PAL [FBbt_00100215]

A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately 5 cell bodies in the cortex located lateral to the dorsal portion of the vertical lobes in the middle of the superior lateral protocerebrum of the adult brain. It belongs to the DPLam primary lineage, but does not mature until the pupal stage (Hartenstein et al., 2017).

Tags:

PAL

ID: FBbt_00100215

Adult Dopaminergic lineage VLPd1 DPLam primary neuron

Mao and Davis (2009) identify 8 protocerebral clusters coincidentally positive for TH-GAL4 activity and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, implying these cells are dopaminergic.

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## Classification

Relationships

develops from: immature dopaminergic PAL neuron
has soma location: cell body rind of adult superior lateral protocerebrum
is part of: adult brain

Alternative Names

Synonym	Scope	Reference
protocerebral anterior lateral dopaminergic cluster neuron	related synonym
protocerebral anteriolateral dopaminergic cluster neuron	related synonym
PAL	exact synonym	Mao and Davis, 2009
PAL03	exact synonym	Berg et al., 2025
PAL01	exact synonym	Bates et al., 2025
PAL03	exact synonym	Bates et al., 2025
PAL01	exact synonym	Scheffer et al., 2020
PAL02	exact synonym	Bates et al., 2025
PAL cluster neuron	exact synonym
dopaminergic PAL1 neuron	exact synonym	Hartenstein et al., 2017
PAL01	exact synonym	Berg et al., 2025
PAL02	exact synonym	Scheffer et al., 2020
TH-positive anteriolateral cluster neuron	related synonym
PAL03	exact synonym	Scheffer et al., 2020

List all available images of PAL (26 total)

Thumbnail	Name	Tags
	PAL01_L (MaleCNS:512273)	primary_neuron, Adult, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, Dopaminergic
	PAL01_R (MaleCNS:13698)	primary_neuron, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, Adult, Dopaminergic
	PAL03(ADL17)_L	primary_neuron, Adult, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, Dopaminergic
	PAL03_L (MaleCNS:527591)	primary_neuron, Adult, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, Dopaminergic
	PAL03_R (MaleCNS:43760)	primary_neuron, Adult, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, Dopaminergic

View all 26 results in VFB →

Subclasses of PAL (8 total)

Thumbnail	Name	Tags
	LH-SMP neuron of the dopaminergic PAL cluster	Adult, Dopaminergic, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, primary_neuron
	OL neuron of the dopaminergic PAL cluster	Adult, Dopaminergic, lineage_LHd1_DPLd, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, primary_neuron
	adult fruitless aSP4 (female) neuron	Adult, Dopaminergic, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, primary_neuron
	adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron	Adult, Dopaminergic, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, primary_neuron
	fru-aSP4	Adult, Dopaminergic, lineage_VLPd1_DPLam, primary_neuron

View all 8 results in VFB →

Expression patterns overlapping PAL (9 total)

Thumbnail	Name	Tags
	P{Ddc-GAL4.HL7} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{Ddc-GAL4.HL5} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{Ddc-GAL4.HL9} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{GMR55C10-GAL4} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{Ddc-GAL4.L} expression pattern	Expression_pattern

View all 9 results in VFB →

Transgene expression in PAL (10 total)

Thumbnail	Name	Tags
	P{Ddc-GAL4.HL7} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{Ddc-GAL4.HL5} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{Ddc-GAL4.HL9} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{GMR55C10-GAL4} expression pattern	Expression_pattern
	P{Ddc-GAL4.L} expression pattern	Expression_pattern