Tag: Nociceptive_system

abdominal anterior ventral multidendritic neuron vdaa [FBbt_00002517]

Larval class IV multidendritic neuron with its soma located relatively anteriorly in the dorsal (v’) part of a ventral sensory cluster of an abdominal segment (Grueber et al., 2002; Orgogozo and Grueber, 2005). Its dendrites cover a lateral region of the body wall of its segment and do not overlap with the dendrites of the dorsal (ddaC) or ventral (vdaB) neurons (Grueber et al., 2002). It develops from a common precursor with the abdominal v’esB neuron (Brewster and Bodmer, 1995; Veling et al., 2019). Its axon terminals are initially found in the ventral nociceptive neuropil, alongside vdaB (Li et al., 2019). In the early second instar, these terminals separate, leaving vdaa in an intermediate position between ddaC and vdaB (Li et al., 2019). It is remodeled into the adult vdaa neuron during metamorphosis (Shimono et al., 2009).

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embryonic/larval dorsal Ilp7 neuron [FBbt_00047232]

Ilp7-expressing neuron of the embryo or larva that belongs to the dorsal pair (one cell per hemineuromere) with cell bodies in abdominal neuromere 1 (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008). Unlike other Ilp7 neurons, it also expresses sNPF (Hu et al., 2017). It extends anteriorly and posteriorly along the length of the ventral nerve cord and its axon terminals reach the pars intercerebralis (Hu et al., 2017). It receives input from multidendritic neurons, including class IV neurons (Hu et al., 2017) and its activity can enhance, but not induce, mechanonociceptive responses, dependent on sNPF (Hu et al., 2017).

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larval A02m neuron [FBbt_00111248]

Larval interneuron of the A02m group that is early-born in the NB2-1 Notch OFF primary hemilineage (Mark et al., 2021). Its soma is located in the ventral cortex region close to the medial part of the neuromere. It is a small neuron that receives input from the abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC (Ohyama et al., 2015). Its soma is more dorsally-located than that of the A02n neuron (Ohyama et al., 2015).

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larval A08n neuron [FBbt_00047681]

Ascending projection neuron of lineage 8 with its soma in abdominal neuromere 8 of the larval ventral nerve cord. It extends anteriorly, close to the ventral midline, with regularly spaced, short, ipsilateral dendritic branches, and presynaptic terminals in the brain (Gerhard et al., 2017). It receives synaptic input from nociceptive class IV multidendritic neurons (Hu et al., 2017; Gerhard et al., 2017) and is involved in mechanonociceptive escape behavior downstream of these neurons (Hu et al., 2017).

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larval A10a neuron [FBbt_00111253]

Premotor neuron of the larval abdominal neuromere that is part of lineage 10 (Zarin et al., 2019). Its primary neurite extends dorsomedially and anteriorly arborizing across the midline. It receives strong input from the class IV dendritic arborizing neurons (Ohyama et al., 2015; Gerhard et al., 2017) and the class III dendritic arborizing neurons (Jovanic et al., 2019).

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larval abdominal 1 A02n neuron [FBbt_00047701]

Larval A02n neuron with a cell body located in abdominal neuromere 1. It is a small neuron with soma is located in the ventral cortex region close to the medial abdominal neuromere. It receives input from the abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC. Its soma is more ventrally-located than that of the A02m neuron.

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larval abdominal 1 down and back neuron [FBbt_00047727]

Larval down and back neuron of abdominal neuromere 1. it is a somatosensory interneuron that arborizes in the nociceptive neuropil and receives input from all three class IV dendritic arborizing neurons. The majority of its other input is also from sensory neurons and the majority of its output is to premotor neurons. From a laterally-located cell body, it projects ventromedially to the nociceptive neuropil and arborizes profusely. A single process also projects back laterally and dorsally towards the cell body. It is involved in activating bending and rolling behavior in response to nociceptive stimuli, such as noxious heat.

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larval abdominal 1 Wave neuron [FBbt_00047795]

Larval Wave neuron with a cell body in abdominal neuromere 1. Its axons and dendrites project anteriorly to the subesophageal ganglion and the thoracic neuromeres. It receives input from mechanosensory chordotonal neurons (Ohyama et al., 2015) and multidendritic class III and IV neurons (Takagi et al., 2017).

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larval abdominal 2 down and back neuron [FBbt_00047728]

Larval down and back neuron of abdominal neuromere 2. it is a somatosensory interneuron that arborizes in the nociceptive neuropil and receives input from class IV dendritic arborizing neurons. From a laterally-located cell body, it projects ventromedially to the nociceptive neuropil and arborizes profusely. A single process also projects back laterally and dorsally towards the cell body. It is involved in activating bending and rolling behavior in response to nociceptive stimuli, such as noxious heat.

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larval abdominal 3 down and back neuron [FBbt_00047729]

Larval down and back neuron of abdominal neuromere 3. it is a somatosensory interneuron that arborizes in the nociceptive neuropil and receives input from the class IV dendritic arborizing neurons (Gerhard et al., 2017). From a laterally-located cell body, it projects ventromedially to the nociceptive neuropil and arborizes profusely. A single process also projects back laterally and dorsally towards the cell body. It is involved in activating bending and rolling behavior in response to nociceptive stimuli, such as noxious heat.

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larval abdominal 3 Wave neuron [FBbt_00047684]

Larval Wave neuron with its cell body in abdominal neuromere 3. Its primary neurites remain close to the midline, with axons and dendrites projecting anteriorly to thoracic neuromeres 2 and 3, and abdominal neuromeres 1, 2 and 3. It receives input from ipsilateral class IV multidendritic neurons (Ohyama et al., 2015). Activation of this neuron induces backward locomotion.

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larval abdominal 4 down and back neuron [FBbt_00047730]

Larval down and back neuron of abdominal neuromere 4. it is a somatosensory interneuron that arborizes in the nociceptive neuropil and receives input from class IV dendritic arborizing neurons. From a laterally-located cell body, it projects ventromedially to the nociceptive neuropil and arborizes profusely. A single process also projects back laterally and dorsally towards the cell body. It is involved in activating bending and rolling behavior in response to nociceptive stimuli, such as noxious heat.

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larval abdominal 5 down and back neuron [FBbt_00047731]

Larval down and back neuron of abdominal neuromere 5. it is a somatosensory interneuron that arborizes in the nociceptive neuropil and receives input from class IV dendritic arborizing neurons. From a laterally-located cell body, it projects ventromedially to the nociceptive neuropil and arborizes profusely. A single process also projects back laterally and dorsally towards the cell body. It is involved in activating bending and rolling behavior in response to nociceptive stimuli, such as noxious heat.

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larval abdominal 6 down and back neuron [FBbt_00047732]

Larval down and back neuron of abdominal neuromere 6. it is a somatosensory interneuron that arborizes in the nociceptive neuropil and receives input from class IV dendritic arborizing neurons. From a laterally-located cell body, it projects ventromedially to the nociceptive neuropil and arborizes profusely. A single process also projects back laterally and dorsally towards the cell body. It is involved in activating bending and rolling behavior in response to nociceptive stimuli, such as noxious heat.

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larval Basin-2 neuron [FBbt_00111229]

Larval basin neuron that lacks a ventral branch from its primary neurite, unlike other Basins (Ohyama et al., 2015). It has a relatively ventral axon position, compared to Basins 3 and 4, and its ventral dendrites extend further medially than those of Basins 1 and 3 (Ohyama et al., 2015). It receives substantial input from multidendritic class IV neurons and does not have presynaptic sites on its dendritic arbor (Ohyama et al., 2015).

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larval Basin-4 neuron [FBbt_00111230]

Larval basin neuron with ventral dendrites that extend to, and may cross, the midline (Ohyama et al., 2015). It has a relatively dorsal axon position, compared to Basins 1 and 2 (Ohyama et al., 2015). It receives substantial input from multidendritic class IV neurons and does not have presynaptic sites on its dendritic arbor (Ohyama et al., 2015). It is involved in the larval behavioral response to nociceptive stimuli (Ohyama et al., 2015).

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larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC [FBbt_00002027]

Larval class IV multidendritic neuron whose cell body is located fairly centrally among the dendritic arborizing neurons of the dorsal sensory cluster (Grueber et al., 2002; Orgogozo and Grueber, 2005). Its dendrites cover a dorsal region of the body wall of its segment and do not overlap with the dendrites of the anterior ventral (vdaa) neuron (Grueber et al., 2002). Its axon terminals are found in a dorsal region of the nociceptive neuropil (Li et al., 2019).

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larval down and back neuron [FBbt_00047725]

Cholinergic somatosensory interneuron that arborizes in the nociceptive neuropil and receives input from class IV dendritic arborizing neurons (Gerhard et al., 2017; Burgos et al., 2018). From a laterally-located cell body, it projects ventromedially to the nociceptive neuropil and arborizes profusely; then a single process projects back laterally and dorsally towards the cell body (Burgos et al., 2018). It is involved in activating bending and rolling behavior in response to nociceptive stimuli, such as noxious heat (Burgos et al., 2018) and it is a premotor neuron (Zarin et al., 2019).

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larval mCSI neuron [FBbt_00048370]

Segmentally-repeated interneuron of the larval abdominal neuromeres that receives input from class IV dendritic arborizing (da) neurons (Yoshino et al., 2017). There is one bilateral pair of these cells per abdominal neuromere with cell bodies in a ventral medial position (Yoshino et al., 2017). They extend dendrites along the axons of class IV da neurons across multiple segments (predominantly ipsilaterally) in the ventral part of the neuropil and their axons reach the dorsal part of the neuropil (Yoshino et al., 2017). They are involved in the induction of rolling behavior in response to the activation of class IV da neurons (Yoshino et al., 2017).

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larval multidendritic class IV neuron [FBbt_00007275]

Larval dendritic arborizing neuron with a highly complex branching pattern that completely fills large regions of the body wall with its arbors (Grueber et al., 2002). Each cell may have 800-900 terminal branches and more than 6 branch orders (Grueber et al., 2002). The three subtypes innervate different regions of the body wall (Grueber et al., 2002) and the nociceptive neuropil of the ventral nerve cord (Li et al., 2019). They are nociceptive neurons and some can respond to noxious mechanical and/or heat stimuli (Hwang et al., 2007; Robertson et al., 2013).

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larval ventral multidendritic neuron vdaB [FBbt_00002056]

Larval class IV multidendritic neuron with its soma in the ventral vdaA-D cluster, usually posterior to vdaA and anterior to vdaC and vdaD (Grueber et al., 2003; Orgogozo and Grueber, 2005; Veling et al., 2019). Its dendrites cover a ventral region of the body wall of its segment and do not overlap with the dendrites of the anterior ventral (vdaa) neuron (Grueber et al., 2002). Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). Its axon terminals are found in a ventral region of the nociceptive neuropil (Li et al., 2019).

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larval Wave neuron [FBbt_00111249]

Segmentally-repeated interneuron that has a cell body in a larval abdominal neuromere (Ohyama et al., 2015). They are cholinergic and glutamatergic (Takagi et al., 2017). Anterior Wave neurons project anteriorly, while posterior Wave neurons project within the same neuromere as their cell body and to adjacent neuromeres. Presynaptic and postsynaptic sites are segregated to dorsal and ventral neurites, respectively. They receive sensory information, predominantly from class IV dendritic arborizing neurons, in a segment-specific manner. Activation of Wave neurons in anterior segments (A1-3) induces backward locomotion, activation in posterior segments (A4-6) induces forward locomotion, and activation of all simultaneously induces bending. Wave neurons are required for normal locomotory responses to mechanical stimuli.

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