et al., 2018).

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embryonic optic neuroblast [FBbt_00048429]

Optic neuroblast that delaminates from the neuroepithelium during the embryonic stage (Hakes et al., 2018). These cells are produced continuously between embryonic stages 12 and 17, with a final number of around 8 or 9 per brain lobe (Hakes et al., 2018). They express similar markers to larval neuroblasts and produce neurons and glia during embryogenesis (Hakes et al., 2018). They enter G0 quiescence prior to larval hatching and persist into the larval stage, they are among the last neuroblasts in the larval brain to reactivate (Hakes et al., 2018).

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embryonic ventral midline neuroblast [FBbt_00005565]

Neuroblast of the embryonic ventral midline that is a precursor to larval ventral midline neurons, which are found in the ventralmost part of the ventral nerve cord (Kearney et al., 2004). There are four of these cells per neuromere and each divides once to produce two progeny cells (Kearney et al., 2004).

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gnathal neuroblast [FBbt_00051363]

A neuroblast located in one of the three gnathal segments. These are all homologues of neuroblasts in the thoracic segments (Urbach et al., 2016). The development of neuroblasts in the mandibular segment is significantly delayed compared to more posterior segments (Urbach et al., 2016) and their primary lineages are smaller (Rickert et al., 2018).

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larval terminal neuroblast [FBbt_00048511]

Neuroblast found in a terminal abdominal neuromere of the larval ventral nerve cord that exits quiescence in early larval stages (Ghosh et al., 2019). There are 12 of these cells, four of which express doublesex (Ghosh et al., 2019). In females, doublesex-positive neuroblasts die during larval stages (Ghosh et al., 2019).

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larval terminal neuroblast [FBbt_00048511]

Neuroblast found in a terminal abdominal neuromere of the larval ventral nerve cord that exits quiescence in early larval stages (Ghosh et al., 2019). There are 12 of these cells in each terminal region (consisting of A8-A10), four of which express doublesex (dsx) and die (before proliferating) in female second instar larvae (Birkholz et al., 2013; Ghosh et al., 2019). At least two of the dsx neuroblasts are NB5-4 (Birkholz et al., 2013).

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longitudinal glioblast [FBbt_00001405]

Glioblast that generates the interface (longitudinal) glia of the embryo, which become neuropil glia in the larva (Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008). It delaminates during embryonic stage 10, in the third wave of delamination (Doe, 1992). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). It divides once, symmetrically, to produce two glial cells (Klambt and Goodman, 1991). One of these cells appears to become the lateral posterior longitudinal glial cell and the other proliferates to generate a total of eight embryonic interface glial cells (Peco et al., 2016). It does not generate a secondary lineage (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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mushroom body neuroblast [FBbt_00007113]

Neuroblast that is the precursor to the Kenyon cells (Kunz et al., 2012). There are four of these per hemisphere and they each arise from a distinct neuroectodermal progenitor and produce morphologically distinct primary lineages (Kunz et al., 2012). They continue to divide from the embryonic to the late pupal stage (Lee et al., 1999; Kunz et al., 2012). All four produce largely identical lineages postembryonically (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013), sequentially producing gamma, alpha’/beta’ and alpha/beta Kenyon cells (Lee et al., 1999; Kunz et al., 2012). In the adult, each lineage remains distinct within the calyx and pedunculus, but the axons reorganize and intermingle within the lobes (Li et al., 2020). See Ito et al. (2013) figure S1 for distinction between MBp1-4.

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neuroblast ALad1 [FBbt_00067346]

Neuroblast that generates three types of antennal lobe projection neuron; uniglomerular, biglomerular and multiglomerular, which all tend to send axons to glomeruli of the mushroom body calyx (Das et al., 2013). The neurons have cell bodies on the anterior-dorsal surface of the antennal lobe in the adult (Jefferis et al., 2001; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast ALl1 [FBbt_00067347]

Neuroblast that generates antennal lobe neurons with laterally-located cell bodies in the adult (Jefferis et al., 2001; Yu et al., 2013). It skips the quiescent period beginning in late embryogenesis and produces a large number of neurons (200 or more) (Yu et al., 2013). It produces various multiglomerular and oligoglomerular primary local interneurons, many of which also project to the neighboring subesophageal neuropil (Das et al., 2013). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map dorsal and ventral hemilineages of ALl1 to dorsal and ventral hemilineages of BAlc.

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neuroblast ALv1 [FBbt_00067348]

Neuroblast that generates antennal lobe projection neurons with cell bodies in a cluster found ventral to the antennal lobe in the adult (Jefferis et al., 2001; Yu et al., 2013). This lineage mainly generates neurons with only short branches into the antennal lobe and more extensive ones into the adjacent basal brain compartments posterior to the antennal lobe. It also generates a few oligoglomerular and multiglomerular primary projection neurons (Das et al., 2013). Some neurons of this lineage, referred to as extra-antennal BAla1 projection neurons, do not enter the antennal lobe (Das et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAla1 [FBbt_00067348]

Neuroblast that generates antennal lobe projection neurons with cell bodies in a cluster found ventral to the antennal lobe in the adult (Jefferis et al., 2001; Yu et al., 2013). This lineage mainly generates neurons with only short branches into the antennal lobe and more extensive ones into the adjacent basal brain compartments posterior to the antennal lobe. It also generates a few oligoglomerular and multiglomerular primary projection neurons (Das et al., 2013). Some neurons of this lineage, referred to as extra-antennal BAla1 projection neurons, do not enter the antennal lobe (Das et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAla3 [FBbt_00050118]

Neuroblast of the deutocerebrum (Kumar et al., 2009) that generates a basoanterior secondary lineage that is closely associated with the BAla4 lineage in the late larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Wong et al., 2013). Its primary and secondary lineages enter the larval brain at the ventrolateral antennal lobe, alongside the BAla4 neurons (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). There are approximately 29 cells of this lineage in the adult, collectively innervating many neuropil regions (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAla4 [FBbt_00100560]

Neuroblast that generates a basoanterior secondary lineage that is closely associated with the BAla3 (VESa1) lineage in the late larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Wong et al., 2013). Its primary and secondary lineages enter the larval brain at the ventrolateral antennal lobe, alongside the BAla3 (VESa1) neurons (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015).

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neuroblast BAlc [FBbt_00067347]

Neuroblast of the deutocerebrum (Kumar et al., 2009) that generates antennal lobe neurons with laterally-located cell bodies in the adult (Jefferis et al., 2001; Yu et al., 2013). It skips the quiescent period beginning in late embryogenesis and produces a large number of neurons (200 or more) (Yu et al., 2013). It produces various multiglomerular and oligoglomerular primary local interneurons, many of which also project to the neighboring subesophageal neuropil (Das et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAlp1 [FBbt_00100563]

Neuroblast that generates a basoanterior secondary lineage that enters the neuropil lateral to the antennal lobe in the late larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Wong et al., 2013). Its primary lineage enters the brain at the ventromedial ventrolateral protocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2015). There are approximately 35 cell of this lineage in the adult, collectively innervating many brain regions (Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAlp3 [FBbt_00100565]

Neuroblast of the deutocerebrum (Kumar et al., 2009) that generates a basoanterior secondary lineage in the late larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). Its primary and secondary lineages contribute to the ventral longitudinal fascicle (Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). There are approximately 75 cells of this lineage in the adult, collectively innervating many neuropil regions (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAmas1 [FBbt_00100555]

Neuroblast that generates a basoanterior secondary lineage that enters the neuropil ventromedial to the antennal lobe in the late larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Lovick et al., 2013). Its primary and secondary lineages follow the median bundle (Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). There are approximately 60 cells of this lineage in the adult, collectively having major innervation of the flange and the mushroom body vertical lobe (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAmas2 [FBbt_00100556]

Neuroblast that delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 and belongs to the dorsal group of tritocerebral neuroblasts in the embryo (Urbach et al., 2003; Urbach et al., 2016). It displays serial homology to NB3-5 (Urbach et al., 2016). It generates a basoanterior secondary lineage that enters the neuropil ventromedial to the antennal lobe in the late larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Lovick et al., 2013). Its primary and secondary lineages follow the median bundle (Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its lineage is sexually-dimorphic, with prominent proximal neurite elaboration in the flange (Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAmd1 [FBbt_00100551]

Neuroblast that generates a basoanterior secondary lineage, which has cell bodies found dorsal to the antennal lobe in the adult brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Lovick et al., 2013). Both of its primary and secondary hemilineages produce viable neurons, with one hemilineage entering either side (dorsal and ventral) of the mushroom body medial lobe (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). It generates a sexually-dimorphic secondary lineage with prominent proximal neurite elaboration in the crepine (Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAmd2 [FBbt_00100735]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division. Might be the same as neuroblast WEDd2 (Wong et al., 2013 - FBrf0223298).

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neuroblast BAmv1 [FBbt_00050166]

Neuroblast with a relatively ventromedial location in the basoanterior larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It generates a lineage similar to that of BAmv2 (PSa1), entering the neuropil close to the antennal lobe and contributing to the medial longitudinal ventral fascicle in both adult and larva (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage develops a more complex branching pattern that of the BAmv2 lineage (Wong et al., 2013). In the adult, its lineage has approximately 100 cells, with strongest innervation in the fan-shaped body and noduli (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). It is the main contributor of neurons to the asymmetrical body (Kandimalla et al., 2023).

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neuroblast BAmv2 [FBbt_00100553]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast BAmv2 [FBbt_00100553]

Neuroblast of the deutocerebrum (Kumar et al., 2009) with a relatively ventromedial location in the basoanterior larval brain (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It generates a lineage similar to that of BAmv1 (LALv1), entering the neuropil close to the antennal lobe and contributing to the medial longitudinal ventral fascicle in both adult and larva (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has a less complex branching pattern that of the BAmv1 lineage (Wong et al., 2013). There are approximately 65 cells of this lineage in the adult, collectively innervating many neuropil regions (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BAmv3 [FBbt_00067346]

Neuroblast of the deutocerebrum (Kumar et al., 2009) that generates three types of antennal lobe projection neuron; uniglomerular, biglomerular and multiglomerular, which all tend to send axons to glomeruli of the mushroom body calyx (Das et al., 2013). The neurons have cell bodies on the anterior-dorsal surface of the antennal lobe in the adult (Jefferis et al., 2001; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAd1 [FBbt_00100614]

Neuroblast found in a relatively dorsal location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). In the larva, its lineage forms a bundle with the BLAd2-4 lineages, entering the superior lateral protocerebrum and forming the transverse superior intermediate fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, there are approximately 50 neurons of this lineage, which collectively innervate the lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAd2 [FBbt_00100615]

Neuroblast found in a relatively dorsal location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). In the larva, its lineage forms a bundle with the BLAd1, 3 and 4 lineages, entering the superior lateral protocerebrum and forming the transverse superior intermediate fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, there are approximately 70 neurons of this lineage, which collectively innervate several regions of the protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAd3 [FBbt_00100616]

Neuroblast found in a relatively dorsal location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). In the larva, its lineage forms a bundle with the BLAd1, 2 and 4 lineages, entering the superior lateral protocerebrum and forming the transverse superior intermediate fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, there are approximately 50-60 neurons of this lineage, with their arbors mainly restricted to the area around the medial superior lateral protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAd4 [FBbt_00100617]

Neuroblast found in a relatively dorsal location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). In the larva, its lineage forms a bundle with the BLAd2-4 lineages, entering the superior lateral protocerebrum and forming the transverse superior intermediate fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, arbors of neurons of this lineage are mainly restricted to the medial superior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAl1 [FBbt_00100618]

Neuroblast found in a relatively dorsal location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group during the larval stage, at the medial edge of the BLAd group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the larva, its lineage has a characteristic bifurcated tract that sends one branch posterolaterally and the other anteromedially (Hartenstein et al., 2015). It has two secondary hemilineages, one (medial) that follows the surface of the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum and one (dorsal) that follows the lateral surface of the superior lateral protocerebrum (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAl2 [FBbt_00050012]

Neuroblast whose lineage consists of two clusters of cells in the adult (Ito et al., 2013). A smaller, dorsal group collectively innervates the lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2013). A larger, lateral group innervates the optic lobe and projects contralaterally via the posterior optic commissure (Ito et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAv1 [FBbt_00100612]

Neuroblast found in a relatively ventral location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group, along the anterior edge of the optic lobe primordium, during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its primary lineage projects posteriorly, then medially, entering the ventrolateral protocerebrum (VLP) and some fibers continue medially to the great commissure (GC) (Hartenstein et al., 2015). It produces two secondary hemilineages, a posterior one that follows the tract of primary lineage through the VLP and GC and a medial one, that crosses the midline at the superior arch commissure (Wong et al., 2013). During metamorphosis, the hemilineage clusters move apart and the posterior hemilineage gains an additional, ventral, branch (Lovick et al., 2013). In the adult, each hemilineage cluster has approximately 60 cells (Yu et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAv2 [FBbt_00100613]

Neuroblast found in a relatively ventral location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group, along the anterior edge of the optic lobe primordium, during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its primary lineage projects posteriorly, then medially, entering the ventrolateral protocerebrum (VLP) and some fibers continue medially to the great commissure (GC) (Hartenstein et al., 2015). It produces two secondary hemilineages, a posterior one that follows the tract of primary lineage through the VLP and GC and a medial one, that crosses the midline posterior to the central complex (Wong et al., 2013). During metamorphosis, the hemilineage clusters move apart and the posterior hemilineage gains an additional, dorsal, branch (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLAvm [FBbt_00100619]

Neuroblast found in a relatively ventral location in the basolateral anterior (BLA) group, along the anterior edge of the optic lobe primordium, during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its primary lineage projects posteriorly, then medially, entering the ventrolateral protocerebrum (VLP) (Hartenstein et al., 2015). It produces two secondary hemilineages, a posterior one that follows the anterior optic tract and a medial one, with arborization around the dorsal VLP (Wong et al., 2013). During metamorphosis, the posterior hemilineage ceases to be visible (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLD1 [FBbt_00100620]

Most anterior neuroblast in the BLD group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It has descendants that enter the superior lateral protocerebrum and join the intermediate superior transverse fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the secondary stage, one hemilineage continues to follow this route and another follows a more ventrally-directed tract along the surface of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Lovick et al., 2013). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map lateral and posterior hemilineages of LHl4 to lateral and posterior hemilineages of BLD1.

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neuroblast BLD1 [FBbt_00100620]

Most anterior neuroblast in the BLD group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It has descendants that enter the superior lateral protocerebrum and join the intermediate superior transverse fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the secondary stage, one hemilineage continues to follow this route and another follows a more ventrally-directed tract along the surface of the posterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLD2 [FBbt_00100621]

Neuroblast with a relatively anterior position in the BLD group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It has descendants that enter the superior lateral protocerebrum and join the intermediate superior transverse fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map the dorsal hemilineage of SLPav2 to the dorsal hemilineage of BLD2.

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neuroblast BLD3 [FBbt_00100622]

Neuroblast with a relatively anterior position in the BLD group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It has descendants that enter the superior lateral protocerebrum and join the intermediate superior transverse fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the secondary stage, one hemilineage continues to follow this route and another follows a more ventrally-directed tract (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLD3 [FBbt_00100622]

Neuroblast with a relatively anterior position in the BLD group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It has descendants that enter the superior lateral protocerebrum and join the intermediate superior transverse fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the secondary stage, one hemilineage continues to follow this route and another follows a more ventrally-directed tract (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLD4 [FBbt_00100623]

Neuroblast with a relatively anterior position in the BLD group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It has descendants that enter the superior lateral protocerebrum and join the intermediate superior transverse fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the secondary stage, one hemilineage continues to follow this route and another follows a more ventrally-directed tract that reaches the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Lovick et al., 2013). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map the lateral hemilineage of LHl1 to the lateral hemilineage of BLD4.

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neuroblast BLD4 [FBbt_00100623]

Neuroblast with a relatively anterior position in the BLD group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). It has descendants that enter the superior lateral protocerebrum and join the intermediate superior transverse fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the secondary stage, one hemilineage continues to follow this route and another follows a more ventrally-directed tract that reaches the anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLD5 [FBbt_00050249]

Neuroblast with a relatively posterior position in the BLD group, close to BLD6 (Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al,. 2013). Its secondary lineage forms arbors in the ipsilateral lobula and contralateral medulla, following a characteristic straight commissural tract between these regions (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLP1 [FBbt_00100625]

Neuroblast whose neuronal lineage has relatively dorsal somas in the BLP group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Similar to BLP2, these neurons project anteriorly toward the junction between the optic lobe (or optic neuropil) and the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2015). During metamorphosis, the BLP3 and BLP4 somas migrate, to move dorsal to BLP1 and BLP2 (Lovick et al., 2013). In the adult its secondary lineage innervates the ventrolateral protocerebrum with additional projections to the posterior lateral protocerebrum and inferior protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLP2 [FBbt_00100626]

Neuroblast whose neuronal lineage has relatively dorsal somas in the BLP group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Similar to BLP1, these neurons project anteriorly toward the junction between the optic lobe (or optic neuropil) and the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2015). During metamorphosis, the BLP3 and BLP4 somas migrate, to move dorsal to BLP1 and BLP2 (Lovick et al., 2013). In the adult its secondary lineage is mainly restricted to the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLP3 [FBbt_00100627]

Neuroblast whose neuronal lineage has relatively ventral somas in the BLP group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Similar to BLP4, these neurons project towards the lateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2015). During metamorphosis, the BLP3 and BLP4 somas migrate, to move dorsal to BLP1 and BLP2 (Lovick et al., 2013). In the adult its secondary lineage innervates the lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLP4 [FBbt_00100628]

Neuroblast whose neuronal lineage has relatively ventral somas in the BLP group during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Similar to BLP3, these neurons project towards the lateral superior lateral protocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2015). During metamorphosis, the BLP3 and BLP4 somas migrate, to move dorsal to BLP1 and BLP2 (Lovick et al., 2013). In the adult its secondary lineage innervates the lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLVa1 [FBbt_00100630]

Neuroblast that forms a paired lineage with BLVa2 (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their descendants follow a longer fiber tract that those of BLVa3/4 that projects dorsally, entering the ventrolateral protocerebrum at the base of the lateral horn (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their cell body clusters shift dorsally during late pupal stages (Lovick et al., 2013). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map dorsal and ventral hemilineages of LHa2 to dorsal and ventral hemilineages of BLVa1.

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neuroblast BLVa1 [FBbt_00100630]

Neuroblast that forms a paired lineage with BLVa2 (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their descendants follow a longer fiber tract that those of BLVa3/4 that projects dorsally, entering the ventrolateral protocerebrum at the base of the lateral horn (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their cell body clusters shift dorsally during late pupal stages (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLVa2 [FBbt_00100631]

Neuroblast that forms a paired lineage with BLVa1 (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their descendants follow a longer fiber tract that those of BLVa3/4 that projects dorsally, entering the ventrolateral protocerebrum at the base of the lateral horn (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their cell body clusters shift dorsally during late pupal stages (Lovick et al., 2013). Suggested to be equivalent to neuroblast LHa4 in Hartenstein et al. (2017) - FBrf0234128, but BLVa2 mapped to LHa3 in Bates et al. (2020) - FlyBase:FBrf0246460 and Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 (and BLVa2a mapped to SLPav3).

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neuroblast BLVa2 [FBbt_00100631]

Neuroblast that forms a paired lineage with BLVa1 (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their descendants follow a longer fiber tract that those of BLVa3/4 that projects dorsally, entering the ventrolateral protocerebrum at the base of the lateral horn (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their cell body clusters shift dorsally during late pupal stages (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast BLVa3 [FBbt_00100632]

Neuroblast that forms a paired lineage with BLVa4 (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their descendants follow a short tract that projects dorsally into the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). VLPl1 mapped to BLVa3/4 in Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775.

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neuroblast BLVa4 [FBbt_00049155]

Neuroblast that forms a paired lineage with BLVa3 (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Their descendants follow a short tract that projects dorsally into the ventrolateral protocerebrum (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). VLPl1 mapped to BLVa3/4 in Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775.

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neuroblast BLVp1 [FBbt_00100633]

Neuroblast that is relatively posteriorly-located in the BLV group, close to BLVp2 (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). It produces two hemilineages that migrate apart at metamorphosis (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013). The BLVp1/2 of Pereanu and Hartenstein (2006) may be branches/hemilineages of BLVp1 (Cardona et al., 2010; Lovick et al., 2013 Wong et al., 2013). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map the posterior hemilineage of VLPl&p2 to the posterior hemilineage of BLVp1.

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neuroblast BLVp2 [FBbt_00049157]

Neuroblast that is relatively posteriorly-located in the BLV group, close to BLVp1 (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). It produces two hemilineages that migrate apart at metamorphosis (Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013). The BLVp3/4 of Pereanu and Hartenstein (2006) (FBrf0194268) may be branches/hemilineages of BLVp2 (Cardona et al., 2010; Lovick et al., 2013 Wong et al., 2013). Referred to as BLVp3 in the larva by Cardona et al. (2010) (Lovick et al., 2013). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map anterior and posterior hemilineages of VLPl&p1 to anterior and posterior hemilineages of BLVp2.

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neuroblast CM1 [FBbt_00050059]

Type II centromedial neuroblast of the posterior deutocerebrum (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its primary lineage enters the ventromedial cerebrum and contributes to the longitudinal ventral posterior fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). One main secondary tract follows this primary tract and another enters at the tip of the protocerebral bridge and projects anteriorly in the medial equatorial fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013). It the adult, secondary neurons of this lineage mainly arborize in the adult lateral accessory lobe and wedge (Ito et al., 2013). It also produces adult central brain and optic lobe glial cells (Ren et al., 2018).

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neuroblast CM2 [FBbt_00100568]

A type II centromedial neuroblast of the posterior deutocerebrum. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast CM3 [FBbt_00050142]

Type II centromedial neuroblast of the posterior deutocerebrum (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its primary lineage enters the ventromedial cerebrum and contributes to the longitudinal ventral posterior fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its complex secondary lineage has four main sublineage tracts (Lovick et al., 2013) and reaches many parts of the brain (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013), including the central complex (Kandimalla et al., 2023). It produces mostly neurons and only a small number of glial cells (Viktorin et al., 2011; Ren et al., 2018).

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neuroblast CM4 [FBbt_00050252]

Type II centromedial neuroblast of the posterior deutocerebrum (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). It gives rise to a small number of glial cells (Viktorin et al., 2011). Its primary lineage contributes to the fan-shaped body primordium (Riebli et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). One group of its secondary neurons enters the neuropil at the level of protocerebral bridge glomeruli 8-9 and includes central complex columnar neurons (Lovick et al., 2013; Andrade et al., 2019). Other main secondary tracts include one that enters the ventromedial cerebrum and joins the longitudinal ventral posterior-lateral fascicle and one that turns dorsally into the superior medial longitudinal fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013). Its secondary lineage mainly arborizes in the superior medial protocerebrum and central complex (Ito et al., 2013).

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neuroblast CM5 [FBbt_00100571]

A type II centromedial neuroblast of the posterior deutocerebrum. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast CP1 [FBbt_00100608]

Neuroblast that produces a primary lineage that enters the neuropil lateral to the mushroom body calyx with projections along the median bundle (Hartenstein et al. 2015). Its secondary lineage has somas in the posterior ventral superior medial protocerebrum, arbors in the superior medial protocerebrum and inferior protocerebrum, and ventral projections along the midline to the periesophageal neuropils (Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast CP2 [FBbt_00100609]

Type II neuroblast with a primary lineage similar to that of CP3, having a thick tract at the ventrolateral boundary of the calyx that bifurcates into dorsal and ventral branches, contributing to the oblique posterior tract and the dorsal component of the posterior-lateral fascicle, respectively (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has two clusters of somas in the posterior brain and innervates several regions of the ipsilateral brain, as well as the fan-shaped body (Ito et al., 2013). It produces adult optic lobe glia, as well as cell body glia of the lateral cell body rind region (Ren et al., 2018).

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neuroblast CP3 [FBbt_00100610]

Type II neuroblast with a primary lineage similar to that of CP2, having a thick tract at the ventrolateral boundary of the calyx that bifurcates into dorsal and ventral branches, contributing to the oblique posterior tract and the dorsal component of the posterior-lateral fascicle, respectively (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has two clusters of somas in the posterior brain and innervates most of the ipsilateral superior protocerebrum with some projections to the contralateral hemisphere (Ito et al., 2013). It does not produce any glia at any stage (Ren et al., 2018).

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neuroblast DALcl1 [FBbt_00100545]

DAL neuroblast whose primary and secondary lineages form dorsal and ventral tracts that enter the neuropil near the mushroom body spur and project medially, similar to DALcl2 (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). The ventral tract crosses the midline in the subellipsoid commissure (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). The dorsal tract crosses the dorsal surface of the mushroom body pedunculus (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the larva, terminal arborizations of primary DALcl1 dorsal neurons fill the anterior and medial inferior protocerebrum posterior to the elbow formed by the lobes of the mushroom body and ventral neurons innervate the lateral accessory lobe (LAL) (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, the anterior optic tubercle and bulb are major regions of secondary neuron arborization, as well as both LALs (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DALcl2 [FBbt_00100546]

DAL neuroblast whose primary and secondary lineages form dorsal and ventral tracts that enter the neuropil near the mushroom body spur and project medially, similar to DALcl1 (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). The ventral tract enters the lateral ellipsoid fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). The dorsal tract crosses the dorsal surface of the mushroom body pedunculus (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary neurons have more widespread arbors than DALcl1, reaching the anterior optic tubercle, bulb, lateral accessory lobe, superior medial protocerebrum and inferior protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DALcm1 [FBbt_00100548]

DAL neuroblast found flanking the antero-lateral surface of the mushroom body vertical lobe, medial to DALcl1/2, during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). its primary and secondary lineages each form two tracts, one of which joins the descending central protocerebral tract, and one that joins the frontal median commissure, similar to DALcm2 (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Wong et al., 2013; Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary neurons arborize in and around the mushroom body in both hemispheres and its ventral projections arborize in the lateral accessory lobe and reach the ventromedial cerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Lovick et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DALcm2 [FBbt_00100549]

DAL neuroblast found flanking the antero-lateral surface of the mushroom body vertical lobe, medial to DALcl1/2, during the larval stage (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its primary and secondary lineages each form two tracts, one of which joins the descending central protocerebral tract, and one that joins the frontal median commissure, similar to DALcm1 (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Wong et al., 2013; Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary neurons arborize in the anterior optic tubercle, superior intermediate and medial protocerebrum, lateral accessory lobe and crepine (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DALd [FBbt_00100550]

Neuroblast with a relatively dorsal location within the DAL group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006), lateral to the mushroom body vertical lobe (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). It produces neurons that descend from the protocerebrum to the ventral brain via the central descending protocerebral fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015), innervating the wedge in the adult (Ito et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DALl1 [FBbt_00100547]

Neuroblast found lateral to the DALcl and DALv groups (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its descendants enter the ventrolateral protocerebrum, with secondary neurons having a characteristic trajectory along the lateral surface of the peduncle and then backward to the anterior anterior optic tubercle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015).

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neuroblast DALl1 [FBbt_00100547]

DAL neuroblast found lateral to the DALcl and DALv groups (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its descendants enter the ventrolateral protocerebrum, with secondary neurons having a characteristic trajectory along the lateral surface of the peduncle and then backward to the anterior anterior optic tubercle (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary lineage arborizes in the lateral horn, superior intermediate and medial protocerebrum, anterior optic tubercle and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DALv1 [FBbt_00100543]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division. Might be the same as neuroblast VLPa2 (Wong et al., 2013 - FBrf0223298).

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neuroblast DALv2 [FBbt_00050136]

DAL neuroblast ventral to DALv1 (Hartenstein et al., 2015). It is found in the dorsal group of posterior protocerebral neuroblasts during the embryonic stage (Urbach et al., 2003; Kumar et al., 2009). Its primary neurons project to the larval lateral accessory lobe and mushroom body medial lobe (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Some primary neurons persist to the adult stage to target the fan-shaped body and noduli (Kandimalla et al., 2023). Each DALv2 neuroblast produces approximately 135 large-field central complex secondary neurons, the vast majority of which are ellipsoid body R-neurons (Omoto et al., 2018; Kandimalla et al., 2023).

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neuroblast DALv3 [FBbt_00100645]

Ventral DAL neuroblast. It is part of the deutocerebrum (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division. Bridi et al. (2019) - FlyBase:FBrf0243005 suggest that Ppd5 corresponds to EBa1/p1 and DALv2/3.

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neuroblast DALv3 [FBbt_00100645]

DAL neuroblast ventral to DALv1 (Hartenstein et al., 2015), in the protocerebrum (Kumar et al., 2009). Its primary neurons project to the lateral surface of the larval lateral accessory lobe and form arborizations (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Some primary neurons persist to the adult stage and target the fan-shaped body and noduli (Kandimalla et al., 2023). Its secondary neurons follow the anterior component of the lateral ellipsoid fascicle towards the ellipsoid body, then branches cross the ellipsoid body dorsally and ventrally in the supra- and sub-ellipsoid body commissures (Lovick et al., 2013). These neurons arborize in the ipsilateral and contralateral inferior protocerebrum and in the superior medial protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DAMd1 [FBbt_00100540]

Neuroblast that is relatively dorsal within the DAM group (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). Its lineage follows a medially-projecting tract that crosses the midline (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Lovick et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary neurons have their cell bodies in the superior medial protocerebrum and arborize in the superior medial brain (Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLal1 [FBbt_00100591]

Neuroblast that generates a primary lineage that enters the superior lateral protocerebrum laterally and projects a thick bundle, the transverse superior anterior fascicle, ventromedially towards the mushroom body pedunculus (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has dorsolateral somas and arborizes in the adult superior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLal2 [FBbt_00100592]

Neuroblast that generates a primary lineage that enters the superior lateral protocerebrum laterally and projects a thick bundle, the transverse superior anterior fascicle, ventromedially towards the mushroom body pedunculus (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has arborization across the ipsilateral superior protocerebrum, including the lateral horn, and projections via the superior arch commissure to the contralateral hemisphere (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLal3 [FBbt_00100593]

Neuroblast that generates a primary lineage that enters the superior lateral protocerebrum laterally and projects a thick bundle, the transverse superior anterior fascicle, ventromedially towards the mushroom body pedunculus (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has somas in the anterior superior lateral protocerebrum and arbors mainly in the lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLam [FBbt_00100590]

Neuroblast of the protocerebrum (Kumar et al., 2009) that produces a primary lineage with a short tract that enters the superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) medial to the transverse superior anterior fascicle and forms terminal arborizations in the SLP and the lateral inferior protocerebrum (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage arborizes ipsilaterally in the adult superior lateral, inferior, and ventrolateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLc1 [FBbt_00100595]

Neuroblast that produces a primary lineage that enters the posteromedial superior lateral protocerebrum and joins the medial posterior superior transverse fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary lineage has somas clustered in the dorsal posterior superior medial protocerebrum and arbors mainly in the superior protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLc3 [FBbt_00100597]

Neuroblast that produces a primary lineage that enters the posteromedial superior lateral protocerebrum and joins the medial posterior superior transverse fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has somas in the dorsomedial brain and projects laterally to arborize in the superior intermediate protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLc5 [FBbt_00100599]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPLc5 [FBbt_00100599]

Neuroblast that produces a primary lineage that enters the posteromedial superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP) and joins the medial posterior superior transverse fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). It produces two secondary hemilineages in the posterior brain that move apart from one another along the dorsoventral axis during development (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013). The anterior hemilineage enters the neuropil alongside the DPLc1-4 lineages, extending anteromedially into the anterior superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) and part of the SLP and forming arborizations that also spread into the inferior protocerebrum (IP) (Wong et al., 2013). The posterior hemilineage has somas in the ventroposterior brain and projects anterodorsally, joining the longitudinal superior medial fascicle and crossing the midline in the anterior–dorsal commissure, its arbors overlap with those of the anterior hemilineage in the SMP and IP (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLcv [FBbt_00100607]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPLd [FBbt_00100594]

Neuroblast that produces a secondary lineage that enters the neuropil lateral to the tip of the mushroom body vertical lobe (Lovick et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, one hemilineage projects medially curving around the surface of the vertical lobe and crossing the midline in the anterior dorsal commissure, and the other projects posterolaterally, forming an anterior component of the superior lateral longitudinal fascicle (Lovick et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLl1 [FBbt_00100600]

Neuroblast that forms a primary lineage that enters the superior lateral protocerebrum lateroposteriorly and projects anteriorly, forming the longitudinal superior lateral fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary lineage has somas in the anterior superior lateral protocerebrum and arborization mainly in the superior protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Ito et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLl2 [FBbt_00100601]

Neuroblast that forms a primary lineage that enters the superior lateral protocerebrum lateroposteriorly and projects anteriorly, forming the longitudinal superior lateral fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the larval stage the DPLl2 and DPLl3 lineages are indistinguishable (Wong et al., 2013). In the adult, an anterior hemilineage forms a ventral projection to the dorsal ventrolateral protocerebrum and a posterior hemilineage arborizes in multiple regions of the protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013). Projections are relatively dense compared to the DPLl3 lineage (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLl3 [FBbt_00100602]

Neuroblast that forms a primary lineage that enters the superior lateral protocerebrum lateroposteriorly and projects anteriorly, forming the longitudinal superior lateral fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). At the larval stage the DPLl2 and DPLl3 lineages are indistinguishable (Wong et al., 2013). In the adult, an anterior hemilineage forms a ventral projection to the dorsal ventrolateral protocerebrum and a posterior hemilineage arborizes in multiple regions of the protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013). Projections are relatively diffuse compared to the DPLl2 lineage (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLm1 [FBbt_00100605]

Neuroblast that forms a primary lineage paired with that of DPLm2, having somas lateral to the larval mushroom body calyx and a short tract that enters the posterior superior lateral protocerebrum and projects anteriorly (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage mainly arborizes in the adult superior lateral and intermediate protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLm2 [FBbt_00100606]

Neuroblast that forms a primary lineage paired with that of DPLm1, having somas lateral to the larval mushroom body calyx and a short tract that enters the posterior superior lateral protocerebrum and projects anteriorly (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage arborizes in the adult superior lateral protocerebrum and lateral horn, and has a component that exits the brain to project to the ring gland (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLp1 [FBbt_00100603]

Neuroblast that forms a primary lineage with somas lateral to the larval mushroom body calyx, along with DPLp2, its tract converges onto the dorsal CP2/3 tract and enters the oblique posterior (obP) fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015) In the adult, its secondary lineage is also similar to that of DPLp2, entering the posterolateral neuropil surface at the base of the lateral horn and arborizing in the lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013). A long, medial branch follows the obP fascicle, crossing the mushroom body pedunculus and the brain midline, forming terminal arborizations along its trajectory in the posterior inferior protocerebrum of both hemispheres (Wong et al., 2013). A massive projection is directed ventrally along the vertical posterior tract into the posterior lateral protocerebrum and posterior wedge (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLp2 [FBbt_00100604]

Neuroblast that forms a primary lineage with somas lateral to the larval mushroom body calyx, along with DPLp1, its tract converges onto the dorsal CP2/3 tract and enters the oblique posterior tract (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary lineage is also similar to that of DPLp1, entering the posterolateral neuropil surface at the base of the lateral horn and arborizing in the lateral horn and superior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013). A long, medial branch follows the obP fascicle, crossing the mushroom body pedunculus and the brain midline, forming terminal arborizations along its trajectory in the posterior inferior protocerebrum of both hemispheres (Wong et al., 2013). A massive projection is directed ventrally along the vertical posterior tract into the posterior lateral protocerebrum and posterior wedge (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPLpv [FBbt_00049161]

Posteriormost DPL neuroblast (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Wong et al., 2013). Cell bodies of its descendants move from a postero-dorsal position in the larva to a postero-ventral position in the adult (Lovick et al., 2013). Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 map dorsal and ventral hemilineages of VLPp&l1 to dorsal and ventral hemilineages of DPLpv.

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neuroblast DPLpv [FBbt_00049161]

Posteriormost DPL neuroblast (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006; Wong et al., 2013). Cell bodies of its descendants move from a postero-dorsal position in the larva to a postero-ventral position in the adult (Lovick et al., 2013). Its secondary lineage arborizes in the adult ventrolateral protocerebrum and posterior lateral protocerebrum (Wong et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPMl3 [FBbt_00100588]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPMl4 [FBbt_00100589]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPMm1 [FBbt_00050018]

Type II neuroblast of the brain that produces a neuronal lineage that enters the neuropil in a posterior medial location at the level of protocerebral bridge glomeruli 1-3 (Viktorin et al., 2011; Andrade et al., 2019). Its primary lineage contributes to the fan-shaped body primordium (Riebli et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its large secondary lineage produces numerous tracts with different trajectories, reaching many parts of the adult brain (Lovick et al., 2014; Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013). It produces larval glia that die by apoptosis before the adult stage, so that no adult glia are contributed by this neuroblast (Ren et al., 2018).

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neuroblast DPMm2 [FBbt_00100584]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPMm3 [FBbt_00100585]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPMpl1 [FBbt_00100577]

Neuroblast that produces a primary lineage that enters the neuropil medial to the mushroom body calyx and joins the posterior longitudinal superior medial fascicle (Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage has somas in the posterior ventral superior medial protocerebrum (Yu et al., 2013). In the adult, this lineage has arbors in the superior medial protocerebrum and ventral projections along the midline to the periesophageal neuropils (Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPMpl2 [FBbt_00100578]

Neuroblast that produces a primary lineage that enters the neuropil medial to the mushroom body calyx and joins the posterior longitudinal superior medial fascicle (loSM) (Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult, its secondary lineage follows the loSM, then continues medially to the fan-shaped body, where it forms wide-field arbors (Wong et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPMpl3 [FBbt_00100579]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPMpl3 [FBbt_00100579]

Neuroblast that produces neurons with cell bodies that are initially located close to those of the DPMpl1/2 lineages, but shift ventrally during metamorphosis (Wong et al., 2013). Its lineage projects along the medial equatorial fascicle (Wong et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). In the adult it innervates several ventral brain regions (Wong et al., 2013).

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neuroblast DPMpl4 [FBbt_00100580]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast DPMpm1 [FBbt_00050121]

Type II neuroblast of the brain that produces a neuronal lineage that enters the neuropil in a posterior medial location at the level of protocerebral bridge glomeruli 4-5 (Viktorin et al., 2011; Andrade et al., 2019). Its primary lineage contributes to the fan-shaped body primordium (Riebli et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage innervates the ipsilateral superior medial protocerebrum and the contralateral fan-shaped body and some fibers enter the medial antennal lobe tract (Ito et al., 2013). It produces many adult central brain glial cells (Ren et al., 2018).

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neuroblast DPMpm2 [FBbt_00050100]

Type II neuroblast of the brain that produces a neuronal lineage that enters the neuropil in a posterior medial location at the level of protocerebral bridge glomeruli 6-7 (Viktorin et al., 2011; Andrade et al., 2019). Its primary lineage contributes to the fan-shaped body primordium (Riebli et al., 2013; Hartenstein et al., 2015). Its secondary lineage produces the mushroom body dorsal paired medial cell (Ito et al., 2013). It produces many adult central brain glial cells (Ren et al., 2018).

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neuroblast LHa4 [FBbt_00110359]

. Suggested to be equivalent to neuroblast BLVa2 in Hartenstein et al. (2017) - FBrf0234128, but BLVa2 mapped to LHa3 in Bates et al. (2020) - FBrf0246460 and Eckstein et al. (2020) - doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148775 and Schlegel et al. (2023) - doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546055. Schlegel et al. (2023) suggest that the LHa4 clone might be LHa2 with shifted cell bodies (can happen for lateral lineages).

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neuroblast MBp [FBbt_00007113]

Neuroblast that is the precursor to the Kenyon cells (Kunz et al., 2012). There are four of these per hemisphere and they each arise from a distinct neuroectodermal progenitor and produce morphologically distinct primary lineages (Kunz et al., 2012). They continue to divide from the embryonic to the late pupal stage (Lee et al., 1999; Kunz et al., 2012). All four produce largely identical lineages postembryonically (Ito et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013), sequentially producing gamma, alpha’/beta’ and alpha/beta Kenyon cells (Lee et al., 1999; Kunz et al., 2012). In the adult, each lineage remains distinct within the calyx and pedunculus, but the axons reorganize and intermingle within the lobes (Li et al., 2020).

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neuroblast MNB [FBbt_00001419]

Unpaired neuroblast that forms from the mesectodermal cells of the ventral midline during the fourth wave of delamination (Schmid et al., 1999). During embryonic development, it gives rise to a cluster of around 8 cells with bilateral projections (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each segment from S1-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in segments S3 to A1 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 0 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast MP2 [FBbt_00001382]

Midline precursor cell that forms during the first wave of delamination in the medial column and divides only once (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S3-A10 and three are found in S1 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In abdominal and thoracic segments, it produces the intersegmental interneurons dMP2 and vMP2 (Schmid et al., 1999).

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neuroblast NB1-1 [FBbt_00001371]

Neuroblast that delaminates at stage 1 as the anteriormost neuroblast and generates the aCC and pCC neurons from its first ganglion mother cell (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). There are some differences in its progeny between gnathal, abdominal and thoracic segments (Schmid et al., 1999; Rickert et al., 2018). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 16 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB1-2 [FBbt_00001384]

Neuroblast that delaminates in the S2 wave and generates 4-6 intersegmental interneurons. It also produces approximately 20 local interneurons and, in thoracic segments, the semaphorin II (FBgn0011260) positive DC motorneuron. In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments and the first abdominal segment, generating secondary lineage 1 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB1-3 [FBbt_00001404]

Neuroblast located at the segment border close to the tracheal pit (Schmidt et al., 1997). It produces glia as well as neurons (Schmidt et al., 1997, Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from T1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). It does not generate a secondary lineage (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB2-1 [FBbt_00001410]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S4 and generates approximately 15 primary local interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Truman et al., 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 2 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB2-2 [FBbt_00001385]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S2 and generates three to four primary motorneurons that innervate anterior lateral muscles via the SNa and a large number of interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 10 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB2-3 [FBbt_00001421]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S5 and produces a primary lineage, of approximately 10 neurons, in thoracic segments only (Schmid et al., 1999; Birkholz et al., 2013; Lacin and Truman, 2016; Urbach et al., 2016). These primary neurons are mainly immature motor neurons that will connect to muscle targets in the adult (Lacin and Truman, 2016). In abdominal hemisegments it can be observed at embryonic stage 17, but it either does not divide or all progeny die (Schmid et al., 1999). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments and generates postembryonic lineage 15, consisting of a large number of leg motor neurons and glia (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB2-4 [FBbt_00001411]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S4 and generates a contralaterally projecting motorneuron and approximately 8 local interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from T1-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in T2-A1 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 18 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB2-5 [FBbt_00001374]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S1 and generates a diverse array of cell types during the embryonic stage, including a motorneuron, interneurons, glial cells and glia (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in T1 to A1 segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016; Marin et al., 2024). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 17 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB3-1 [FBbt_00001394]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S3 in the medial column of neuroblasts and generates the RP1, RP3, RP4 and RP5 motorneurons, as well as several interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 4 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB3-2 [FBbt_00001388]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S1 and generates around 6 motorneurons and a cluster of local interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in T1 to A1 segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 7 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB3-3 [FBbt_00001422]

Neuroblast that delaminates predominantly at S4 (Schmid et al., 1999). Its first embryonic division produces a ganglion mother cell, which generates a motor neuron (Baumgardt et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2022). Subsequent divisions are type 0, self-renewing and directly producing EL neurons as a Notch OFF hemilineage (Baumgardt et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2022). In the embryo, one of these neuroblasts can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 8 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB3-4 [FBbt_00001414]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S5 and produces a motorneuron, located on the posterior boundary of the clone, that projects into the anterior root of the ISN, as well as several interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments, producing postembryonic lineage 25, which contains motor neurons and glia (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB3-5 [FBbt_00001375]

Neuroblast that delaminates at stage 1 in the interior-most row of the lateral column (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984), and generates a diverse array of cell types including motorneurons, intersegmental interneurons, local interneurons, glial cells and sometimes a PNS sub-clone. In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments, and anterior (A1-A7) abdominal segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 9.

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neuroblast NB4-1 [FBbt_00001397]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S3 in the medial column and produces the transverse nerve motor neuron, as well as a variety of interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 14 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB4-2 [FBbt_00001389]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S2 in the intermediate column and, in thoracic and abdominal segments, produces the RP2 motorneuron, which innervates muscles 2, 9 and 11, and the cousin of RP2 motorneuron (CoR), which innervates muscles 26, 27 and 29 (Schmid et al., 1999; Birkholz et al., 2013). It also generates around 19 interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 13 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB4-3 [FBbt_00001423]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S5 and generates 2-3 neurosecretory cells that project together out of the CNS via the transverse nerve in addition to interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 21.

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neuroblast NB4-4 [FBbt_00001415]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S4 and generates a motorneuron and several interneurons during the embryonic stage (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 24, composed exclusively of motorneurons.

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neuroblast NB5-1 [FBbt_00001424]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S5 in the medial column that generates approximately 6-9 local interneurons, some of which project across the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). It does not generate a postembryonic lineage and, at least in thoracic segments, it is lost before the end of embryogenesis (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB5-2 [FBbt_00001376]

Neuroblast that delaminates at stage 1 in the medial column (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984). It generates a single motorneuron innervating muscle 12 via the SNb and a large number of interneurons, which constitute most of the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in at least S3-A7 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 6 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB5-3 [FBbt_00001390]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S1 and generates an SNa motorneuron and intersegmental interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in at least all thoracic segments and A1-A7 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 5 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB5-4 [FBbt_00001416]

Neuroblast that most frequently delaminates at S4 (Schmid et al., 1997). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S3-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in all thoracic segments (Lacin and Truman, 2016) and in the male abdominal 9 neuromere (Birkholz et al., 2013). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 22 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB5-5 [FBbt_00001425]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S5 and generates 8-11 large neurons including interneurons and neurosecretory cells (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from T1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). It does not generate a postembryonic lineage and, at least in thoracic segments, it is lost before the end of embryogenesis (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB5-6 [FBbt_00001377]

Neuroblast that delaminates during S1 and generates subperineural glia, cell body glia and interneurons during the embryonic stage (Schmid et al., 1999). Its first division produces a glioblast and a neuroblast that does not produce any glia (Bernardoni et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). It dies in abdominal and thoracic segments by apoptosis during late embryogenesis (Baumgardt et al., 2009; Lacin and Truman, 2016), but survives to produce a secondary lineage in the labial neuromere (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB5-7 [FBbt_00111737]

Neuroblast NB5-7 is located medial to NB5-4 in the embryo. It does not generate any embryonic progeny. It proliferates in the larval stages in the thoracic segments to generate postembryonic lineage 20. It is thought to have arisen as a duplication of NB5-4. Birkholz et al. (2015) suggest that NB5-4 generates postembryonic lineage 20; Lacin and Truman (2016) identify neuroblast NB5-7 and provide lineage tracing data showing that it generates lineage 20.

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neuroblast NB6-1 [FBbt_00001398]

Neuroblast that delaminates in the third wave and generates primary interneurons in every thoracic and abdominal segment and additionally generates a motorneuron in segment T1 (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in segments S3 to A1 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 12 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB6-2 [FBbt_00001391]

Neuroblast that delaminates in S2 in the intermediate column and, in thoracic and abdominal hemisegments, generates 8-16 primary interneurons that project in two bundles across the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016), and it migrates dorsally during embryonic development (Lacin and Truman, 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in segments S3 to A2 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 19 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB6-4 [FBbt_00001399]

Neuroblast that generates only glia in abdominal segments and the maxillary segment and both neurons and glia in thoracic segments and the labial segment (Schmid et al., 1999; Becker et al., 2016). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S2-A8 and A10 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016; Becker et al., 2016). It does not produce a secondary lineage and, at least in thoracic segments, dies in late embryogenesis (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB7-1 [FBbt_00001380]

Neuroblast that delaminates in the first wave and generates the largest primary lineage, producing more than 40 cells in each hemisegment (Schmid et al., 1999). Its embryonic progeny include the U neurons and a large number of local interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in segments S3 to A1 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 3, located at the posterior border of the neuromere (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB7-2 [FBbt_00001392]

Neuroblast that delaminates at S2 in the intermediate column and generates around 12 primary interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A9 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in segments S3-T3, but its secondary lineage is dramatically reduced in T3 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 11 (Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB7-3 [FBbt_00001426]

Neuroblast that delaminates in the fifth wave in the posteriormost row of the intermediate column (Schmid et al., 1999). Its primary lineage contains a motorneuron and three interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999; Karcavich and Doe, 2005). One of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016), until it dies after producing its third GMC, during the embryonic stage (Karcavich and Doe, 2005, Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast NB7-4 [FBbt_00001381]

Neuroblast that generates several glia during the embryonic stage, including channel, subperineurial and cell body glia, as well as interneurons (Schmid et al., 1999; Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008). In the embryo, one of these cells can be found in each hemisegment from S1-A8 (Birkholz et al., 2013; Urbach et al., 2016). In the larva, it resumes proliferation in segments S3 to A1 (Lacin and Truman, 2016). The neurons that develop from this neuroblast after larval hatching form postembryonic lineage 23, which has its cell bodies located laterally, just ventral to the neuropil (Birkholz et al., 2015; Lacin and Truman, 2016).

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neuroblast TR [FBbt_00100743]

Tritocerebral neuroblast that medioventrally borders the anterior deutocerebrum. Urbach et al. (2016) - FBrf0232096 state that there are 13 tritocerebral neuroblasts (Td and Tv designations), meaning that these terms are redundant with terms under ‘dorsal tritocerebral neuroblast’ and ‘ventral tritocerebral neuroblast’.

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neuroblast TRco [FBbt_00100576]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast TRdl [FBbt_00100573]

Neuroblast of the tritocerebrum that generates two secondary hemilineages (Kuert et al., 2014; Hartenstein et al., 2018). The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast TRdm [FBbt_00100572]

Neuroblast of the tritocerebrum that generates a secondary lineage (Kuert et al., 2014). The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast TRvl [FBbt_00100575]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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neuroblast TRvm [FBbt_00100574]

. The existence of this neuroblast is inferred from lineage data (Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006). This paper studies secondary neuroblast divisions. Although all of these lineages will correspond to a lineage from a known primary neuroblast lineage, only some will correspond to lineages from the secondary neuroblast division.

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outer optic anlage neuroblast [FBbt_00007418]

A neuroblast that is located in the larval outer optic anlage and that will give rise the to neurons of the adult lamina and outer medulla. It develops from a neuroepithelial cell in the medial region of the outer optic anlage. Neuroblasts in the medial edge give rise to the outer medulla neurons, whereas neuroblasts at the lateral edge give rise to lamina neurons.

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outer optic anlage neuroblast [FBbt_00007418]

A neuroblast that is located in the larval outer optic anlage and that will give rise the to neurons of the adult lamina and outer medulla. It develops from a neuroepithelial cell in the medial region of the outer optic anlage. Neuroblasts in the medial edge give rise to the outer medulla neurons, whereas neuroblasts at the lateral edge give rise to lamina neurons.

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Pad1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005842]

Neuroblast 1 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad10 neuroblast [FBbt_00005851]

Neuroblast 10 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad11 neuroblast [FBbt_00005852]

Neuroblast 11 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad12 neuroblast [FBbt_00005853]

Neuroblast 12 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad13 neuroblast [FBbt_00005854]

Neuroblast 13 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad14 neuroblast [FBbt_00005855]

Neuroblast 14 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad15 neuroblast [FBbt_00005856]

Neuroblast 15 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad16 neuroblast [FBbt_00005857]

Neuroblast 16 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad17 neuroblast [FBbt_00005858]

Neuroblast 17 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad18 neuroblast [FBbt_00005859]

Neuroblast 18 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005843]

Neuroblast 2 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005844]

Neuroblast 3 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005845]

Neuroblast 4 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad5 neuroblast [FBbt_00005846]

Neuroblast 5 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad6 neuroblast [FBbt_00005847]

Neuroblast 6 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad7 neuroblast [FBbt_00005848]

Neuroblast 7 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad8 neuroblast [FBbt_00005849]

Neuroblast 8 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pad9 neuroblast [FBbt_00005850]

Neuroblast 9 of the dorsal anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pav1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005862]

Neuroblast 2 of the ventral anterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005864]

Neuroblast 1 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd10 neuroblast [FBbt_00005880]

Neuroblast 10 of the central dorsal protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd11 neuroblast [FBbt_00005881]

Neuroblast 11 of the central dorsal protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd12 neuroblast [FBbt_00005989]

Neuroblast 12 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd13 neuroblast [FBbt_00005990]

Neuroblast 13 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd14 neuroblast [FBbt_00005991]

Neuroblast 14 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd15 neuroblast [FBbt_00005992]

Neuroblast 15 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd16 neuroblast [FBbt_00005993]

Neuroblast 16 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd17 neuroblast [FBbt_00005994]

Neuroblast 17 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd18 neuroblast [FBbt_00005995]

Neuroblast 18 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd19 neuroblast [FBbt_00005996]

Neuroblast 19 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005865]

Neuroblast of the dorsal central protocerebrum (Urbach et al., 2003) that produces larval Kenyon cells that have their cell bodies in a relatively dorsal cluster (Kunz et al., 2012). It also produces non-Kenyon cells (Kunz et al., 2012). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd20 neuroblast [FBbt_00005997]

Neuroblast 20 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd21 neuroblast [FBbt_00005998]

Neuroblast 21 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005866]

Neuroblast 3 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005867]

Neuroblast of the dorsal central protocerebrum (Urbach et al., 2003) that produces larval Kenyon cells that have their cell bodies in a relatively posterior cluster (Kunz et al., 2012). It also produces non-Kenyon cells, including a characteristic primary neuron that projects to the ventral nerve cord (Kunz et al., 2012). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd5 neuroblast [FBbt_00005868]

Neuroblast 5 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd6 neuroblast [FBbt_00005869]

Neuroblast 6 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd7 neuroblast [FBbt_00005870]

Neuroblast 7 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd8 neuroblast [FBbt_00005871]

Neuroblast 8 of the dorsal central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcd9 neuroblast [FBbt_00005879]

Neuroblast of the central dorsal protocerebrum (Urbach et al., 2003) that produces larval Kenyon cells that have their cell bodies in a relatively ventral, lateral cluster (Kunz et al., 2012). It also produces non-Kenyon cells (Kunz et al., 2012). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv1 neuroblast [FBbt_00006000]

Neuroblast 1 of the ventral central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005894]

Neuroblast 2 of the central ventral protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005895]

Neuroblast 3 of the central ventral protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005896]

Neuroblast 4 of the central ventral protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv5 neuroblast [FBbt_00006002]

Neuroblast 5 of the ventral central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv6 neuroblast [FBbt_00006003]

Neuroblast 6 of the ventral central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv7 neuroblast [FBbt_00006004]

Neuroblast 7 of the ventral central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv8 neuroblast [FBbt_00006005]

Neuroblast 8 of the ventral central protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Pcv9 neuroblast [FBbt_00006006]

Neuroblast of the ventral central protocerebrum (Urbach et al., 2003) that produces larval Kenyon cells that have their cell bodies in a relatively medial cluster (Kunz et al., 2012). It also produces non-Kenyon cells, including a characteristic type of primary neuron that exits the mushroom body pedunculus at the spur region and does not innervate the lobes (Kunz et al., 2012). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005924]

Neuroblast 1 of the posterior dorsal protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd10 neuroblast [FBbt_00005936]

Neuroblast 10 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd11 neuroblast [FBbt_00005937]

Neuroblast 11 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd12 neuroblast [FBbt_00005938]

Neuroblast 12 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd13 neuroblast [FBbt_00005939]

Neuroblast 13 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd14 neuroblast [FBbt_00005940]

Neuroblast 14 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd15 neuroblast [FBbt_00005941]

Neuroblast 15 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd16 neuroblast [FBbt_00005942]

Neuroblast 16 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd17 neuroblast [FBbt_00005943]

Neuroblast 17 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd18 neuroblast [FBbt_00005944]

Neuroblast 18 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd19 neuroblast [FBbt_00005945]

Neuroblast 19 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005872]

Neuroblast 2 of the posterior dorsal protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd20 neuroblast [FBbt_00005946]

Neuroblast 20 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005873]

Neuroblast 3 of the posterior dorsal protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005930]

Neuroblast 4 of the posterior dorsal protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd5 neuroblast [FBbt_00005931]

Neuroblast 5 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum (Urbach et al., 2003). It generates ring neurons and neurons that project to the superior protocerebrum (Bridi et al., 2019). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo. Bridi et al. (2019) suggest that Ppd5 corresponds to EBa1/p1 and DALv2/3.

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Ppd6 neuroblast [FBbt_00005932]

Neuroblast 6 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd7 neuroblast [FBbt_00005933]

Neuroblast 7 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd8 neuroblast [FBbt_00005934]

Neuroblast 8 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppd9 neuroblast [FBbt_00005935]

Neuroblast 9 of the dorsal posterior protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppv1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005925]

Neuroblast 1 of the posterior ventral protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppv2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005928]

Neuroblast 2 of the posterior ventral protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Ppv3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005929]

Neuroblast 3 of the posterior ventral protocerebrum. Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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secondary neuroblast [FBbt_00100738]

Progeny of the type II neuroblast that divides between 4 and 8 times to produce another secondary neuroblast and GMC, which further divides to produce a pair of neurons, glia or mixed neuronal/glial progeny (Bayraktar et al., 2010, Viktorin et al., 2011). There is heterogeneity regarding the gliogenic potential of the different secondary neuroblasts: some secondary neuroblasts will produce only glia, mixed glial/neuronal clones or only neurons and rarely glia. The glial lineage is located closer to the midline commissural region and more spatially dispersed toward the neuropile than the neuronal cells (Viktorin et al., 2011).

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segmentally-repeated neuroblast [FBbt_00051362]

Neuroblast that has serial homologues across multiple neuromeres. All neuroblasts of the ventral nerve cord and gnathal ganglia are segmentally-repeated (Urbach et al., 2016). Most neuroblasts of the tritocerebrum and some neuroblasts of the deutocerebrum also have serial homology to neuroblasts of more posterior segments (Urbach et al., 2016). Applies to neuroblasts at all stages of development [FBC:CP].

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segmentally-repeated neuroblast [FBbt_00051362]

Neuroblast that has serial homologues across multiple neuromeres. All neuroblasts of the ventral nerve cord and gnathal ganglia are segmentally-repeated (Urbach et al., 2016). Most neuroblasts of the tritocerebrum and some neuroblasts of the deutocerebrum also have serial homology to neuroblasts of more posterior segments (Urbach et al., 2016).

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stage 1 neuroblast [FBbt_00001370]

The first neuroblast subpopulation delaminating from the ventral neurectoderm towards the end of the second mesodermal cell division, shortly after gastrulation (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984). These neuroblasts are generally arranged in two fairly regular longitudinal rows (the medial and lateral longitudinal rows), with a few cells scattered in an intermediate row. Doe (1992) defines the end of S1 as being early embryonic stage 9 following the development of NB3-2.

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Td1 neuroblast [FBbt_00005970]

Neuroblast 1 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-2 and NB4-2 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Td2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005971]

Neuroblast 2 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB5-3 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Td3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005972]

Neuroblast 3 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB6-2 and NB7-2 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Td4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005973]

Neuroblast 4 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB5-6 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Td5 neuroblast [FBbt_00005974]

Neuroblast 5 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB7-4 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 11 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Td6 neuroblast [FBbt_00005975]

Neuroblast 6 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-5 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Td7 neuroblast [FBbt_00005976]

Neuroblast 7 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to neuroblast GP (glial precursor) (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 10 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Td8 neuroblast [FBbt_00005977]

Neuroblast 8 of the dorsal tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-4 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in embryonic stage 11 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Tv1 neuroblast [FBbt_00006046]

Neuroblast 1 of the ventral tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB3-1 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in embryonic stage 11 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Tv2 neuroblast [FBbt_00005978]

Neuroblast 2 of the ventral tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB4-1 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 9 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Tv3 neuroblast [FBbt_00005980]

Neuroblast 3 of the ventral tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB503 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in embryonic stage 11 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo.

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Tv4 neuroblast [FBbt_00005981]

Neuroblast 4 of the ventral tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB1-2, NB6-1 and NB7-1 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in early embryonic stage 11 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo. Urbach et al. (2016) could not unambiguously assign NB6-1 and NB7-1 to either Tv4 or Tv5.

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Tv5 neuroblast [FBbt_00005982]

Neuroblast 5 of the ventral tritocerebrum. It displays serial homology to NB6-1 and NB7-1 (Urbach et al., 2016). It delaminates in late embryonic stage 11 (Urbach et al., 2016). Numbering also indicates relative position: we follow the nomenclature of Urbach et al., (2003), in which neuroblasts are numbered from anterior-to-posterior and ventral-to-dorsal (so that numbers reflect relative positions along the dorsoventral axis). Figure 1 of Urbach et al., 2003, provides a survey of the spatial organization of the embryonic head and brain neuroblasts of a stage 11 embryo. Urbach et al. (2016) could not unambiguously assign NB6-1 and NB7-1 to either Tv4 or Tv5.

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type II neuroblast [FBbt_00100533]

Neuroblast that asymmetrically divides to produce a large daughter neuroblast cell and a smaller secondary neuroblast (also called a transit-amplifying GMC) that can generate up to ten daughter neurons or glial cells (Boone and Doe, 2008, Viktorin et al., 2011). Bayraktar et al., 2010, show that type II neuroblasts can be distinguished from type I neuroblasts as being Deadpan-positive, but Prospero- and Asense-negative.

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type II neuroblast [FBbt_00100533]

Neuroblast that divides asymmetrically regenerate itself and produce a smaller intermediate neural progenitor (INP), which can produce multiple ganglion mother cells (Boone and Doe, 2008, Viktorin et al., 2011; Ren et al., 2016). Each type II neuroblast can produce multiple INPs, leading to the generation of multiple sublineages and typically more progeny than type I neuroblasts (Ren et al., 2016). It arises relatively late during embryonic development, delaminating from the dorsal cephalic neuroectoderm during stages 11-15 (Walsh and Doe, 2017). These cells and any existing INPs enter quiescence shortly before larval hatching (Walsh and Doe, 2017). There are eight type II neuroblasts per hemisphere, all belonging to the brain (Walsh and Doe, 2017).

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ventral central protocerebral neuroblast [FBbt_00005877]

A neuroblast located in the ventral region of the central protocerebrum. In the embryo, individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers) (Urbach et al., 2003).

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ventral posterior protocerebral neuroblast [FBbt_00005921]

A neuroblast located in the ventral region of the posterior protocerebrum. In the embryo, individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers) (Urbach et al., 2003).

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ventral tritocerebral neuroblast [FBbt_00005969]

A neuroblast located in the ventral region of the tritocerebrum. In the embryo, individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers) (Urbach et al., 2003).

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