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About Virtual Fly Brain
- 1: What is Virtual Fly Brain?
- 2: How to cite us
- 3: Privacy Notice
- 4: Cookies
- 5: Accessibility Statement
- 6: The Virtual Fly Brain Team
- 7: Funding
- 8: Collaborators
- 9: Contributors
- 10: Geppetto
- 11: Publications
- 12: Contact us
1 - What is Virtual Fly Brain?
Welcome to Virtual Fly Brain (VFB) - an interactive tool for neurobiologists to explore the detailed neuroanatomy, neuron connectivity, and gene expression of Drosophila melanogaster. Our goal is to make it easier for researchers to find relevant anatomical information and reagents.
We integrate the neuroanatomical and expression data from the published literature, and align image datasets onto the same nervous system templates, making it possible to run cross searches, find similar neurons, and compare image data on our 3D Viewer.
2 - How to cite us
How to Cite Virtual Fly Brain
If you use Virtual Fly Brain data, tools, or resources in your research, please cite our work using the citation formats below. Proper citation helps support continued development and funding of this resource.
Primary Citation
Use this citation when referencing Virtual Fly Brain in general, including use of the website, data, or tools:
APA
Court, R., Costa, M., Pilgrim, C., Millburn, G., Holmes, A., McLachlan, A., Larkin, A., Matentzoglu, N., Kir, H., Parkinson, H., Brown, N. H., O’Kane, C. J., Armstrong, J. D., Jefferis, G. S. X. E., & Osumi-Sutherland, D. (2023). Virtual Fly Brain—An interactive atlas of the Drosophila nervous system. Frontiers in Physiology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1076533
MLA
Court, Robert, et al. “Virtual Fly Brain—An Interactive Atlas of the Drosophila Nervous System.” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 14, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1076533.
Chicago
Court, Robert, Costa, Marta, Pilgrim, Clare, Millburn, Gillian, Holmes, Alex, McLachlan, Alex, Larkin, Aoife et al. “Virtual Fly Brain—An interactive atlas of the Drosophila nervous system.” Frontiers in Physiology 14, (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1076533.
BibTeX
@article{Court_2023,
author = {Robert Court and Marta Costa and Clare Pilgrim and Gillian Millburn and Alex Holmes and Alex McLachlan and Aoife Larkin and Nicolas Matentzoglu and Huseyin Kir and Helen Parkinson and Nicolas H. Brown and Cahir J. O'Kane and J. Douglas Armstrong and Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis and David Osumi-Sutherland},
title = "{Virtual Fly Brain—An interactive atlas of the Drosophila nervous system}",
journal = {Frontiers in Physiology},
volume = {14},
publisher = {Frontiers Media {SA}},
year = {2023},
month = {jan},
abstract = "{As a model organism, Drosophila is uniquely placed to contribute to our understanding of how brains control complex behavior. Not only does it have complex adaptive behaviors, but also a uniquely powerful genetic toolkit, increasingly complete dense connectomic maps of the central nervous system and a rapidly growing set of transcriptomic profiles of cell types. But this also poses a challenge: Given the massive amounts of available data, how are researchers to Find, Access, Integrate and Reuse (FAIR) relevant data in order to develop an integrated anatomical and molecular picture of circuits, inform hypothesis generation, and find reagents for experiments to test these hypotheses? The Virtual Fly Brain (virtualflybrain.org) web application & API provide a solution to this problem, using FAIR principles to integrate 3D images of neurons and brain regions, connectomics, transcriptomics and reagent expression data covering the whole CNS in both larva and adult. Users can search for neurons, neuroanatomy and reagents by name, location, or connectivity, via text search, clicking on 3D images, search-by-image, and queries by type (e.g., dopaminergic neuron) or properties (e.g., synaptic input in the antennal lobe). Returned results include cross-registered 3D images that can be explored in linked 2D and 3D browsers or downloaded under open licenses, and extensive descriptions of cell types and regions curated from the literature. These solutions are potentially extensible to cover similar atlasing and data integration challenges in vertebrates.}",
issn = {1664-042X},
doi = {10.3389/fphys.2023.1076533},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1076533},
}
Additional Citations
Drosophila Anatomy Ontology
If you specifically use or reference the Drosophila anatomy ontology developed as part of Virtual Fly Brain, please also cite:
- Osumi-Sutherland, D., Reeve, S., Mungall, C. J., Neuhaus, F., Ruttenberg, A., Jefferis, G. S. and Armstrong, J. D. (2012). A strategy for building neuroanatomy ontologies
Acknowledgements
When appropriate, please also acknowledge the specific data sources integrated into Virtual Fly Brain that you have used, such as JFRC, FlyBase, FlyCircuit, and datasets from individual research groups.
3 - Privacy Notice
Virtual Fly Brain Privacy Notice
Last updated: May 2026
The Virtual Fly Brain (VFB) project is committed to protecting your privacy and keeping you informed about how your personal information is used. This privacy notice explains how we collect, use, and protect your personal data when you visit our website.
What information do we collect?
Website analytics (Google Analytics 4). We use Google Analytics 4 to understand how the site is used. When you visit a page, your IP address is sent to Google for the purpose of deriving an approximate geographic location, and is then discarded; the raw IP is not stored against your analytics record. The data we receive is aggregated and includes:
- Approximate geographic location (city/country level)
- Browser type and version
- Operating system
- Referring website
- Pages visited and time spent on each page
Web-server logs. Our front-end load balancers and application containers produce request logs that include your IP address. These logs are short-lived and operational only — they are not persisted beyond the lifetime of the running container and are lost on restart.
We do not collect personally identifiable information such as names, email addresses or contact details unless you voluntarily provide them through our contact forms, feedback links or community channels.
How do we use this information?
The information collected helps us:
- Understand how our website is used
- Improve the user experience and content
- Identify technical issues
- Analyze website traffic patterns
- Understand user interests in our neuroanatomical data
Cookies
Google Analytics 4 sets cookies on your browser to distinguish your visits. The Geppetto 3D web client sets a session cookie to maintain application state during a visit. A full list of cookies set by Virtual Fly Brain, with their purposes and expiry, is on the Cookies page, which also explains how to opt out of Google Analytics.
For Google’s processing details see Google’s Privacy & Terms.
Legal Basis for Processing
Our processing of your personal data is based on:
- Legitimate interests: To improve our website and research services
- Consent: Where you have provided it for specific purposes
Data Sharing and Disclosure
We do not sell, rent or trade your personal information.
Analytics data collected by Google Analytics may be processed by Google on servers located in the United States. International transfers are covered by the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/1795); Google is certified under the framework. The UK extension to the framework applies for UK-origin data.
Data Retention
Analytics data is retained for up to 26 months, after which it is automatically deleted.
Your Rights
Under data protection law, you have rights including:
- Access: Request a copy of your personal data
- Rectification: Correct inaccurate data
- Erasure: Request deletion of your data
- Restriction: Limit how we process your data
- Objection: Object to processing based on legitimate interests
- Portability: Receive your data in a structured format
Contact Us
If you have questions about this privacy notice or wish to exercise your rights, please contact:
Data Protection Officer
University of Edinburgh
Old College
South Bridge
Edinburgh EH8 9YL
Email: dpo@ed.ac.uk
VFB Project Team
Email: data@virtualflybrain.org
Changes to this Privacy Notice
We may update this privacy notice from time to time. Any changes will be posted on this page with an updated revision date.
This privacy notice is supported by the University of Edinburgh’s wider privacy policies. For more information, visit the University Data Protection webpages.
4 - Cookies
Cookies used by Virtual Fly Brain
Last updated: May 2026
This page lists the cookies set by www.virtualflybrain.org and the related Virtual Fly Brain (VFB) services. It complements the Privacy Notice.
What is a cookie?
A cookie is a small text file that a website saves on your device when you visit. Cookies let a site recognise your browser between requests and on return visits.
Strictly necessary cookies
These cookies are required for the website and applications to work and cannot be turned off through any opt-out mechanism without breaking core features.
| Name | Set by | Purpose | Expires |
|---|---|---|---|
JSESSIONID |
Geppetto (v2.virtualflybrain.org and variants) |
Maintains your application session in the 3D web client — currently selected neurons, layer visibility and camera state. | End of browser session |
Performance cookies
These cookies help us understand how visitors use Virtual Fly Brain so we can improve content, navigation and the underlying data integrations. The data is aggregated and is not used to identify individual users.
Google Analytics 4
We use Google Analytics 4 (GA4), a web analytics service provided by Google LLC. GA4 receives your IP address transiently for geolocation purposes, derives an approximate location (city/country level), and discards the raw IP — it is not stored against your analytics record. The data we see is aggregated counts, paths through the site, and broad geographic distribution.
| Name | Purpose | Expires |
|---|---|---|
_ga |
Distinguishes browsers across visits. | 2 years from your most recent visit |
_ga_K7DDZVVXM7 |
Maintains GA4 session state for the VFB property. | 2 years from your most recent visit |
For details of Google’s processing, see Google’s Privacy & Terms.
International transfer note: Google may process GA4 data on servers in the United States. The transfer is covered by the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/1795); Google is certified under the framework. The UK extension to the framework applies for UK-origin data.
How to opt out
You can opt out of Google Analytics on every site you visit by installing Google’s Analytics Opt-out browser add-on. You can also clear or block individual cookies via your browser’s settings; doing so will not prevent you from using the public VFB services, but the Geppetto session cookie above is needed for the 3D viewer.
Other cookies set by sites we link to
Pages elsewhere on virtualflybrain.org may embed content from third-party services (for example, YouTube or X/Twitter). Those embeds may set their own cookies; please refer to the third party’s own cookie or privacy policy for details. We do not set non-essential third-party cookies of our own beyond Google Analytics.
Contact
Questions about cookies on this site: data@virtualflybrain.org.
Wider University data-protection enquiries: University of Edinburgh Data Protection Officer.
5 - Accessibility Statement
Accessibility statement for Virtual Fly Brain
Website accessibility statement in line with the Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018.
This statement applies to the public Virtual Fly Brain (VFB) services hosted at www.virtualflybrain.org and its sub-domains. VFB is run by the University of Edinburgh’s School of Informatics as a research data integration platform for Drosophila melanogaster neurobiology.
The University of Edinburgh is committed to making its websites and applications accessible in line with the regulations. This website is partially compliant with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 AA standard, with the non-compliances listed below.
We want as many people as possible to be able to use this website. Where the underlying content is inherently visual (3D image stacks, neuron skeletons and connectivity diagrams) we recognise that some features cannot be made fully accessible without losing scientific meaning, and we have documented those limitations below.
Using this website
Across the site you should be able to:
- Change colours, contrast levels and font size using your browser settings on the documentation pages
- Use the documentation pages without encountering flashing, scrolling or moving content
- Listen to most of the documentation pages with a screen reader (JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver)
- Navigate the documentation pages by keyboard alone
- Resize text up to 200% on the documentation pages without loss of content
The 3D web client (Geppetto-based) and the embedded CATMAID connectome viewers have known accessibility limitations — see below.
Customising the website
AbilityNet — My Computer My Way has advice on making your device easier to use if you have a disability.
Known accessibility issues
Non-compliance with WCAG 2.2 AA criteria
- 1.1.1 Non-text content. Not all neuron images and anatomical diagrams have meaningful alternative text.
- 1.3.1 Info and relationships, 1.3.2 Meaningful sequence. Some legacy figure pages do not present content in a programmatically determined reading order.
- 1.4.1 Use of colour. Some neuroanatomical schematics use colour as the sole means of distinguishing regions or cell types.
- 1.4.3 Contrast (minimum). Some embedded figures from external publications use low-contrast labels we cannot modify.
- 2.1.1 Keyboard. The Geppetto 3D viewer cannot be navigated by keyboard alone for full feature parity with mouse interaction.
- 4.1.2 Name, role, value. The 3D viewer’s scene-graph elements (neurons, brain regions) are not exposed to assistive technology as named, role-tagged elements.
Content that is not within the scope of the accessibility regulations
- Third-party scientific content. PDFs and figures imported from peer-reviewed publications retain their original formatting, including small text size and low colour contrast, and are republished under their original licences. We do not modify them.
- The CATMAID connectome viewers (
*.catmaid.virtualflybrain.org) are embedded third-party software whose interface is optimised for mouse and keyboard interaction at high zoom levels. We do not control its accessibility behaviour. - Older content (pre-September 2018). Some legacy pages and PDFs pre-date the regulations and are kept for reference; we will replace them with accessible HTML where reasonable.
Ongoing improvements
- Adding
aria-labeland image-map fallbacks to anatomical schematics. - Documenting alternative routes to the same information (text search, the VFB_connect Python API, and the VFB MCP server) so users who cannot use the 3D viewer can still access the underlying data programmatically.
- Reviewing and improving alternative text for image content.
- Following the University of Edinburgh accessibility guidance for the documentation site framework.
Feedback and contact information
If you need information from this site in a different format, or you encounter an accessibility problem we have not listed:
- Email: support@virtualflybrain.org
- GitHub: file an issue at github.com/VirtualFlyBrain/VFB2/issues
We will respond within five working days.
Enforcement procedure
The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) is responsible for enforcing the Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018. If you are not satisfied with how we respond to your complaint, you can contact the Equality Advisory and Support Service (EASS).
Preparation of this statement
This statement was prepared in May 2026, it has not been independently audited.
This article was published on 2026-05-19.
6 - The Virtual Fly Brain Team
Current Team Members
-
Robert Court (Lead DevOps) [1]
-
Clare Pilgrim (Ontology Editor/Curator) [2]
-
Alex McLachlan (Curator/UX Tester) [2]
-
Gillian Millburn (Senior Curator) [2]
-
Douglas Armstrong (Current Project PI) [1]
-
Nick Brown (Current Project PI) [2]
-
Greg Jefferis (Current Project PI) [4,5]
-
David Osumi-Sutherland (Current Project Co-I) [3]
-
Marta Costa (Current Project Co-I) [4]
Past Team Members
-
Nestor Milyaev (2009-2012) [1]
-
Alex Holmes (2017-2019) [2]
-
Aoife Larkin (2017-2019) [2]
-
Huseyin Kir (2021-2024) [6]
-
Nico Matentzoglu (2018-2022) [6]
-
Simon Reeve (2009-2011) [7]
-
Nicole Staudt (2015-2016) [7]
-
Helen Parkinson (Former PI) [6]
-
Cahir O’Kane (Former PI) [7]
-
Michael Ashburner (Original PI and Grant Holder) [7]
Affiliations
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge
MetaCell
MetaCell collaborates with Virtual Fly Brain on the development and enhancement of the open source Geppetto visualization platform that powers our 3D brain viewer.
For questions about team members or collaboration opportunities, please contact us.
7 - Funding
Current Funding (2022-2027)
Wellcome Trust Grant 223741/Z/21/Z
- Duration: April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2026 (extended to March 31, 2027)
- Supporting ongoing Virtual Fly Brain development and maintenance
Historical Funding
Wellcome Trust
Grant 208379/Z/17/Z
- Duration: October 1, 2017 to October 1, 2021
“Virtual Fly Brain: a global informatics hub for Drosophila neurobiology”
- Grant 105023/D/14/Z: October 1, 2014 to January 31, 2018
- Grant 105023/A/14/Z: October 1, 2014 to January 31, 2018
- Grant 105023/C/14/Z: October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2017
- Grant 105023/B/14/Z: October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2017
UK Research Councils
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- Grant BB/G02233X/1 (2009): “Standardising the representation of Drosophila anatomy and development for databases”
- Recipients: J. Douglas Armstrong, Michael Ashburner, Cahir O’Kane, David Osumi-Sutherland
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
- UK e-Science Theme Award supporting initial project establishment
- Recipient: J. Douglas Armstrong
Medical Research Council (MRC)
- Ongoing institutional support for technical infrastructure development
Other Sources
Isaac Newton Trust (University of Cambridge)
- Grant supporting David Osumi-Sutherland’s database work (2007)
- Grant supporting Marta Costa’s research: “Neuroinformatic identification of new types of neuron in the Drosophila brain” (October 2012 - September 2013)
Wellcome Trust - Cambridge Protein Trap Project
- Supporting BrainTrap database development
- Recipients: Kathryn Lilley, Steve Russell, Daniel St. Johnson
Institutional Partners
Virtual Fly Brain is a collaborative project between:
- University of Edinburgh - School of Informatics
- University of Cambridge - Departments of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, and Zoology
- Wellcome Sanger Institute - Hinxton, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology - Cambridge
Data Partnerships
Virtual Fly Brain integrates data from multiple sources through collaborative partnerships rather than direct funding arrangements:
- FlyBase Consortium
- FlyCircuit Project (National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan)
- Janelia Research Campus (HHMI, USA)
- Multiple international research laboratories
Site Visualization Tools
Virtual Fly Brain utilizes multiple visualization technologies:
Geppetto Framework
- Open source 3D visualization platform co-developed with MetaCell Corporation
- VirtualFlyBrain and MetaCell collaborate on ongoing development and improvements to the Geppetto ecosystem
Woolz Image Processing and IIP3D Server
- Developed by the MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh
- Provides high-performance image serving and client-side visualization tools
8 - Collaborators
Collaborators
The IIP3D server, Woolz software and client-side tools are developed by*
MRC Human Genetics Unit (MRC HGU): Richard Baldock, Nick Burton, Bill Hill, Zsolt Husz
(*) An on-going development of the client-side tools is done in collaboration between the MRC HGU and Edinburgh University
Visit the EMAGE gene expression database to see other tools the MRC HGU have developed.
Expression data is collaboratively curated by VFB and FlyBase and stored and maintained at FlyBase.
Phenotype data is curated, stored, and maintained by FlyBase.
9 - Contributors
Contributors
We would like to thank the following contributors for their help with this project:
10 - Geppetto
Geppetto is an open source project that VFB is an active developer of in partnership with MetaCell
For full details on the project see Geppetto.org
Geppetto
Build robust neuroscience applications.
| Live demo | Paper | Docs |
The visualisation and simulation platform focused on what matters to you.
Neuroscience software reimagined
Geppetto is a web-based visualisation and simulation platform to build neuroscience software applications. Reuse best practices, best compomnents, best design. Don’t reinvent the wheel.
A completely modular platform.
Engineered together with scientists, Geppetto lets you integrate different data and models. A modular architecture allows the platform to easily support different standard formats for both experimental and computational data.
An open-source revolution.
Geppetto is entirely open source and engineers, scientists and developers from different research groups are contributing to its development by adding functionality to visualize and simulate new data and models.
Awesome in-browser 3D
Geppetto enables visualizing and interacting with 3D data in your web browser. Take advantage of out of the box support for point clouds, ball-and-stick models, line segments for large networks or arbitrarly complex meshes.
Extensible components based framework
A modular system of components allows both experimental and simulated data to be visualized in domain specific ways so that you can always be in control of how to present your data.
Fully indexed and searchable data and models
The data and models loaded inside Geppetto are fully indexed and searchable for you to always find what is most important without big data getting in the way.
Dynamic visualisation
We know you are used to look at your simulations only via a plot or a static rendered video. In Geppetto the 3D models can be linked to your simulation to add a dynamic visual component to your computational experiments.
A powerful abstraction
Geppetto defines a model abstraction capable of representing different classes of models and data, in a generic way. In this way the platform can be used over and over by different groups, becoming more and more robust, generic and smart.
Features
Some of the features responsible for giving you an amazing experience.
Regular releases of Geppetto make sure components keep being updated and tested.
Help us identify what matters to you and what you would want to see built in Geppetto. Do so by logging an enhancement request on GitHub or dropping us an email.
Curious to know more about Geppetto?
Gallery
Some screenshots of what is possible today. Imagine the future.
Get involved!
Help us build the next generation simulation platform!
Geppetto is entirely open source and is being built by a growing community of talented engineers and scientists. Geppetto uses different languages to achieve different goals. Geppetto runs on the Eclipse Virgo WebServer and can be deployed on different infrastructures including cloud-based ones like Amazon EC2.
Geppetto is multi-platform and works on Linux, Mac OSX and Windows, so no matter on what platform you develop there is a way for you to run it and add fantastic contributions.
Show me the code!
Right! Geppetto is hosted on GitHub, every module has its own repository to provide flexible ways of branching individual components. For every module we have at least two branches, development and master. The development branch gets merged into master each monthly release. If you want to contribute you can either go straight to the code or reach out to us dropping an email, we will show you around and help you contribute in your favorite way!
| Source code | Docs | Development board
F.A.Q.
Find some answers to the most common questions about Geppetto!
Who is building Geppetto?
Many engineers and scientists contribute every day to the development of Geppetto, a big thank to our superheroes:
- Matteo Cantarelli (Coordinator, principal architect, engineer)
- Giovanni Idili (Architect, engineer)
- Afonso Pinto (Engineer)
- Adrian Quintana Perez (Architect, engineer)
- Boris Marin (Architect, computational scientist)
- Dario Del Piano (Engineer)
- Facundo Rodriguez (Engineer)
- Filippo Ledda (Architect, engineer)
- Jesus Martinez (Engineer)
For the full list of contributors see here.
Why are you building Geppetto?
Read our paper to learn more.
Besides the functional requirements, Geppetto’s goal is to move away from the monolithic approach to software that is usually found in academic programming projects.
Computational neuroscience has produced software systems, including NEURON and Genesis, that are extremely useful for simulating systems of neurons that include biophysical details (Brette et al, 2007). A range of other algorithms have been devised in other areas of computational biology (Barnes & Chu, 2010) for which simulators have been produced (Takahashi, 2004). Several investigations have pointed to the challenges in building a single system that integrates multiple simulation algorithms together into a single biological model (Takahashi et al., 2002, Dada and Mendes, 2007, Cornelis et al., 2012).
Geppetto aims to address these scientific and engineering challenges. Geppetto’s design leverages cutting edge software technologies. Its architecture and development follows industry standards.
How is Geppetto development funded?
Building great software takes time. And money. Geppetto is no exception and as many open-source projects it is funded by a hybrid model. Geppetto’s development is supported by both awesome volunteer contributors and by external companies and organisations:
- OpenWorm
- MetaCell
- Wellcome Trust via the Open Source Brain initiative
- Wellcome Trust via Virtual Fly Brain
- Orion Bionetworks
Commercial companies, academic institutions and independent research labs are welcome to get in touch with us to discuss collaborations and grant applications.
What is Geppetto’s relationship with OpenWorm?
The decision to build Geppetto came after an analysis of the requirements for a platform able to support the OpenWorm full-scale simulation of the C. elegans.
Geppetto’s architecture is generic and therefore the simulation of the C.elegans is just one specific simulation it is capable of. Geppetto’s modules can be built to simulate and integrate any complex system.
What license does Gepetto have?
Geppetto is released under the MIT license.
Arr, didn’t find what you were looking for? Check out our docs
11 - Publications
Publications
For more information on the technology behind the VFB website:
- Robert Court, Marta Costa, Clare Pilgrim, Gillian Millburn, Alex Holmes, Alex McLachlan, Aoife Larkin, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Huseyin Kir, Helen Parkinson, Nicolas H. Brown, Cahir J. O’Kane, J. Douglas Armstrong, Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis and David Osumi-Sutherland (2023). Virtual Fly Brain - An interactive atlas of the Drosophila nervous system. Frontiers in Physiology 14.
- Matteo Cantarelli, Boris Marin, Adrian Quintana, Matt Earnshaw, Robert Court, Padraig Gleeson, Salvador Dura-Bernal, R. Angus Silver, Giovanni Idili (2018). Geppetto: a reusable modular open platform for exploring neuroscience data and models. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373.
- Hilmar Lapp, James P. Balhoff, Todd J. Vision (2017). Owlery: A flexible approach for the serving of OWL ontologies. bioRxiv.
- Milyaev, N., Osumi-Sutherland, D., Reeve, S., Burton, N., Baldock, R. A. and Armstrong, J. D. (2012). The Virtual Fly Brain browser and query interface. Bioinformatics 28, 411-5.
- Husz ZL, Burton N, Hill B, Milyaev N, Baldock RA:Web tools for large-scale 3D biological images and atlases. BMC Bioinformatics 13:122, 2012.
For details on the anatomy ontology:
- Osumi-Sutherland, D., Reeve, S., Mungall, C. J., Neuhaus, F., Ruttenberg, A., Jefferis, G. S. and Armstrong, J. D. (2012). A strategy for building neuroanatomy ontologies. Bioinformatics 28, 1262-1269.
12 - Contact us
Contact Virtual Fly Brain
We welcome feedback, questions, and collaboration opportunities from the Drosophila research community. Please choose the most appropriate contact method for your inquiry below.
Technical Support & General Questions
For help with using Virtual Fly Brain, comments, suggestions, or general questions:
Public Support Forum: support@virtualflybrain.org
Note: This email goes to our public support forum, where questions and responses are visible to the community, helping other users with similar issues.
Before emailing: Please check our support forum archives to see if your question has already been answered.
Bug Reports & Feature Requests
To report technical issues, bugs, or request new features:
GitHub Issues: Report an issue
This allows our development team to track and address technical problems efficiently.
Data Contributions & Private Inquiries
For data inclusion discussions, collaboration proposals, or confidential matters that require direct communication with our team:
Private Email: data@virtualflybrain.org
Learn more about data contributions: Contribution Guidelines
Collaboration & Partnerships
Interested in collaborating with the Virtual Fly Brain team or discussing partnership opportunities?
Contact: data@virtualflybrain.org
Questions about Data Inclusion
For questions about adding your data:
Contact: data@virtualflybrain.org
Stay Connected
- BlueSky: Follow us for updates and announcements
- LinkedIn: Follow us for updates and announcements
- GitHub: VirtualFlyBrain organization - contribute to our open source development














